中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 2282-2293.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.009

• 玉米营养生理与施肥 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对不同夏玉米品种碳氮代谢协调性的影响

苌建峰,董朋飞,王秀玲,刘卫玲,李潮海   

  1. 河南农业大学农学院,郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-19 出版日期:2017-06-16 发布日期:2017-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 李潮海,E-mail:lichaohai2005@163.com
  • 作者简介:苌建峰,E-mail:chjfchina@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-02-19)

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Different Summer Maize Varieties

CHANG JianFeng, DONG PengFei, WANG XiuLing, LIU WeiLing, LI ChaoHai   

  1. College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2016-07-19 Online:2017-06-16 Published:2017-06-16

摘要: 【目的】在不同的氮肥水平下研究不同夏玉米品种碳、氮代谢差异,分析其协调性,提出高产、稳产的生理学指标,探索根据代谢型进行差异化管理的新途径。【方法】2009—2011年在河南温县和郑州,利用大田和盆栽两种种植方式,60 000株/hm2密度,设计0、120、240、360 kg·hm-2 4个氮肥水平,比较郑单958(ZD958)、农大108(ND108)、浚单20(XD20)、豫单2002(YD2002)等4个夏玉米品种的产量、叶片持绿性、氮吸收和转运、不同器官C/N、叶片PEP羧化酶和RUBP羧化酶活性等指标的差异,分析4个品种在不同氮肥水平下的碳、氮代谢协调性。【结果】(1)盆栽试验中,不同氮肥水平间产量比较,XD20差异最大,ZD958差异最小;随着氮肥水平提高,产量呈增加趋势。但大田试验中,除XD20之外,其余品种在N240和N360条件下差异不显著。(2)对灌浆期氮的吸收和转运比较,低氮条件下,ZD958营养器官氮优先向叶片转移,能保持较好的持绿性;ND108对氮的吸收和运转量都较大,持绿性好,但有效利用较低;XD20在低氮条件下氮的吸收量较低,缺乏优先供应叶片的机制,易早衰;YD2002在4个氮肥水平下均表现为灌浆期营养器官氮向籽粒转移量过大,根系吸收量小,易早衰。(3)在灌浆期,正常施肥条件下,ZD958和XD20叶片碳氮比介于YD2002和ND108之间;在成熟期,ZD958和XD20的籽粒碳氮比较高。(4)在灌浆中期,ZD958的PEPCase/RUBPCase最高,且与其余3个品种差异显著;YD2002始终处于较低水平;XD20和ND108随氮肥水平增加提高显著。【结论】玉米品种良好的碳氮代谢协调性表现在碳水化合物和氮素的转运过程中,碳氮代谢协调性较好的品种能很好地协调光合产物和氮素在籽粒灌浆和维持营养器官功能需求之间的矛盾,具有较高的PEPCase/RUBPCase,从而保证高产、稳产。

关键词: 玉米, 碳代谢, 氮代谢, C/N, PEP羧化酶, RUBP羧化酶

Abstract: 【Objective】The study is designed to put forward the physiological indexes of high and stable yield in maize and explore the new management ways by comparing the differences of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of different maize varieties under different nitrogen levels and analyzing its coordination. 【Method】 The study was carried out to compare the differences of yield, the staying-green duration of leaf, nitrogen uptake and translocation, the ratio of C/N, PEP carboxylase and RUBP carboxylase activity by field and pot experiments in Wenxian and Zhengzhou from 2009 to 2011, in which 4 varieties of summer maize, including ZD958, ND108, XD20 and YD2002, were planted at 60 000 plants/hm2 under four nitrogen levels of 0, 120, 240, 360 kg·hm-2.【Result】(1) The grain yield of 4 maize varieties increased significantly with nitrogen level increasing. In pot experiments, the yield gap of XD20 between different nitrogen levels was the biggest, and that of ZD958 was the smallest. However, under the field condition, the difference of maize except XD20 between N240 and N360 was not significant. (2) The comparison of nitrogen uptake and translocation during grain-filling stage indicated that the nitrogen in ZD958 vegetative organs could be preferentially transferred to the leaves under low nitrogen condition which contributed to the longer staying-green duration of maize leaf. For ND108, both of nitrogen uptake and translocation were larger, thus its leaf can also stay green longer, but the effective utilization of nitrogen was lower. For XD20, due to lack of mechanism of priority supply to leaves and lower N uptake of under low nitrogen condition, the leaf showed early senescence. For YD2002, because of larger nitrogen transfer amount from vegetative organs to grain under four nitrogen levels and smaller nitrogen absorption in root, the leaf also showed early senescence. (3)During the grain filling stage, the C/N ratio of leaf in ZD958 and XD20 were between YD2002 and ND108 in the condition of normal fertilization. For the mature stage, the grain C/N ratio of ZD958 and XD20 were higher than the other two varieties. (4)At mid filling stage, ratio of PEPCase and RUBPCase of ZD958 was significantly higher than the other three cultivars, that of YD2002 was lower, and that of XD20 and ND108 increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer. 【Conclusion】The excellent coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of maize was reflected in the translocation process of carbohydrate and nitrogen. The maize that be able to coordinate the contradiction between grain and vegetative organ demand for carbohydrate and nitrogen, and with a higher PEPCase/RUBPCase, could reach a high and stable yield.

Key words: maize, carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, C/N, PEPCase, RUBPCase