|
|
|
|
|
| Biodegrading Wheat Bran with Agaricus blazei and Its Effects on Intestinal Development Identified with Mice |
| SHEN Heng-sheng, CHEN Jun-chen, LI Yi-bin, Ting Zhou |
1.Agri-Food Processing Research Center, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, P.R.China
2.Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph N1G 5C9, Canada |
|
|
|
摘要 Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies. The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded compounds, which may enrich the function of the food therapies. In this study, soluble compounds from the culture of A. blazei grown in liquid media with whole wheat bran and its water filtrate, respectively, were compared. Total soluble sugar, arabinoxylan, protein, and amino acids were significantly higher in the fungal culture resulted from the medium with whole wheat bran (43.54, 1.56, 0.59, and 2.19 mg mL-1, respectively) than that from the medium with the bran filtrate (17.28, 0.37, 0.13, and 1.13 mg mL-1, respectively). The biodegraded wheat bran with cultured mycelia was fed to Mus musculus Linnaeus as supplementation or as dietary fiber exclusive ingredient. As non-specific food therapies, feeding effects on mice intestinal development were indicated indirectly in growth performance, intestinal absorption and serum parameters. Compared to feeding uncultured wheat bran, feeding mice with culture mixes of A. blazei resulted in remarkably increase in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, which were increased by 25.4 and 31.0%, respectively, when applied as supplementation, and by 44.3 and 43.4%, respectively, when applied as dietary fiber. These increases are concomitant with the higher level of D-xylose in blood serum about 16.9 and 29.2% as supplementation and dietary fiber, respectively. The results implying that culturing A. blazei with whole wheat bran enhanced extracellular metabolism of the fungus and extensive degradation of wheat bran insoluble fibrous compounds. Furthermore, feeding the culture mix including metabolites and degraded wheat bran improved intestinal villus development, proving the nutritional benefits of the A. blazei mycelial cultures.
Abstract Agaricus blazei Murill is a well known edible/medicinal mushroom used for immune-nutrient food therapies. The biodegradation of different substrates with this fungus may result in different metabolites and degraded compounds, which may enrich the function of the food therapies. In this study, soluble compounds from the culture of A. blazei grown in liquid media with whole wheat bran and its water filtrate, respectively, were compared. Total soluble sugar, arabinoxylan, protein, and amino acids were significantly higher in the fungal culture resulted from the medium with whole wheat bran (43.54, 1.56, 0.59, and 2.19 mg mL-1, respectively) than that from the medium with the bran filtrate (17.28, 0.37, 0.13, and 1.13 mg mL-1, respectively). The biodegraded wheat bran with cultured mycelia was fed to Mus musculus Linnaeus as supplementation or as dietary fiber exclusive ingredient. As non-specific food therapies, feeding effects on mice intestinal development were indicated indirectly in growth performance, intestinal absorption and serum parameters. Compared to feeding uncultured wheat bran, feeding mice with culture mixes of A. blazei resulted in remarkably increase in villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, which were increased by 25.4 and 31.0%, respectively, when applied as supplementation, and by 44.3 and 43.4%, respectively, when applied as dietary fiber. These increases are concomitant with the higher level of D-xylose in blood serum about 16.9 and 29.2% as supplementation and dietary fiber, respectively. The results implying that culturing A. blazei with whole wheat bran enhanced extracellular metabolism of the fungus and extensive degradation of wheat bran insoluble fibrous compounds. Furthermore, feeding the culture mix including metabolites and degraded wheat bran improved intestinal villus development, proving the nutritional benefits of the A. blazei mycelial cultures.
|
|
Received: 30 November 2010
Accepted:
|
| Fund: This work is financially supported by the Provincial Finance Special Funding for the Research and Technology Innovation Grant of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China (STIF-Y05). |
|
Corresponding Authors:
Correspondence Ting Zhou, E-mail: ting.zhou@agr.gc.cn
E-mail: ting.zhou@agr.gc.cn
|
| About author: SHEN Heng-sheng, Tel: +86-591-83839006, E-mail: hsh87@hotmail.com |
Cite this article:
SHEN Heng-sheng, CHEN Jun-chen, LI Yi-bin, Ting Zhou.
2012.
Biodegrading Wheat Bran with Agaricus blazei and Its Effects on Intestinal Development Identified with Mice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 12(3): 456-464.
