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Yield Effect and Nitrogen Fertilizer Screening of One-off Application of Controlled Release Fertilizer for Winter Wheat XiaoBin WU, DeShui TAN, HaiTao LIN, GuoLiang ZHU, ZiShuang LI, AiLing HE, JianHua GUO, ZhaoHui LIU Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2018, 51 (20): 3863-3875.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.005 Abstract （411）   HTML （17）    PDF （428KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 It is very important to investigate the suitable controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) for different soil types which can provide scientific basis and technical support for one-off application of CRF during wheat production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CRF on wheat yield from the perspectives of wheat nutrient uptake and soil nutrient supplying.【Method】Field experiments were conducted at different experimental sites (TA, ZMD, DZ, HZ and SJZ) in three years (2013-2014, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016). There were eight treatments: Control (CON), OPT and CRF (A1, A2, B, C, D and E) treatments. 【Result】The field results at TA showed that treatments A2, C and E were benefit for improving wheat population and increasing grain yield because of the synchronization of nitrogen (N) release with N requirement. The average result of three years showed that, compared with OPT, the early winter tillers, the maximum tillers and the effective tillers of A2, C and E treatments improved 5.7%-14.7%, 10.9%-22.2% and 4.5%-6.0%, respectively. The yield of A2, C and E treatments increased 2.6%-4.6%. The three-year results at ZMD showed that nitrogen recovery use efficiency (NRE) and total N uptake under A2, C and E treatments increased 7.7%-11% and 4.3%-5.3% than OPT treatment, respectively. The field results of SJZ showed that A2 and D synchronized N release with N requirement of wheat. The average results of three years showed that the NRE and total N uptake of A2 and D treatments increased by 6.4%-26% and 2.8%-12%, respectively, and the yield increased by 1.7%-5.6% compared with the OPT treatment. The results at DZ and HZ showed that A2 maintained high yield of wheat in three consecutive years compared with OPT. The application effect of other CRF treatments varied greatly from year to year, but with the implementation of the experiment, the application effect had been stable year by year. Compared with OPT treatment, the yield of A2 and C treatments at DZ and HZ in 2015-2016 improved 1.4%-8.3% and 1.5%-4.8%, respectively. Overall, A2 and C showed a steady trend of grain yield increase compared with OPT.【Conclusion】The application effect of CRF varied with soil type. The synchronization of N release in the field with N requirement of wheat was essential to improve yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of N, P and K Nutrient Demand of High-Yielding Winter Wheat in North China Plain QingSong ZHANG, DianJun LU, ShanChao YUE, Ai ZHAN, ZhenLing CUI Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2018, 51 (20): 3840-3851.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.003 Abstract （386）   HTML （22）    PDF （844KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the characteristics of N, P and K nutrient demand of high-yielding winter wheat and to identity the relationship between N, P and K requirements and grain yield, so the results of the study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for in-season nutrient management of high-yielding winter wheat in North China Plain. 【Method】 Under the optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment, some databases of nutrient demand of winter wheat was created by collecting on-farm experiments in different places and in many years to evaluate the relationship between aboveground N, P and K uptake and grain yield to quantify N, P and K requirements per ton grain yield in North China Plain.【Result】For the optimal N fertilizer treatment, the average N requirement per ton grain in North China Plain was 24.3 kg and it declined with increasing grain yield. For the yield ranges between <4.5 t·hm-2 and 6.0 to 7.5 t·hm-2, the N requirement per ton grain decreased from 27.1 kg to 24.5 kg due to increasing harvest index and decreasing grain N concentration. For the yield ranges between 6.0 to 7.5 t·hm-2 and 9.0 to 10.5 t·hm-2, the N requirement per ton grain decreased from 24.5 kg to 22.7 kg due to decreasing grain N concentration. For the yield ranges >10.5 t·hm-2, the N requirement per ton grain tended to be stable and changed little. Under the optimal P fertilizer treatment, the average P requirement per ton grain was 4.5 kg, and it declined from 4.7 kg in the yield range of <4.5 t·hm-2 to 4.2 kg in the yield range of >9.0 t·hm-2 due to the increasing harvest index and the diluting effect of declining grain P concentrations. Under the optimal K fertilizer treatment, the average K requirement per ton grain was 21.1 kg and it declined with increasing grain yield, it decreased from 23.8 kg with <4.5 t·hm-2 to 20.2 kg with >7.5 t·hm-2, which was attributed to the increase of the harvest index and decline in grain potassium concentrations. The largest variation in dry matter and nutrient accumulation occurred from the stem elongation stage to anthesis stage.【Conclusion】Under the optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment in North China Plain, the N, P and K uptake requirement increased with increasing grain yield. The average N, P and K requirement per ton grain declined with increasing grain yield, which was attributed to the increase of the harvest index and decline in grain N, P and K concentrations. For different yield levels of winter wheat, there was higher dry matter accumulation rate and nutrient uptake rate after the stem elongation stage of high yield levels. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fertilizer Product Screening and Yield Response About One-off Fertilization on Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain LiHua JIANG, DeShui TAN, ZiShuang LI, ZongXin LI, JianHua GUO, KeGang SUN, Ni LI, Yu XU, Yan YANG, Jing SHI, Mei WANG, ZhaoHui LIU Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2018, 51 (20): 3876-3886.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.006 Abstract （417）   HTML （14）    PDF （416KB）（266）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The aim of the experiment was to screen slow (controlled) release fertilizer products by using one-off fertilization for realizing the target of high, stable, sustainable yield of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.