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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2017, Vol. 16 Issue (11): 2357-2374    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61608-8
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Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways: A review
Sajid Hussain, ZHANG Jun-hua, ZHONG Chu, ZHU Lian-feng, CAO Xiao-chuang, YU Sheng-miao, Allen Bohr James, HU Ji-jie, JIN Qian-yu
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, P.R.China
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Abstract  Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly susceptible to the rhizosphere salinity than other cereals.  High sensitivity has been observed, mainly at vegetative and reproductive stages in rice.  It is the duty of plant physiologists to comprehend the growth, development, and physiological processes of rice plants under stress.  This paper includes the overview of rice growth and developmental processes influenced by salt stress and the regulation pathways involved in these processes.  It also includes the promising salt tolerance strategies, i.e., genetic modification techniques, agronomic practices to improve rice growth, yield, and role of phytohormones and their management, especially inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis by using inhibitors 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).  Rice cultivation may be a first choice for improvement of salt tolerance through plant growth regulators and improved cultivation techniques.  This study will significantly improve the understanding toward low rice grain yield and poor rice resistance under salt stress and will also stream scientific knowledge for effective utilization of salt affected soils by using different regulating ways.  
Keywords:  rice        salt stress        ethylene        1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)        physiology  
Received: 31 October 2016   Accepted:
Fund: 

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (LY13C130007), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200801), and the Basic Research Foundation of National Commonweal Research Institute, China (2014RG004-5).

Corresponding Authors:  Correspondence JIN Qian-yu, Tel/Fax: +86-571-63370122, E-mail: jinqianyu@caas.cn; ZHANG Jun-hua, Tel/Fax: +86-571-63370122, E-mail: zhangjunhua@caas.cn   
About author:  Sajid Hussain, E-mail: Sajid_2077uaf@yahoo.com;

Cite this article: 

Sajid Hussain, ZHANG Jun-hua, ZHONG Chu, ZHU Lian-feng, CAO Xiao-chuang, YU Sheng-miao, Allen Bohr James, HU Ji-jie, JIN Qian-yu. 2017. Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and the regulating ways: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(11): 2357-2374.

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