中国农业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 3551-3558 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.10.0021

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同稻作制、有机肥用量及地下水深度对红壤性水稻土无机磷形态的影响

冯跃华,张杨珠,黄运湘

  

  1. (贵州大学农学院)
  • 收稿日期:2009-02-04 修回日期:2009-03-12 出版日期:2009-10-10 发布日期:2009-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 张杨珠

Effects of Rice-Based Cropping System, Application Rate of Organic Manure and Ground Water Level on Inorganic Phosphorus Forms in Paddy Soil Derived from Red Earth

FENG Yue-hua, ZHANG Yang-zhu, HUANG Yun-xiang   

  1. (贵州大学农学院)
  • Received:2009-02-04 Revised:2009-03-12 Online:2009-10-10 Published:2009-10-10
  • Contact: ZHANG Yang-zhu

摘要:

【目的】探明耕作,施肥,灌溉等农艺措施对红壤性水稻土无机磷状况的影响。【方法】利用蒋柏藩等的无机磷分级方法研究了在长期定位试验条件下稻作制和有机肥用量及地下水位深度对红壤性水稻土无机磷形态的影响。【结果】红黄泥耕层土壤的无机磷总量为398.6~546.1 mg?kg-1,平均为(471.4±40.5)mg?kg-1。无机磷各形态以O-P和Fe-P为主,平均分别占无机磷总量的39.2%和38.6%。不同稻作制间,稻-稻-冬泡的无机磷总量高于稻-稻-油菜和稻-稻-绿肥。不同有机肥施用量处理间,化肥处理的无机磷总量高于常量有机肥和高量有机肥处理。低地下水位有利于土壤无机磷的积累。不同稻作制间,Fe-P的绝对含量和相对含量均为稻-稻-冬泡、稻-稻-油菜>稻-稻-绿肥;在同一稻作制下,随着年际的变化,Ca2-P、Ca10-P和Fe-P含量有下降的趋势,而Al-P、O-P和Ca8-P含量都有增大的趋势;不同施肥量处理间,Ca10-P、Fe-P和Al-P的绝对含量和相对含量均为化肥处理>常量有机肥、高量有机肥处理;在同一种有机肥施用量处理下,随着年际的变化,Ca2-P、Ca10-P和Fe-P含量都有下降的趋势,而Al-P、O-P和Ca8-P含量则都有上升趋势。不同地下水位处理,低水位(-80 cm)处理的Ca10-P和Fe-P含量大于高水位(-20 cm)处理,低水位(-80 cm)处理的Ca2-P和O-P含量小于高水位(-20 cm)处理;在同一地下水位下,随着年际的变化,Ca2-P和Fe-P含量有下降的势,而Al-P、O-P和Ca8-P含量都有上升趋势。【结论】冬季种植作物,土壤无机磷含量减少,而冬季施用绿肥,可使Fe-P含量减少;单纯施用化肥,可使无机磷含量和Ca10-P、Fe-P和Al-P增加;低地下水位有利于土壤无机磷的积累。

关键词: 稻作制, 有机肥, 地下水位, 无机磷, 水稻土

Abstract:

【Objective】 To ascertain the effects of rice-based cropping system, organic manure and ground water level on soil inorganic phosphorus forms. 【Method】 A long-term stationary experiment was carried out to study this subtect based on the fractional schemes proposed by Jiang Bai-fan, et al. 【Result】 Results showed that the contents of total inorganic phosphorus of the tested plough layer soils in different treatments ranged from 398.56 to 546.10 mg?kg-1, with (471.4±40.5) mg?kg-1 on average. O-P and Fe-P were the two main forms of inorganic phosphorus in the reddish-yellow clayey paddy soi1 that was derived from quaternary red clay and the two fractions accounted for 39.20%-38.59% of total inorganic phosphorus. Among the 3 rice-based cropping systems, the contents of total inorganic phosphorus in the treatment of rice-rice-flooded fallow in winter were higher than those in the treatments of rice-rice- rapeseed and rice-rice-green manure. The total inorganic phosphorus contents in the treatment of inorganic fertilizer were higher than those in the treatments of high rate of applied of manure and normal rate of applied manure. Low ground water level can increase the inorganic phosphorus contents in the soil. The contents of Fe-P in the treatments of rice-rice-flooded fallow in winter and rice-rice-rapeseed were higher than those in the treatments of rice-rice-green manure. As time goes on, the contents of Ca2-P, Ca10-P and Fe-P decreased under the same rice-based cropping system, while the contents of Al-P, Ca8-P and O-P increased. The contents of Ca10-P, Fe-P and Al-P in the treatment of inorganic fertilizer were higher than those in the treatments of normal rate of applied manure and high rate of applied manure. As time goes on, the contents of Ca2-P, Ca10-P and Fe-P decreased under the same organic manure application, while the contents of Al-P, O-P and Ca8-P increased. The contents of Ca10-P and Fe-P in the treatment of low ground water level were higher than those in the treatment of high ground water level, while the contents of Ca2-P and O-P in the treatment of high ground water level were lower than those in the treatments of low ground water level. As time goes on, the contents of Ca2-P and Fe-P decreased under the same ground water level, while those of Al-P, O-P and Ca8-P increased 【Conclusion】Crop planting in winter can decrease inorganic P content, while green manure application in winter can decrease Fe-P content. Inorganic fertilizer application could increase total inorganic P and Ca10-Pand Fe-P and Al-P contents. Lower ground water level is beneficial to accumulation of inorganic P.

Key words: rice-based cropping system, organic manure, ground water level, inorganic phosphorus, paddy soil