巨峰葡萄果实不同发育期维管束水分运输变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过研究葡萄果实生长规律、果实硬度和膨压的变化、维管束结构和水分运输变化，揭示葡萄果实不同发育期维管束水分运输变化与果实生长间的关系。【方法】以4年生巨峰葡萄为材料，采用质外体染料示踪法研究葡萄果实不同发育期果实维管束水分运输变化。【结果】在第1次快速生长期(Phase I)，果实生长迅速，果实硬度和果实膨压最大，果实周缘维管束被染色数量最多，染色范围最广，染料溶液在葡萄果实中的运输速率也最高，为0.97 cm·h-1；进入生长停滞期 (Phase II)，葡萄果实中的周缘维管束被染色数目减少，染料溶液在周缘维管束和中央维管束运输速率急剧下降，分别为0.08 cm·h-1和0.72 cm·h-1；在果实的第2次快速生长期(Phase III)，果实硬度达到最低，膨压下降，染料溶液在果实中的运输速率比生长停滞期有所增加，但仍低于第1次快速生长期。通过对维管束解剖结构观察可以看出，葡萄进入转色期后，葡萄果实维管束木质部导管壁模糊，甚至瓦解。【结论】葡萄进入第2次快速生长期(Phase III)后，由于葡萄果实维管束中部分木质部结构瓦解、功能丧失，导致水分运输效率迅速下降，而该时期果实糖分积累增加，有利于提高果实渗透调节能力，促使水分通过韧皮部进入果实，从而促进果实第2次膨大生长。

关键词: 葡萄, 果实, 维管束, 水分运输

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the experiment is to understand the relation ship between water transportation in berry vascular and berry growth.【Method】The berry growth, berry firmness and turgor, the structure of vascular bundle and water transportation in vascular bundle were studied. Apoplastic dye stuff was used as the tracer to study the water transportation in berry vascular.【Result】The results showed that during phase I, the dorsal and central vascular bundles were colored mostly, the speeds of dye stuff transport in dorsal vascular bundles were the highest among three phases of berry development, the speed was 0.97 cm·h-1. After phase II, the distribution of dye stuff decreased, the speeds of dye stuff transport decreased, the speeds in dorsal and central vascular bundles were 0.08 cm·h-1 and 0.72 cm·h-1, respectively. During phase III, the distribution of dye stuff was still lower than phase I. After phase II, the walls of xylem vessels were indistinct, some of them were broken.【Conclusion】After phase III, although the collapse of partial xylem structure and non-functional xylem led to the decrease in efficiency of water transportation in vascular, sugar accumulation in grape berry increased, osmoregulation in berry also increased, water entered into grape berry via phloem. These adjustments promoted the second rapid growth of grape berry.

Key words: grape, berry, vascular bundle, water transport

谢兆森, 曹红梅, 李勃, 李为福, 许文平, 王世平. 巨峰葡萄果实不同发育期维管束水分运输变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(1): 111-117.

XIE Zhao-Sen, CAO Hong-Mei, LI Bo, LI Wei-Fu, XU Wen-Ping, WANG Shi-Ping. Changes of Water Transportation in Berry Vascular Bundle at Different Developmental Phases of Kyoho Grape Berry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(1): 111-117.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.01.013

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2012/V45/I1/111

参考文献

[1] Fillion L, Ageorges A, Picaud S, Lemoine R, Romieu C, Derlot S. Cloning and expression of a hexose transporter gene expressed during the ripening of grape berry. Plant Physiology, 1999, 120(4): 1083-1093.

[2] Xia G H, Zhang D P. Intercellular symplasmic connection and isolation of unloading zone in flesh of the developing grape berry. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2000, 42: 898-904.

[3] Delrot S, Picaud S, Gaudillere J P. Water transport and aquaporins in grapevine//Roubelakis-Angelakis K A. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Grapevine. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001: 241-262.

[4] Tyerman S D, Tilbrook J, Pardo C, Kotula L, Sullivan W, Steudle E. Direct measurements of hydraulic properties in developing berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz and Chardonnay. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2004, 10: 170-181.

[5] Coombe B G, Bishop G R. Development of the grape berry. II. Changes in diameter and deformability during veraison. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 1980, 31: 499-509.

