中国农业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 2034-2042 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.06.020

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

设施栽培条件下番茄适宜的氮素管理和灌溉模式

高 兵,李俊良,陈 清,刘庆花,王 静

  

  1. (青岛农业大学资源与环境学院)
  • 收稿日期:2008-06-18 修回日期:2008-10-23 出版日期:2009-06-10 发布日期:2009-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 李俊良

Study on Nitrogen Management and Irrigation Methods of Greenhouse Tomato

GAO Bing, LI Jun-liang, CHEN Qing, LIU Qing-hua, WANG Jing
  

  1. (青岛农业大学资源与环境学院)
  • Received:2008-06-18 Revised:2008-10-23 Online:2009-06-10 Published:2009-06-10
  • Contact: LI Jun-liang

摘要:

【目的】探索设施栽培条件下番茄适宜的氮素管理和灌溉模式。【方法】试验设4个处理:对照、传统氮素管理、优化氮素管理和推荐氮素管理。比较不同处理间的番茄产量、氮肥追施量、氮素损失量、化学氮肥和灌溉水农学效益等。【结果】(1)对照处理未追施化学氮肥,产量仍达到较高水平,冬春季出现了随着氮肥追施量的增加而减产的现象。(2)传统氮素管理每季的氮肥追施量为600 kgN?hm-2,灌溉量约7 500 m3?hm-2,不合理的水氮管理造成每年1 416 kgN?hm-2的表观氮素损失;与传统处理相比,推荐氮素管理每季番茄氮肥追施量减少50%,全年氮肥损失量减少32.2%;优化氮素管理两季番茄氮肥追施量为314和124 kgN?hm-2,灌溉量分别为3 900和4 550 m3?hm-2,全年的氮肥损失量减少38.6%。(3)传统、优化和推荐氮素管理全年的化学氮肥农学效益为0、24.9和0.3 kgFW?kg-1N,传统和优化灌溉的灌溉水农学效益分别为12.2和23.2 kg FW?m-3。(4)优化氮素管理模式每年可减少4 000元/hm2的氮肥和灌溉用电费用。【结论】本试验条件下,氮肥追施量已不是番茄产量进一步提高的主要限制因素。氮素追施调控结合小管出流及夏季休闲时施用小麦秸秆和氰氨化钙的水氮管理是较优的番茄氮素管理和灌溉模式。

关键词: 设施番茄, 氮素管理, 灌溉模式, 小麦秸秆, 氰氨化钙, 产量, 农学效益

Abstract:

【Objective】Nitrogen management and irrigation model of greenhouse tomato were studied. 【Method】 Four treatments, control (CK), conventional nitrogen (CN),optimized nitrogen (ON) and recommended nitrogen (RN) management treatments were designed to investigate tomato yield, N application rate, loss of N, the agronomic efficiency of chemical N fertilizer and irrigation water. 【Result】 Tomato yield of CK reached a higher level although any chemical N fertilizer was not used, the phenomenon of yield reduction appeared with the increasing of the rate of N sidedressed in winter-spring season. The rate of N sidedressed of CN is 600 kgN?hm-2, and the irrigation water is about 7 500 m3?hm-2, there are 1 416 kgN?hm-2 has been lossed as the result of the unreasonably water and N management; Compared with CN, the loss sidedressed N and the loss of total N decreased by 50% and 32.2% in RN; The rate of N sidedressed of ON is 314 and 124 kgN?hm-2 in two seasons respectively, and the irrigation water is 3 900 and 4 550 m3?hm-2, with the total loss of N reduced by 38.6%. The agronomic efficiency of chemical N fertilizer in CN, ON and RN treatments in the whole year is 0, 24.9 and 0.3 kgFW?kg-1N, respectively. Tha agronomic efficiencies of irrigation water of the conventional and optimized irrigation treatments are 12.2 and 23.2 kgFW?m-3, respectively. The ON can reduce 4 000 yuan/hm2 by decreasing N fertilizer and irrigation water input. 【Conclusion】 The rate of N sidedressed is not the leading factor restricting the increase of tomato yield. Water and N management mothods of optimizing N sidedressing and irrigation by employing bubbler irrigation system during the growing season, and applying calcium cyanamide mixed with wheat straw in summer-fallow are considered as the better water and N management.

Key words: greenhouse tomato, nitrogen management, irrigation methods, wheat straw, calcium cyanamide, yield, agronomic efficiency