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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2019, Vol. 18 Issue (5): 958-969    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61997-5
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Morphological diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypes and quality traits of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections
ZHANG Da-zhong1*, Rabia Begum Panhwar1*, LIU Jia-jia1, GONG Xiang-wei1, LIANG Ji-bao2, LIU Min-xuan3, LU Ping3, GAO Xiao-li1, FENG Bai-li1  
1 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China
2 Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shenmu City, Shenmu 719000, P.R.China
3 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
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Abstract  
Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections.  In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage.  These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage.  Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest.  Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection.  Correlations between all traits were also analyzed.  Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index (H´) of hull color was the highest (1.588) followed by the H´ of inflorescence density (0.984).  However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower.  The H´ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content (2.092), 1 000-seed weight (2.073), top3 leaves area (2.070), main stem diameter (2.056), and plant height (2.052).  Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900.  After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components.  Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened.  Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits.  In conclusion, the core collections can be used as basis for discriminating among proso millet cultivars based on related traits and for further studies on millet with rich genetic diversity, good representation, and significant collection between traits.
Keywords:  proso millet        phenotypic traits        quality        diversity        correlation        evaluation  
Received: 05 February 2018   Accepted:
Corresponding Authors:  Correspondence FENG Bai-li, Tel/Fax: +86-29-87082889, E-mail: fengbaili@nwsuaf.edu.cn   
About author:  ZHANG Da-zhong, Tel: +86-29-87082889, E-mail: zdz1727697945 @163.com; Rabia Begum Panhwar, E-mail: 1936778928@qq.com;

Cite this article: 

ZHANG Da-zhong, Rabia Begum Panhwar, LIU Jia-jia, GONG Xiang-wei, LIANG Ji-bao, LIU Minxuan, LU Ping, GAO Xiao-li, FENG Bai-li. 2019. Morphological diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypes and quality traits of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18(5): 958-969.

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