[6] Coombe B G, McCarthy M G. Dynamics of berry growth and physiology of ripening. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2000, 6:131-135.

[7] Zhang X Y, Wang X L, Wang X F, Xia G. H, Pan Q H, Fan R C, Wu F Q, Yu X C, Zhang D P. A shift of phloem unloading from symplasmic to apoplasmic pathway is involved in developmental onset of ripening in grape berry. Plant Physiology, 2006, 142: 220-232.

[8] 黄旭明. 葡萄浆果转熟生理变化的机理研究[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学.1998.

Huang X M. Studies on the mechanism of some veration-related physiological aspects in grape berries [D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 1998. (in Chinese)

[9] Bhaska B, Mark M, Kenneth S. Functional xylem in the post-veraison grape berry. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2005, 56(421): 2949-2957.

[10] Hardie W J, Obrien T P. Jaudzems V G. Morphology, anatomy and development of the pericarp after anthesis in grape. Vitis vinifera L. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 1996, 2(2): 97-142.

[11] 李正理. 植物制片技术. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982.

Li Z L. Botanical Microtechnique. Beijing: Science Press, 1982. (in Chinese)

[12] Kumazawa M. Studies on the vascular course in the maize plant. Phytomorphology, 1961, 11: 128-139.

[13] 赵珍美, 王璞. 水分从玉米根端输往体内途径的探讨.作物学报, 1989, 15(4): 289-296.

Zhao Z M, Wang P. Water pathways in Zea mays L. plant. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1989, 15(4): 289-296. (in Chinese)

[14] 夏国海. 葡萄果实糖分卸载与代谢机制研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学. 1999.

Xia G H. Studies of mechanism of sugar unloading in developing grape berry[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 1999. (in Chinese)

[15] Harris J, Kriedemann P E, Possingham J V. Anatomical aspects of grape berry development. Vitis Ber Rebenforsch, 1968, 7:106-119.

[16] Nobel P S, de la Barrera E. Carbon and water balances for young fruits of platyopunitas. Physiologia Plantarum, 2000, 109:160-166.

[17] Coombe B G. The development of fleshy fruits. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 1976, 27: 207-228.

[18] Drazeta L, Lang A, Hall A J, Volz R K, Jameson P E. Causes and effects of changes in xylem functionality in apple fruit. Annals of Botany, 2004, 93:275-282.

[19] Ho L C, Grange R I, Picken A J. An analysis of the accumulation of water and dry matter in tomato fruit. Plant, Cell and Environment, 1987, 10:157-162.

[20] Mingo D M, Bacon M A, Davies W J. Non-hydraulic regulation of fruit growth in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solairo) growing in drying soil. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2003, 54:1205-1212.

[21] Dichio B, Remorini D, Lang S. Developmental changes in xylem functionality in kiwifruit: implications for fruit calcium accumulation. Acta Horticulturae, 2003, 610:191-195.

[22] Rogiers S Y, Smith J A, White R, Keller M, Holzapfel B P, Virgona J M. Vascular function in berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 2001, 7: 46-51.

[23] Matthews M A, Cheng G, Weinbaum S A. Changes in water potential and dermal extensibility during grape berry development. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 1987, 112: 314-319.

[24] 张大鹏, 罗国光.葡萄成熟期果实水分出入运动的研究. 植物学报, 1993, 35 (1):1-11.

Zhang D P, Luo G G. Studies on water movement into and out of grapevine fruits during the ripening. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1993, 35(1):1-11. (in Chinese)

[25] 张大鹏, 邓文生, 贾文锁. 葡萄果实生长与水势及其分量和细胞壁展延性之间的关系. 中国农业大学学报, 1997, 2(5): 100-108.

Zhang D P, Deng W S, Jia W S. Relationships between fruit growth, cell water potential and its components and cell wall extensibility in grapevine. Journal of China Agricultural University, 1997, 2(5): 100-108. (in Chinese)

[26] Coombe B G. Research on development and ripening of the grape berry. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 1992, 43(1): 101-110.

[27] Considine J A, Knox R B. Development and histochemistry of the cells, cell walls, and cuticle of the dermal system of fruit of the grape, Vitis vinifera L. Protoplasma, 1979, 99(4): 347-365.