Integrated no-tillage with UAV-sowing mitigates intraspecific competition and reinforces stem strength to achieve lodging-resistant and high-yield rapeseed under high-density planting

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.04.008

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Xiaoqiang Tan¹, Mingqiang Bai¹, Sijia Wang¹, Zongkai Wang¹, Lei Zhang¹, Dongxu Luo¹, Pan Gao¹, Yang Xu¹, Chengchi Zhang¹, Yuzhe Chen¹, Haicai Fu^{1, 2}, Yan Xie³, Bo Wang¹, Jie Zhao¹, Zhenghua Xu¹, Jing Wang¹, Jie Kuai¹^#, Guangsheng Zhou¹

¹Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris/College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

²Jiangxi Agro-Tech Extension Center, Nanchang 330046, China

³Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Haimen District, Nantong 226100, China

Highlights

l No-tillage with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-sowing (N mode) significantly reduced the relative competition intensity.

l In N mode, the root-shoot coordination of rapeseed is significantly enhanced.

l N mode activates key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, thereby strengthening stem structure.

l N mode with seeding rate 5.25~6.75 kg ha⁻¹ represents the optimal density window for synergistically enhancing yield and lodging resistance.

Abstract
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摘要

长江流域稻油轮作系统普遍面临茬口衔接紧迫的挑战。为解决这一问题，将无人机播种与免耕技术及高密度直播相结合已被公认为关键农艺措施。然而，高密度种植会加剧种内竞争（以相对竞争强度 RCI 量化），这会削弱根冠发育，并加剧抗倒性与产量之间的矛盾。为探究解决方案，本研究通过2年的双因素裂区大田试验，系统量化了不同耕作方式CK (tillage + manual sowing), N (no-tillage + UAV-sowing), T (tillage + UAV-sowing)和播种量S1 (3.75 kg ha^-1), S2 (5.25 kg ha^-1), S3 (6.75 kg ha^-1)交互对油菜群体竞争强度、产量、抗倒性及相关生理指标的调控效应。主要研究结果揭示：在三种耕作模式下，播种量从S1到S3逐级增加导致种群密度、籽粒产量及 RCI 显著提升，但单株产量显著下降。综合两年数据显示，N组相比CK组和T组，其相对竞争强度 RCI 显著降低32.3%-37.7%。该管理措施还可优化干物质分配，使根冠比和根系质量分数提高30.8%-44.3%，从而增强了根系锚固能力。与此同时，该处理显著增强了茎秆机械性能：茎秆木质素和纤维素含量提升了6.8%-10.4%，使茎秆强度大幅提升，导致倒伏指数降低18.6%-35.8%。在N模式下，适度的竞争胁迫通过苯丙烷途径激活关键酶（苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD），其活性提升7.6%-46.9%），从而促进结构碳水化合物合成并增强机械支撑能力。尤为重要的是，无人机播种免耕技术（N模式）通过优化根茎协调性和强化茎秆结构，实现了高产与抗倒伏的双重目标协同效应。NS2和NS3处理被确定为平衡这些目标的最佳实践方案，其产量与最高产处理（TS3）相当或接近，同时展现出更优异的抗倒性。本研究揭示了“种内竞争-结构可塑性-功能增强-高产与抗倒伏”的级联关系，为长江流域中同步提升油菜产量与抗倒性提供了精准的农艺框架。

Abstract

The rapeseed cropping system following rice in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) universally faces the challenge of tight crop succession. To address this, integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sowing with no-tillage practices and high-density direct seeding has been recognized as a crucial agronomic approach. However, high-density planting intensifies intraspecific competition, quantified as relative competition intensity (RCI), which impairs root-shoot development and creates a prominent contradiction between lodging resistance and yield. To investigate this, a two-year field experiment was conducted to quantify the interactive effects of tillage methods (CK, tillage with manual sowing; N, no-tillage with UAV-sowing; T, tillage with UAV-sowing) and seeding rates (S1, 3.75; S2, 5.25; S3, 6.75 kg ha⁻¹). Across the three tillage modes, sequential increases in seeding rate from S1 to S3 resulted in significant increases in population density, grain yield, and RCI, but a significant reduction in yield per plant. Integrated data from the two years revealed that the N mode significantly reduced the Relative Competition Intensity (RCI) by 32.3-37.7% compared to the CK and T modes. This management practice also optimized dry matter partitioning, increasing the root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 30.8-44.3%, which enhanced root anchorage. Concurrently, it reinforced stem mechanical properties; the contents of stem lignin and cellulose increased by 6.8-10.4%, leading to significantly greater stem strength and a consequent 18.6-35.8% reduction in the lodging index. Furthermore, under the N mode, moderate competitive stress activated key enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) by 7.6-46.9%) in the phenylpropanoid pathway, driving the synthesis of structural carbohydrates and enhancing mechanical support. Crucially, the no-tillage with UAV-sowing (N mode) synergistically achieved the dual objectives of high yield and lodging resistance by optimizing root-shoot coordination and reinforcing stem structure. The NS2 and NS3 treatments were identified as the optimal practices for balancing these goals, with yields comparable to or approaching the highest-yielding treatment (TS3) while offering superior lodging resistance. These findings elucidate a cascading relationship of “intraspecific competition - structural plasticity - functional enhancement - high yield and lodging resistance”, providing a precise agronomic framework for simultaneous yield increase and lodging resistance improvement in the YRB.

Keywords: no-tillage with UAV-sowing high-density relative competition intensity lodging resistance yield

Online: 08 April 2026

Fund:

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD2300303), and the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China (2023BBB028).

About author: Xiaoming Tan, E-mail: tanxq@webmail.hzau.edu.cn; Jie Kuai, E-mail: kuaijie@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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Xiaoqiang Tan, Mingqiang Bai, Sijia Wang, Zongkai Wang, Lei Zhang, Dongxu Luo, Pan Gao, Yang Xu, Chengchi Zhang, Yuzhe Chen, Haicai Fu, Yan Xie, Bo Wang, Jie Zhao, Zhenghua Xu, Jing Wang, Jie Kuai, Guangsheng Zhou. 2026. Integrated no-tillage with UAV-sowing mitigates intraspecific competition and reinforces stem strength to achieve lodging-resistant and high-yield rapeseed under high-density planting. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.04.008

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