中国农业科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1308-1316 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.05.007

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

强筋小麦胚乳淀粉粒度分布特征及其对弱光的响应

蔡瑞国,尹燕枰,赵发茂,张 敏,张体彬,梁太波,顾 锋,戴忠民,王振林   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室
  • 收稿日期:2007-06-01 修回日期:2007-09-29 出版日期:2008-05-10 发布日期:2008-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 王振林

Size distribution of starch granules in wheat endosperm under low light environment

  1. 山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室
  • Received:2007-06-01 Revised:2007-09-29 Online:2008-05-10 Published:2008-05-10

摘要: 【目的】揭示强筋小麦淀粉粒度分布特征,探讨小麦挑旗后不同阶段弱光对其胚乳淀粉粒度分布特征的影响。【方法】利用自制遮荫棚设挑旗-开花、花后1~10 d、花后11~20 d、花后21~30 d弱光处理,以大田种植小麦为对照,对2个强筋小麦品种(藁城8901和济南17)在不同弱光处理下胚乳中淀粉粒的数目、体积和表面积分布进行分析测定。【结果】小麦胚乳不同粒径淀粉粒数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布均呈双峰曲线变化。B型淀粉粒(直径<10 µm)占胚乳淀粉粒数目、体积和表面积的百分数分别为99.89%、46.85%和84.43%,A型淀粉粒(直径≥10 µm)的值分别为0.11%、53.15%和15.57%。挑旗后不同阶段弱光处理对小麦胚乳淀粉粒的数目、体积和表面积分布均有明显影响。花后11~20 d弱光处理时A型淀粉粒的数目百分数显著降低,其它处理变化不明显;弱光对B型淀粉粒内部的数目分布状况影响显著,且此影响存在遮光时期、基因型和粒位的差异。挑旗~开花弱光处理后,藁城8901强势粒BS型(直径<1 µm)淀粉粒数目降低,BL型(直径1~10 µm)淀粉粒升高,而弱势粒呈相反趋势;济南17强势粒的淀粉粒数目分布变化不显著,而弱势粒BS型淀粉粒数目降低,BL型淀粉粒升高。灌浆前期弱光处理提高小麦胚乳中BS型淀粉粒数目,中后期弱光处理提高BL型淀粉粒数目,且中期弱光处理的作用大于后期。2个品种B型淀粉粒的体积和表面积在灌浆前期弱光处理后显著提高,而A型淀粉粒的体积和表面积降低;挑旗~开花和灌浆中后期弱光处理后,A和B型淀粉粒的体积和表面积变化呈现与灌浆前期相反的趋势。【结论】强筋小麦胚乳淀粉粒数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布呈双峰曲线变化。弱光对强筋小麦胚乳淀粉粒度分布存在显著影响。

关键词: 小麦, 淀粉, 粒度分布, 弱光

Abstract: Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this research was to reveal the size-distribution characteristics of starch granules in wheat endosperm and to study the effect of different-stage shading on the size distribution of wheat starch granules.【Method】In this study, we used a self-made tent to shade wheat plants under field conditions, selected two strong-gluten wheat cultivars: GC8901 and JN17, and set four shading stages: flagging to flower, 1-10, 11-20 and 21-30 days after anthesis(DAA) to study the changes of number, volume and surface area distribution of starch granules in wheat endosperm.【Result and conclusion】The results showed that wheat endosperm had a unimodal curve in starch granule number distribution, and a bimodal curve in starch guanule volume or surface area distribution. On average, B-type granules (diameter<10µm) made up to 99.89% of the totle number of starch granules in wheat endosperm, and accounted for 84.43% of the total starch surface area, but contributed only about 46.85% of the total starch volume. On the other hand, A-type granules (diameter≥10µm) made up to 0.11% of the totle number of starch granules in wheat endosperm, and accounted for 15.57% of the total starch surface area, but contributed about 53.15% of the total starch volume. Size distribution of starch granules in wheat endosperm were influenced markedly by different-stage low light after flagging stage. Low light in 11-20 DAA could decrease the number of A-type starch granules in wheat endosperm, but the other shading treatment influenced it slightly. Low light influenced the inner size distribution of B-type starch granules significantly , and the influence varied with shading time, genotype and grain position in wheat spike. After shading from flagging stage to flower stage, the number of BS-type granules (diameter<1µm) decreased and BL-type granules (diameter 1~10µm) increased in GC8901 superior grains, but those changes in GC8901 inferior grains were on the contrary. The number distribution of starch granules in JN17 superior grains was influenced slightly by shading from flagging stage to flower stage, but in JN17 inferior grains BS-type granules number decreaed and BL-type granules increased. Shading from 1 DAA to 10 DAA increased the number of BS-type granules in wheat endosperm, but low light in the middle or latter grain filling stage increased BL-type granule number, and the function of middle grain filling stage shading was higher than latter grain filling stage shading. The volume and surface area percents of B-type starch granules in the endosperm of two wheat cultivars were increased after shading from 1 DAA to 10 DAA, but those in A-type granules were decreased. After shading from flagging stage to flower stage and low light from 11 DAA to 30 DAA, the volume and surface area percents of A -type starch granules increaesd but those in B-type granules decreased.

Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Starch, Low light, Size distribution