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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2024, Vol. 23 Issue (6): 1879-1896    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.031
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The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

Hanzhu Gu1, Xian Wang2, Minhao Zhang1, Wenjiang Jing1, Hao Wu1, Zhilin Xiao1, Weiyang Zhang1, Junfei Gu1, Lijun Liu1, Zhiqin Wang1, Jianhua Zhang3, 4, Jianchang Yang1#, Hao Zhang1#

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

2 Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 225300, China

3 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China

4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China

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摘要  

综合栽培措施(ICPs)对提高谷物产量和资源利用效率至关重要。然而,ICPs对水稻根际环境和根系的影响尚不清楚。本研究对4个水稻品种开展了大田试验。设置了6种栽培措施处理,包括零氮处理(0 N)、当地常规(LFP)、减氮(NR)和3种渐进式综合栽培措施,包括增密减氮(ICP1),ICP1的基础上用干湿交替灌溉替代常规灌溉(ICP2),以及在ICP2的基础上施用有机肥(ICP3)。ICPs可获得较高的产量和氮素利用效率。根长、干物重、根直径、根系氧化力、根系伤流量、玉米素和玉米素核苷含量以及根系分泌物中总有机酸含量随着ICPs的引入而提高。ICPs提高了根际和非根际土壤硝态氮、脲酶和转化酶活性以及微生物(细菌)多样性,降低了铵态氮含量。与非根际土壤相比,各处理下的根际土壤养分含量(铵态氮、全氮、全钾、全磷、硝酸盐和速效磷)和脲酶活性均降低,但转化酶活性和细菌多样性则相反。各主要生育期的根系形态生理特征和根际土壤铵态氮含量与产量和氮素利用效率密切相关。这些结果表明,在综合栽培措施下,水稻的高产可能得益于根系和根际环境的同步改善。



Abstract  

Integrative cultivation practices (ICPs) are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use efficiency.  However, the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly understood.  In this study, four rice varieties were produced in the field.  Each variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques, including zero nitrogen application (0 N), local farmers’ practice (LFP), nitrogen reduction (NR), and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density (ICP1), a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding (ICP2), and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer (ICP3).  The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three methods.  Root length, dry weight, root diameter, activity of root oxidation, root bleeding rate, zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions, and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation practices.  ICPs enhanced nitrate nitrogen, the activities of urease and invertase, and the diversity of microbes (bacteria) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, while reducing the ammonium nitrogen content.  The nutrient contents (ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, nitrate, and available phosphorus) and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil, but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were greater.  The main root morphology and physiology, and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency.  These findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

Keywords:  rice (Oryza sativa L.)        nitrogen use efficiency        grain yield        integrative cultivation practices        roots  
Received: 10 March 2023   Accepted: 08 June 2023
Fund: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2300304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071944 and 32272197), the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, China (GRF 14177617, 12103219, 12103220, and AoE/M-403/16), the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology (Strategic Collaborative Projects) in The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China, the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province, China (SWYY-151), and the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD).
About author:  Hanzhu Gu, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: guhanzhu2022 @163.com; #Correspondence Jianchang Yang, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: jcyang @yzu.edu.cn; Hao Zhang, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87979317, E-mail: haozhang@yzu.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Hanzhu Gu, Xian Wang, Minhao Zhang, Wenjiang Jing, Hao Wu, Zhilin Xiao, Weiyang Zhang, Junfei Gu, Lijun Liu, Zhiqin Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Hao Zhang. 2024.

The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice . Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23(6): 1879-1896.

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