|
|
|
Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows |
FAN Cai-yun1*, SU Di1*, TIAN He2, HU Rui-ting1, RAN Lei1, YANG Ying1, SU Yan-jing3, CHENG Jian-bo1 |
1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P.R.China
2 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R.China
3 Bright Farming Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, P.R.China |
|
|
Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) on the feed intake, milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments according to a completely randomized design. Half of the cows were allocated to the HS group in August (summer season), and the other half were assigned to the HS-free group in November (autumn season). HS reduced (P<0.01) dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk protein and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) of cows compared with HS-free control, but increased (P<0.01) milk somatic cell counts (SCC). We determined the HS-induced metabolic alterations and the relevant mechanisms in dairy cows using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analyses. Thirty-four metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HS in dairy cows. Ten of these metabolites, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lactose, β-hydroxybutyrate, citric acid, α-ketoglutarate, urea, creatine, and orotic acid, had high sensitivity and specificity for HS diagnoses, and seven metabolites were also identified as potential biomarkers of HS in plasma, milk, and liver. These substances are involved in glycolysis, lactose, ketone, tricarboxylic acid (TCA), amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affects lactose, energy and nucleotide metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows. This study suggested that HS might affect milk production and composition by affecting the feed intake and substance metabolisms in the mammary gland tissue of lactating dairy cows.
|
Received: 15 May 2019
Accepted:
|
Fund: This study was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500503) and the Shanghai Science and Technology Promotion Project for Agriculture (Shanghai Agriculture Science Promotion Project (2019) No. 1-2). |
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence SU Yan-jing, E-mail: suyanjing@brightdairy.com; CHENG Jian-bo, Tel/Fax: +86-551-65786328, E-mail: chengjianboahau@163.com
|
About author: FAN Cai-yun, E-mail: fancaiyunnmgbt@163.com; SU Di, E-mail: 1525339625@qq.com; * These authors contributed equally to this study. |
Cite this article:
FAN Cai-yun, SU Di, TIAN He, HU Rui-ting, RAN Lei, YANG Ying, SU Yan-jing, CHENG Jian-bo.
2019.
Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(12): 2844-2854.
|
Adin G A, Gelman R, Solomon I, Flamenbaum M, Nikbachat E, Yosef A, Zenou A, Shamay Y, Feuermann S J, Miron J. 2009. Effects of cooling dry cows under heat load conditions on mammary gland enzymatic activity, intake of food water, and performance during the dry period and after parturition. Livestock Science, 124, 189–195.
Allen J D, Hall L W, Collier R J, Smith J F. 2015. Effect of core body temperature, time of day, and climate conditions on behavioral patterns of lactating dairy cows experiencing mild to moderate heat stress. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 118–127.
Baumgard L H, Rhoads R P. 2007. The effects of hyperthermia on nutrient partitioning. In: 69th Proceedings of Cornell Nutrition Conference. Cornell University, Ithaca. pp. 93–104.
Baumgard L H, Rhoads R P. 2013. Effects of heat stress on postabsorptive metabolism and energetics. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 1, 311–337.
Baumgard L H, Wheelock J B, Sanders S R, Moore C E, Green H B, Waldron M R, Rhoads R P. 2011. Postabsorptive carbohydrate adaptations to heat stress and monensin supplementation in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94, 5620–5633.
Bernabucci U, Biffani S, Buggiotti L, Vitali A, Lacetera N, Nardone A. 2014. The effects of heat stress in Italian Holstein dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 471–486.
Beede D K, Collier R J. 1986. Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress. Journal of Animal Science, 62, 543–554.
de Castro N M, Yaqoob P, de la Fuente M, Baeza I, Claus S P. 2013. Premature impairment of methylation pathway and cardiac metabolic dysfunction in fa/fa obese Zucker rats. Journal of Proteome Research, 12, 1935–1945.
Chaiyabutr N, Faulkner A, Peaker M. 1981. Changes in the concentrations of the minor constituents of goats milk during starvation and on refeeding of the lactating animal and their relationship to mammary gland metabolism. The British Journal of Nutrition, 45, 149–157.
Cowley F C, Barber D G, Houlihan A V, Poppi D P. 2015. Immediate and residual effects of heat stress and restricted intake on milk protein and casein composition and energy metabolism. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 2356–2368.
Dunning K R, Russell D L, Robker R L. 2014. Lipids and oocyte developmental competence: The role of fatty acids and β-oxidation. Reproduction, 148, R15–R27.
Erhardt G, Senft B. 1982. Changes in concentration of citrate in milk of cows investigated at calving, during lactation and after experimental infections of the mammary gland; relationship to milk constituents. Milchwissenschaft, 37, 20–24.