【Method】Four sites in three maize big provinces (Shandong, Henan and Hebei) were selected as fixed position experiment sites of one-off fertilization on summer maize, ten varieties of slow (controlled) release fertilizer (CRF) as testing fertilizer, including CRFA, CRFB, CRFC, CRFD, CRFE, CRFF, CRFG, CRFH, CRFI, and CRFJ, were selected as testing fertilizers, and then effects of one-off fertilization of different slow (controlled) release fertilizer on yield of summer maize was researched.【Result】Maize yield between different experimental sites as well as different years were significantly different at 0.05 probability level (F=40.67, F=2.95), but maize yield between different fertilizer treatments had no significant difference. There was no significant difference between one-time application of CRF and OPT in the same year and the same region, so one-off fertilization could be achieved by one-time application of CRF. Yield sustainability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT, and the range of SYI was 0.65-0.70. In addition to CRFE, yield stability of other treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT, and the range of CV was 3.19%-7.32%. In the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province, average annual yield of summer maize had no significant difference between treatments about CRF and OPT. Average annual yield of summer maize under CRFC was the highest, which was 10734.06 kg·hm-2. Yield sustainability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT, of which SYI of CRFI, CRFD and CRFB was more than 0.70. Yield stability of treatments about CRF was higher than that of OPT, and the range of CV was 14.00%-21.77%. In this study, there was no obvious correlation between yield sustainability and yield of summer maize. In the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong, the SYI and CV of maize yield had significantly negative correlation, and the more stable the yield, the more sustainable the yield.【Conclusion】The CRF used in this study all had the effect of increasing yield of summer maize. Considering the aspect of high yield, CRFC, CRFA and CRFB could realize one-off fertilization on summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai plain. And CRFC, CRFJ, CRFB, and CRFI could realize one-off fertilization on summer maize in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province. Considering the aspect of sustainable yield, CRFG, CRFD and CRFH were better fertilizers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain. And CRFI,CRFD and CRFB were better fertilizers in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province. Considering the aspect of stable yield, CRFH, CRFB and CRFG were better fertilizers in Huang-Huai-Hai plain. And CRFI、CRFD and CRFB were better fertilizers in the experiment site of Dezhou of Shandong province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Match of the Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Wheat and Nitrogen Release of Water Borne Resin Coated Urea HaiTao LIN, Yan LI, ZhaoHui LIU, YuWen SHEN, LiHua JIANG, DeShui TAN, XiaoZong SONG, Ping LIU Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2018, 51 (20): 3852-3862.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.004 Abstract （361）   HTML （12）    PDF （1417KB）（124）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to further understand the match of the nitrogen uptake in winter wheat and nitrogen release of water borne resin coated urea in time and space, and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in single fertilization in wheat.【Method】Through laboratory analysis and field experiment, the membrane surface morphology characteristics and nitrogen release characteristics in the water and in wheat fields of water borne coated urea were studied, as well as the relationship of nitrogen release in which and nitrogen uptake in winter wheat, time dynamics of inorganic nitrogen content in different soil layers, and the matching between soil available nitrogen accumulation and wheat absorption at different stages .【Result】 Membrane surface of water borne resin coated urea was complete, compact, no obvious pore. The nitrogen cumulative release curve was a “S” type for the water borne resin coated urea (type C) in water, and the nitrogen sated release time was about 45 days; the cumulative release curve in the wheat field was elongated “S” type, and nitrogen sated release time was 180 days. There was a significant linear positive correlation between the nitrogen accumulative uptake account of winter wheat and the nitrogen accumulative release account of water borne resin coated urea in soil. The nitrogen release peak of the water borne resin coated urea in the field was two, in seedling stage and jointing stage, respectively, accounting for 30.83% and 23.53% of the total nitrogen release in the whole year, respectively. According to the matching between nitrogen absorption and nitrogen release in the growth period, the relationship between them was “staggered” ahead of booting stage, and the nitrogen release peak was ahead of the nitrogen absorption peak. Compared with common urea, water-borne resin coated urea application made the content of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen and the accumulation of available nitrogen increased significantly in different soil layers at the key growth stage. The soil layer of 0-30 cm was significantly increased in the wheat returning green, booting, filling period of 30 to 60 cm soil layer in winter wheat booting and blooming. The soil layer of 60-90 cm in grain filling stage was green, flowering and filling stage of winter wheat.【Conclusion】Water-based resin coated urea, its sustained-release performance met national standard of slow-release fertilizer; which nitrogen release characteristics was similar in water and wheat fields but longer in wheat fields; the nitrogen release in wheat field was basically the same as that of winter wheat, however, the time was ahead of a growing period for the appearance of nitrogen release peak than that of nitrogen absorption peak. Compared with common urea, applying waterborne resin coated urea could improve the nitrogen supply ability of different soil layers at the key growth stage of winter wheat, and realize the spatial matching between nitrogen supply and root absorption of winter wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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