|
|
|
|
|
| Ground cover management and farmyard manure effects on soil nitrogen dynamics, productivity and economics of organically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. subsp. secalina) |
| Manojlovi? Maja1, ?abilovski Ranko1, Nikoli? Ljiljana1, D?igurski Dejana1, Šeremeši? Sr?an1, Bavec Martina2 |
1 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
2 Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Ground cover management and farmyard manure (FYM) management have important roles in organic lettuce production. However, there is not enough information about their combined effects. In order to assess the effects of individual and combined ground cover and FYM management on soil mineral N (NH4-N and NO3-N) dynamics, lettuce yield and economics in organic farming, a two-year field experiment was conducted on a certified organic farm in Kisa? (Vojvodina, Serbia). The experiment had a two-factorial split-plot completely randomized block design. FYM was applied on the half of the experimental field as a whole-plot factor, while ground cover management included the following four treatments: (I) control, without ground cover management (Ø); (II) hoeing (H); (III) agrotextile cover; (IV) straw mulch (SM), which were applied on split plots. The applied SM and AT increased soil moisture by 12.83 and 3.73%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. FYM increased soil mineral N concentration, the lettuce fresh matter (FM) yield and nitrate concentration in lettuce. However, nitrate concentration in lettuce in all treatments was below the limit required by the European Commission (EC) (2001). The highest lettuce yield was obtained by AT (39 122 kg), followed by SM (33 925 kg), and it was higher with FYM application by 16.85%. Hoeing did not positively affect the yield, probably due to its negative effect on soil moisture. Additional profit was higher with FYM, showing the following decreasing order: AT>H>SM>Ø. However, value/cost ratio (VCR) was in the order Ø>H>SM>AT on FYM fertilized plots. FYM application led to higher lettuce yield and higher profit and VCR. In case a farm does not have FYM, SM is the best alternative due to its positive effect on the yield and low investment costs.
|
|
Received: 18 September 2016
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (TR 31027). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Maja Manojlovi?, Tel: +381-21-4853371, Fax: +381-21-459761, E-mail: maja.manojlovic@polj.uns.ac.rs
|
Cite this article:
Manojlovi? Maja, ?abilovski Ranko, Nikoli? Ljiljana, D?igurski Dejana, ?ereme?i? Sr?an, Bavec Martina.
2017.
Ground cover management and farmyard manure effects on soil nitrogen dynamics, productivity and economics of organically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. subsp. secalina). Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(04): 947-958.
|
| Abbasi K, Hina M, Khalique A, Khan R S. 2007. Mineralization of three organic manures used as nitrogen source in a soil incubated under laboratory conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38, 1691–1711.Akram Qazi M, Akram M, Ahmad N, Artiola J F, Tuller M. 2009. Economical and environmental implications of solid waste compost applications. Waste Management, 29, 2437–2445.Alodele O J, Oladapo M O, Omotoso S O. 2007. Fertilizer sector liberalization: Effects on the profitability of nitrogen fertilizer application in egusi, okra and tomato production in Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 81–86.Bàrberi P. 2002. Weed management in organic agriculture: are we addressing the right issues? Weed Research, 42, 177–193. Brault D, Stewart K A, Jenni S. 2002. Growth, development, and yield of head lettuce cultivated on paper and polyethylene mulch. HortScience, 37, 92–94.Bulluck L R, Brosius M, Evanylo G K, Ristaino J B. 2002. Organic and synthetic fertility amendments influence soil microbial, physical and chemical properties on organic and conventional farms. Applied Soil Ecology, 19, 147–160.?abilovski R, Manojlovi? M, Bogdanovi? D, Rodi? V, Bavec M. 2011. Fertilization economy in organic lettuce production. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35, 745–756.Dahiya R, Ingwersen J, Streck T. 2007. The effect of mulching and tillage on the water and temperature regimes of a loess soil: Experimental findings and modeling. Soil and Tillage Research, 96, 52–63.Dahiya R, Malik R S, Jhorar B S. 2003. Effect of sugarcane trash and enriched sugarcane trash mulches on ratoon cane yield and soil properties. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 51, 504–508.Dvo?ák P, Tomášek J, Kuchtová P, Hamouz K, Hajšlová J, Schuzová V. 2012. Effect of mulching materials on potato production in different soil-climatic conditions. Romanian Agricultural Research, 29, 201–209. Egner H, Riehm H, Domingo W R. 1960. Investigations of the chemical soil analysis as a basis for the evaluation of nutrient status in soil. II. Chemical extraction methods for phosphorus and potassium determination. Kungliga Lantbrukshögskolans Annaler, 26, 195–215. (in German)European Commission (EC). 1991. Directive of 12th December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural ources (91/676/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities. L375, 1-8.European Commission (EC). 1999. Council Regulation (EC) No 1804/1999 of 19 July 1999 supplementing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs to include livestock production. Official Journal the European Communities, L22, 1–28.European Commission (EC). 2001. Commission regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 of 8 March 2001, setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L77, 1–13.Fischer-Arndt M T, Köpke U. 2007. Effect of weed management strategies on the risk of enteric pathogen transfer into the food chain and lettuce quality. In: Proceedings of the 3rd QLIF Congress. Hohenheim, Germany. March 20–23. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Switzerland.Forster D, Adamtey N, Messmer M M, Pfiffner L, Baker B, Huber B, Niggli U. 2013. Organic agriculture-driving innovations in crop research. In: Bhullar G, Bhullar N, eds., Agricultural Sustainability, Progress and Prospects in Crop Research. