不同烤烟品种烟叶衰老期氨气挥发及其与氮素代谢的相关性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.19.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同氮效率烤烟品种叶片衰老过程中氨气挥发量的差异，揭示烟叶品种间氮素转运规律，以期为耐氮肥品种选育提供依据。【方法】采用氨气收集装置测定烟叶的氨气挥发量，同时测定了叶片NH4+浓度，总氮和可溶性蛋白含量，氮代谢相关酶活性和质外体相关指标。【结果】烟叶氨气挥发量呈先上升后下降的趋势，在叶龄60 d达到最大，中烟90、K326和NC89分别达到（16.39±1.08）、（9.92±1.04）和（4.56±0.63）μg•m-2•h-1，分别是叶龄40 d氨气挥发量的3.87、2.41和2.56倍，品种间差异显著。氨气挥发量与谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性呈极显著负相关，与谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性、质外体NH4+浓度和pH、氨气补偿点呈极显著正相关，与可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶（NR）活性显著负相关，与叶片NH4+浓度呈二次曲线关系，且相关性极显著，并受总氮降解的间接调控。【结论】不同氮效率品种的氮素再同化和再转移能力存在差异，与烟叶氮素代谢特性有关。烟叶衰老期氮素利用效率低的品种，氮素吸收和再同化能力弱，转移量和氨气挥发量大。烟叶通过质外体挥发氨气，增加了NH4+的转移，减少了氨害的积累，是植物氮素代谢调节的重要方式，可以作为一个评价品种氮效率的指标。

关键词: 烤烟 , 氨气挥发 , 氮代谢 , 氨气补偿点

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the difference of different N efficiency varieties of flue-cured tobacco leaf senescence ammonia volatilization amount in the process, reveal tobacco varieties N transport law, so as to provide a basis for nitrogen resistant variety breeding.【Method】Using ammonia collection device was used to determine the amount of ammonia volatilization of tobacco. At the same time, leaves NH4+ concentration, total N and soluble protein content, N metabolism-related enzyme activity, and apoplast related indicators were measured.【Result】Tobacco amount of ammonia volatilization showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, the maximum at leaf age of 60 d. The amount in varieties Zhongyan90, K326 and NC89, respectively, reached (16.39±1.08) μg•m-2•h-1, (9.92±1.04) μg•m-2•h-1, and (4.56±0.63) μg•m-2•h-1, respectively, 3.87, 2.41 and 2.56 times of the leaf age 40 d ammonia volatilization, and the difference among the varieties was significant. The amount of ammonia volatilization and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were significantly and negatively correlated, and very significantly and positively correlated with the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, apoplastic NH4+ concentration and pH, ammonia compensation point, while very significantly and negatively correlated, with the content of soluble protein and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, They showed a quadratic curve with the leaves NH4+ concentration, and the correlation was extremely significant, and are subject to total N degradation of indirect control. 【Conclusion】 There is a difference among different nitrogen efficient varieties in nitrogen reassimilation and transfer ability，and it is associated with tobacco leaf N metabolism characteristics. During the tobacco senescence, varieties of low N use efficiency, N absorption and assimilation capacity is weak, the transfer capacity, ammonia volatilization amount is big. Through volatilization of ammonia outside the body, increased the transfer of NH4+, reduced the accumulation of ammonia pollution, so it is an important method for plant N metabolic regulation, which can be used as an evaluation of index of a variety nitrogen efficiency.

Key words: flue-tobacco , ammonia volatilization , N metabolism , NH3 compensation point

武云杰, 杨铁钊, 张小全, 李飞, 李丽华. 不同烤烟品种烟叶衰老期氨气挥发及其与氮素代谢的相关性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(19): 4027-4034.

WU Yun-Jie, YANG Tie-Zhao, ZHANG Xiao-Quan, LI Fei, LI Li-Hua. Study on Correlation Between Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Metabolism During the Tobacco Leaves Senescence[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(19): 4027-4034.

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