Fan C Y, Su D, Tian H, Li X J, Li Y, Ran L, Hu R T, Cheng J B. 2018. Liver metabolic perturbations of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31, 1244–1251.
Fuquay J W. 1981. Heat stress as it affects animal production. Journal of Animal Sciences, 52, 164–174.
Gao S T, Guo J, Quan S Y, Nan X M, Fernandez M V S, Baumgard L H, Bu D P. 2017. The effects of heat stress on protein metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 100, 5040–5049.
Ippolito D L, Lewis J A, Yu C, Leon L R, Stallings J D. 2014. Alteration in circulating metabolites during and after heat stress in the conscious rat: potential biomarkers of exposure and organ-specific injury. BMC Physiology, 14, 14.
Key N, Sneeringer S. 2014. Potential effects of climate change on the productivity of U.S. dairies. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96, 1–21.
Macheda M L, Williams E D, Best J D, Wlodek M E, Rogers S. 2003. Expression and localisation of GLUT1 and GLUT12 glucose transporters in the pregnant and lactating rat mammary gland. Cell and Tissue Research, 311, 91–97.
Mepham T B. 1982. Amino acid utilization by lactating mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science, 65, 287–298.
Monteiro A P, Guo J R, Weng X S, Ahmed B M, Hayen M J, Dah G E, Bernard J K, Tao S. 2016. Effect of maternal heat stress during the dry period on growth and metabolism of calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 3896–3907.
Naz S, Gallart-Ayala H, Reinke S N, Mathon C, Blankley R, Chaleckis R, Wheelock C E. 2017. Development of a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics method with high specificity for metabolite identification using all ion fragmentation acquisition. Analytical Chemistry, 89, 7933–7942.
NRC (National Research Council). 1971. A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Rhoads M L, Rhoads R P, VanBaale M J, Collier R J, Sanders S R, Weber W J, Crooker B A, Baumgard L H. 2009. Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows: I. Production, metabolism, and aspects of circulating somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 1986–1997.
Shwartz G, Rhoads M L, VanBaale M J, Rhoads R P, Baumgard L H. 2009. Effects of a supplemental yeast culture on heat-stressed lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 935–942.
Sobolewska A, Gajewska M, Joanna Z, Gajkowska B, Motyl T. 2009. IGF-I, EGF, and sex steroids regulate autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells via the mTOR pathway. European Journal of Cell Biology, 88, 117–130.
Sun H Z, Shi K, Wu X H, Xue M Y, Wei Z H, Liu J X, Liu H Y. 2017. Lactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids’ metabolomics relationships in dairy cows. BMC Genomics, 18, 936.
Sun R C, Denko N C. 2014. Hypoxic regulation of glutamine metabolism through HIF1 and SIAH2 supports lipid synthesis that is necessary for tumor growth. Cell Metabolism, 19, 285–292.
Tao S, Orellana R M, Weng X, Marins T N, Dahl G E, Bernard J K. 2018. Symposium review: The influences of heat stress on bovine mammary gland function. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 5642–5654.
Tian H, Wang W Y, Zheng N, Cheng J B, Li S L, Zhang Y D, Wang J Q. 2015. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and metabolic pathway shifts of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Journal of Proteomics, 125, 17–28.
Tian H, Zheng N, Wang W Y, Cheng J B, Li S L, Zhang Y D, Wang J Q. 2016. Integrated metabolomics study of the milk of
heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Scientific Reports, 6, 24208.
Wang J P, Bu D P, Wang J Q, Huo X K, Guo T J, Wei H Y. 2010. Effect of saturated fatty acid supplementation on production and metabolism indices in heat-stressed mid-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 4121–4127.
West J W. 2003. Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 86, 2131–2144.
Wetzel-Gastal D, Feitor F, Van Harten S, Sebastiana M, Sousa L M R, Cardoso L A. 2018. A genomic study on mammary gland acclimatization to tropical environment in the Holstein cattle. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 50, 187–195.
Wheelock J B, Rhoads R P, Vanbaale M J, Sanders S R, Baumgard L H. 2010. Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 644–655.
Wohlgemuth S E, Ramirez-Lee Y, Tao S, Monteiro A P A, Ahmed B M, Dahl G E. 2016. Short communication: Effect of heat stress on markers of autophagy in the mammary gland during the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science, 99, 1–6.
Xu B, Chen M J, Ji X L, Yao M M, Mao Z L, Zhou K, Xia Y K, Han X, Tang W. 2015. Metabolomic profiles reveal key metabolic changes in heat stress-treated mouse Sertoli cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 29, 1745–1752.
|
No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|