|
| [1]Douglas S G. 1981. A rapid method for the determination of pentosans in wheat flour. Food Chemistry, 7, 139-145. [2]Ellertsen L K, Hetland G, Johnson E, Grinde B. 2006. Effect of a medicinal extract from Agaricus blazei Murill on gene expression in a human monocyte cell line as examined by microarrays and immuno assays. International Immunopharmacology, 6, 133-143. [3]Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Lombardo G. 2008. The medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill: Review of literature and pharmaco-toxicological problems. Evidence-based Complement Alternative Medicine, 5, 3-15. [4]Gabriella D L, Patroni E, Quaglia G B. 1997. Improving the nutritional value of wheat bran by a white-rot fungus. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 32, 513-519. [5]Hamedi A, Vahid H, Ghanati F. 2007. Optimization of the medium composition for production of mycelial biomass and exo-polysaccharide by Agaricus blazei Murill DPPh 131 using response-surface methodology. Biotechnology, 6, 456-464. [6]Hofrichter M, Ullrich R. 2006. Heme-thiolate haloperoxidases: versatile biocatalysts with biotechnological and environmental significance. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 71, 276-288. [7]Izawa S, Inoue Y. 2004. A screening system for antioxidants using thioredoxin-deficient yeast: discovery of thermostable antioxidant activity from Agaricus blazei Murill. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64, 537-542. [8]Kim H H, Na J G, Chang Y K, Chun G T, Lee S J, Jeong Y H. 2004. Optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides production by Agaricus blazei. Journal of Microbiological Biotechnology, 14, 944-951. [9]Kim Y, Kim K, Choi H, Lee D. 2005. Anti-diabetic activity of bglucans and their enzymatically hydrolyzed o l i g o s a c c h a r i d e s f r o m A g a r i c u s b l a z e i . Biotechnological Letter, 27, 483-487. [10]Lin X, Jiang X, Lin R, Chen J. 2007. Correlations between extracellular enzyme levels and fruit body yields in strains of Agaricus blazei Murill. ACTA Edible Fungi 14, 24-28. (in Chinese) [11]Liu G, Wang X. 2007. Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for biomass and extracellular polysaccharide production by Agaricus blazei. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 74, 78-83. [12]Locci E, Laconi S, Pompei R, Scano P, Lai A, Marincola F C. 2008. Wheat bran biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus: A solid-state Carbon-13 NMR study. Bioresource Technology, 99, 4279-4284. [13]Mathlouthi N, Saulnier L, Quemener B, Larbier M. 2002. Xylanase, beta-glucanase, and other side enzymatic activities have greater effects on the viscosity of several feedstuffs than xylanase and beta-glucanase used alone or in combination. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 5121-5127. [14]Mizuno M, Minato K, Ito H, Kawade M, Terai H, Tsuchida H. 1999. Anti-tumor polysaccharide from the mycelium of liquid-cultured Agaricus blazei Mill. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, 47, 707-714. [15]Ni X, Ding X, Pan Y, Liang L, You C. 2001. Activity changes of nine extracellular enzymes from Agaricus blazei cultivated on cotton seed hull and wheat straw composts. Mycosystema, 20, 222-227. (in Chinese) [16]Okhuoya J A, Akpaja E O, Ohenekaro O. 2005. Cultivation of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) singer on sawdust of selected tropical tree species. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 7, 440-441. [17]Padilha M M, Avila A A L, Sousa P J C, Cardos L G V, Perazzo F F, Carvalho J C T. 2009. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and alkaline extracts from mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill). Journal of Medicinal Food, 12, 359-364. [18]Shen H, Chen J, Tang B, Tsao R, Yang R, Den L, Wang J. 2006. Effects of bio-treatments on desilicification for im proving rice straw degradability. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 39, 406-411. (in Chinese) [19]Silva E, Machuca A, Milagres A M. 2005. Effect of cereal brans on Lentinula edodes growth and enzyme activities during cultivation on forestry waste. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 40, 283-288. [20]Soares A A, Souza C G M, Daniel F M, Ferrari G P, Costa S M G, Peralta R M. 2009. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Agaricus brasiliensis (Agaricus blazei Murril) in two stages of maturity. Food chemistry, 112, 775-781. [21]Tang B, Chen J, Shen H, Wu L, Li Y. 2009. Effect of solid fermentation with Agaricus blazei Murill for wheat bran on insoluble dietary fiber. Food and Nutrition in China, 12, 26-28. (in Chinese) [22]Ullrich R, Huong L M, Dung N L, Hofrichter M. 2005. Laccase from the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei: production, purification and characterization. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 67, 357-363. [23]Watanabe T, Nakajima Y, Konishi T. 2008. In vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant activity of hot water extract of Basidiomycetes-X, newly identified edible fungus. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 31, 111-117. [24]Yu C, Kan S, Shu C, Lu T, Lucy S, Wang P S. 2009. Inhibitory mechanisms of Agaricus blazei Murill on the growth of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 20, 753-764. [25]Ziliotto L P, Barbisan F, Rodrigues L F, Marchesan M A. 2009. Screening for in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of the mushroom Agaricus blazei. Nutrition and Cancer, 61, 245-250. [26]Zhang L, Wang S, Gong H, Shen H, Lin F, Miao F. 2007. Effects of polysaccharides fractionized from submerged Agaricus blazei Murill culture on the proliferation of lymphoid cells in mice. Journal of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 36, 72-76. (in Chinese) [27]Zhang L, Shen H, Wang S, Fang G, Qiu H, Feng Y, Dong Z, Hong J. 2008a. