梨园行间种草对土壤有机质和矿质元素变化及相互关系的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨多年行间种草对果园土壤有机质和土壤养分含量变化及其相互关系效应。【方法】在北京市大兴区20年生‘黄金梨’[ Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.).cv. Nakai ]（5 m×6 m）种植园，设置间作黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、白三叶（Trifolium repens）、清耕种植（CK）3个处理，于种植后第3和第4年分别测定果园不同土层的土壤有机质、大量元素和微量元素含量的变化；分析土壤有机质与矿质营养元素间的相互关系。【结果】梨园多年种植白三叶和黑麦草均能增加土壤各层次的有机质、有机碳含量，调节土壤的碳氮比；提高土壤表层 (0—20 cm) 和亚表层(20—40 cm) 的全N、全P含量，提高土壤表层和亚表层的全N、全P含量和部分亚表层的碱解N、有效P、有效K和有效Zn含量；而全K、有效Ca、Mg、Fe和Mn的含量在各土层中表现不一。多年种植黑麦草能调节土壤碳氮比，提高土壤全P、速效N、P、K、有效Mn、Mg含量；而种植白三叶更有利于全N、全K含量、速效Fe和Zn含量的提高。同种类行间种植4年比3年的土壤多数元素含量均有不同程度提高。分析认为，土壤有机质与多数土壤矿质元素间存在极显著或显著的相关性，在不同种植区，土壤有机质与各元素的关联度不同，白三叶种植区微量元素对土壤有机质的调节作用明显；黑麦草种植区土壤大量元素对土壤有机质的作用较明显。【结论】多年间作提高沙地梨园土壤表层和亚表层有机质含量、土壤养分含量，改善土壤供肥状况。在沙地梨园多年种植黑麦草和白三叶对土壤有机质含量和土壤养分含量及其相互作用不同，以多年种植黑麦草效果较好。

关键词: 梨园 , 行间种草 , 土壤有机质 , 土壤养分

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of inter-row planting grass (grazing) on soil organic matter and mineral elements in pear orchard. 【Method】 In 20-year-old ‘Golden Pear’ [Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.). Cv. Nakai] orchard, in Daxing District, Beijing, three treatments were set up: inter-row planting ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens) and control for the clean tillage (CK). At the third and forth year after successive planting, the difference of soil organic matter and mineral elements content between different soil layers were measured and the relationships between soil organic matter and soil nutrients content were analyzed. 【Result】 Inter-row planting with L. perenne and T. repens could increase organic matter and organic C content in soil and regulate the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The total N, P and K, available P, K and Zn content, also alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen were improved significantly both in surface layer (0-20 cm) and the subsurface layer (20-40 cm) in the two patterns. Inter-row planting with L. perenne could benefit the ratio of C/N, and enhance the content of total N, available N, P, K and Mn, Mg. While inter-row planting T. repens could improve the content of total N and K, available Fe and Zn well. The content of most elements in plot of inter-row planting with the same grass for four years were enhanced compared with those of three years. Significant relationships were found between the soil organic matter and most of the soil mineral elements, and different inter-row planting plots had different correlation. In plot of inter-row planted with T. repens, the micro-elements had obvious role in regulating soil organic matter. While in plot of inter-row planting with L. perenne, the macro-elements had better role in enhancing soil organic matter. 【Conclusion】 When inter-row planting with L. perenne and T. repens in pear orchard with sandy soil, both soil organic matter and mineral elements content in both surface and subsurface layers were increased to different degrees, the nutrients supply ability also improved. Inter-row planting with L. perenne and T. repens for successive years had different roles in the relationship between soil organic mater and soil nutrients, the effects of inter-row planting with T. repens for successive years were much better.

Key words: pear orchard , inter-row planting grass , soil organic matter , soil nutrients

霍颖，张杰，王美超，姚允聪. 梨园行间种草对土壤有机质和矿质元素变化及相互关系的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(7): 1415-1424.

HUO Ying, ZHANG Jie, WANG Mei-chao, YAO Yun-cong. Effects of Inter-Row Planting Grasses on Variations and Relationships of Soil Organic Matter and Soil Nutrients in Pear Orchard[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(7): 1415-1424.

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