Warming alters fresh-carbon assimilating bacterial community relevant to priming effect in Mollisols

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.01.003

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (7): 3031-3043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2026.01.003

Agro-ecosystem & Environment

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Warming alters fresh-carbon assimilating bacterial community relevant to priming effect in Mollisols

Yan Gao¹, Yansheng Li¹, Zhenhua Yu¹, Zhuxiu Liu¹, Jinyuan Zhang¹, Xiaojing Hu¹, Jun Wang², Hanting Cheng³, Rong Li⁴, Caixian Tang⁵, Junjie Liu¹, Junjiang Wu⁶, Guanghua Wang¹, Xiaobing Liu¹, Yueyu Sui¹, Jian Jin^{1, 5#}

¹State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China

²State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China

³Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China

⁴The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

⁵La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Ecological, Plant and Animal Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia

⁶Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China

Highlights
● Warming reversed the priming effect over time in Mollisol.
● Glucose-assimilating r-strategists changed to K-strategists under warming.
● Warming enriched Chloroflexi, contributing to positive priming effects.

Abstract
References

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摘要

在外源碳输入的条件下，土壤微生物对气候变暖的响应可能通过正激发效应显著促进土壤原有有机碳（SOC）的分解。阐明外源碳代谢微生物群落的特征与动态，对揭示气候变暖背景下激发效应的形成机制，进而缓解全球变暖导致的土壤碳损失具有重要意义。本研究通过在25、35和45℃条件下进行为期四周的培养实验，每周添加¹³C标记葡萄糖，并结合DNA稳定同位素探针技术（DNA-SIP），系统揭示了同化葡萄糖的微生物群落组成及其功能变化与激发效应的关联。研究结果表明，升温初期（第1周）抑制了激发效应，同时降低了细菌α多样性、K策略/r策略细菌相对丰度比例（K/r）及难降解碳/易降解碳代谢基因比例（R/L）。这表明在外源碳输入初期，升温促使更多r策略细菌群落，优先利用添加的葡萄糖以满足其能量需求，而非分解SOC。然而至第4周，升温显著增强了正激发效应，在45℃条件下其强度可达初始值的3.8倍。同时，该阶段激发效应与K/r、R/L比例以及几丁质降解基因丰度呈显著正相关。这些功能变化与资源获取型微生物（如Streptomyces）丰度上升的趋势一致。从第1周至第4周，升温引起葡萄糖同化细菌群落结构发生明显演替，具体表现为Actinobacteria相对丰度下降，而Chloroflexi丰度显著增加。综上，随着时间推移，增温诱导的激发效应产生与微生物群落结构及其代谢功能的动态变化密切相关。本研究从微生物代谢功能与群落演替角度，为理解气候变暖如何调控外源碳利用，及其对土壤有机碳矿化的影响提供了重要依据，进一步揭示了土壤碳矿化与气候变暖之间存在的正向反馈机制。

Abstract

Soil microbial response to warming may potentially contribute to the positive priming effect, i.e., accelerating the decomposition of native soil organic carbon (SOC) under the outsourced carbon (C) input. Investigating microbiota that metabolize the outsourced C is essential to deciphering the mechanism of priming effect in response to warming and thus mitigating the SOC loss under warming climate. In this work, we monitored the priming effect at 25°C, 35°C and 45°C over four weeks with weekly addition of 13C-glucose, and subsequently revealed microbial assemblage metabolizing glucose with the DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) method. Warming initially inhibited the priming effect, and decreased bacterial α-diversity, K/r-strategists ratio (K/r) and recalcitrant C/labile C gene ratio (R/L) in week 1, suggesting that at the onset of the outsourced C input, the increased proportion of r-strategists preferentially utilize the added glucose over SOC to meet their C and energy demands. Yet, in week 4, positive priming effects were intensified by warming with up to 3.8-fold increase at 45°C. Additionally, the primed C was positively correlated with K/r, R/L, and the abundances of chitin degradation genes in week 4. These functions concurred with an increase in the abundance of resource-acquisition strategists such as Streptomyces affiliated to Actinobacteria under warming conditions over time. From week 1 to 4, warming induced a distinctive change in glucose-assimilating bacterial community compositions with a particular decrease in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria while an enriched abundance of Chloroflexi. Taken together, warming-triggered change of priming effect depended on alternation of microbiota and metabolic function over time. These findings provide important insights of how warming mediates microbial metabolic use of fresh C and subsequent SOC mineralization, reflecting the positive feedback between soil C emission and climate warming.

Keywords: carbon decomposition climate change DNA-SIP bacterial life strategy functional genes

Received: 27 April 2025 Accepted: 28 November 2025 Online: 07 January 2026

Fund:

The project was funded by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (131323KYSB20210004), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28020201), the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFD1500400), and the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (ZD2021D001).

About author: Yan Gao, E-mail: gaoyan@iga.ac.cn; #Correspondence Jian Jin, E-mail: jinjian29@hotmail.com

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Yan Gao, Yansheng Li, Zhenhua Yu, Zhuxiu Liu, Jinyuan Zhang, Xiaojing Hu, Jun Wang, Hanting Cheng, Rong Li, Caixian Tang, Junjie Liu, Junjiang Wu, Guanghua Wang, Xiaobing Liu, Yueyu Sui, Jian Jin. 2026. Warming alters fresh-carbon assimilating bacterial community relevant to priming effect in Mollisols. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(7): 3031-3043.

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