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 21–46.Gajri P R, Arora V K, Chaudhary M R. 1994. Maize growth responses to deep tillage, straw mulching and farmyard manure in coarse textured soils of NW India. Soil Use and Management, 10, 15–19.Gomiero T, Pimentel D, Paoletti M G. 2011. Environmental impact of different agricultural management practices: Conventional vs. organic agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30, 95–124. Halliday D J, Trenkel M E. 1992. IFA World Fertilizer Use Manual. International Fertilizer Industry Association, Paris. Jenni S, Brault D, Stewart K A. 2004. Degradable mulch as an alternative for weed control in lettuce produced on organic soils. Acta Horticulturae, 638, 111–118.Ji S, Unger P W. 2001. Soil water accumulation under different precipitation, potential evaporation, and straw mulch conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 442–448. Jodaugien? D, Pupalien? R, Urbonien? M, Pranckietis V, Pranckietien? I. 2006. The impact of different types of organic mulches on weed emergence. Agronomy Research, 4, 197–201.Johnson C M, Ulrich A. 1950. Determination of nitrate in plant material. Analytical Chemistry, 22, 1526–1529.Jordán A, Zavala L M, Muñoz-Rojas M. 2011. Mulching, effects on soil physical properties. In: Gliński J, Horabik J, Lipiec J, eds., Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Springer, Netherlands. pp. 492–496.Kar G, Kumar A. 2007. Effects of irrigation and straw mulch on water use and tuber yield of potato in eastern India. Agricultural Water Management, 94, 109–116.Kosterna E. 2014. The effect of covering and mulching on the temperature and moisture of soil and broccoli yield. Acta Agrophysica, 21, 165–178.Kristiansen P E, Sindel B M, Jessop R S. 2008. Weed management in organic echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 23, 120–135.Larney F J, Angers D A. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 92, 19–38. Larney F J, Blackshaw R E. 2003. Weed seed viability incomposted beef cattle feedlot manure. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32, 1105–1113. Larney F J, Sullivan D M, Buckley K E, Eghball B. 2006. The role of composting in recycling manure nutrients. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 86, 597–611.Leary J, Defrank J. 2000. Living mulches for organic farming systems. HortTechnology, 10, 639–698.Li Y Y, Pang H C, Han X F, Yan S W, Zhao Y G, Wang J, Zhai Z, Zhang J L. 2006. Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15, 1602–1611. Manojlovi? M, A?in V, Šeremeši? S. 2008. Long-term effects of agronomic practices on the soil organic carbon sequestration in Chernozem. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 54, 353–367.Manojlovi? M, Cabilovski R, Bavec M. 2010. Organic materials: sources of nitrogen in organic production of lettuce. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestery, 34, 163–172.Melander B, Holst N, Rasmussen I A, Hansen P K. 2012. Direct control of perennial weeds between crops - Implications for organic farming. Crop Protection, 40, 36–42.Merwin I A, Stiles W C. 1994. Orchard groundcover management impacts on soil physical properties. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 119, 216–222.Mikha M M, Vigil M F, Liebig M A, Bowman R A, McConkey B, Deibert E J, Pikul J L. 2006. Cropping system influences on soil chemical properties and soil quality in the Great Plains. Renewable Agric Food Systems, 21, 26–35. Moreira M, Santos C, Lucas A, Bianchini F, Souza I, Viégas P. 2014. Lettuce production according to different sources of organic matter and soil cover. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 99–105. Mosaddeghi M R, Hajabbasi M A, Hemmat A, Afyuni, M. 2000. Soil compactibility as affected by soil moisture content and farmyard manure in central Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 55, 87–97.Ngouajio M, McGiffen Jr M E, Hutchinson C M. 2003. Effect of cover crop and management system on weed populations in lettuce. Crop Protection, 22, 57–64.Van Noordwijk M, Scholten H M. 1994. Effects of fertilizer price on feasibility of efficiency improvement: Case stady for an urea injector for lowland rice. Fertilizer Research, 39, 1–9.Pavlou G C, Ehaliotis C D, Kavvadias V A. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae, 111, 319–325.Pervaiz Z, Hussain K, Kazmi S S H, Gill K H. 2004. Agronomic efficiency of different N:P ratios in rain fed wheat. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 455–457.Schwartz R C, Baumhardt R L, Evett S R. 2010. Tillage effects on soil water redistribution and bare soil evaporation throughout a season. Soil and Tillage Research, 110, 221–229.Shukla M K, Lal R, Ebinger M. 2003. Tillage effects on physical and hydrological properties of a typic Argiaquoll in central Ohio. Soil Science, 168, 802–811.Skuodien? R, Kar?auskien? D, Repšien? R. 2016. The influence of primary soil tillage, deep loosening and organic fertilizers on weed incidence in crops. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 103, 135–142.Tu C, Ristaino J B, Hu S. 2006. Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems: Effects of organic inputs and straw mulching. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38, 247–255.Tüzel Y, Öztekin G B, Duyar H, E?iyok D, Kiliç Ö G, Anaç D, Kayikçio?lu H H. 2011. Effects of some organic fertilizers and agryl cover on yield, quality and leaf nutrient content and soil productivity in organic lettuce growing. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17, 190–203.Wadas W. 2016. Using non-woven polypropylene covers in potato production: A review. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 17, 734–748.Watson C A, Atkinson D, Gosling P, Jackson L R, Rayns F W. 2002. Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems. Soil Use and Management, 18(suppl.1), 239–247. Wehrmann J, Scharpf H C. 1979. Der mineralstickstoffgehalt des bodens als massstab für den stickstoffdüngungsbedarf (Nmin-Methode). Plant Soil, 52, 109–126. (in German)Zhang J, Yang J, Yao R, Yu S, Li F, Hou X. 2014. The effects of farmyard manure and mulch on soil physical properties in a reclaimed coastal tidal flat salt-affected soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13, 1782–1790. |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
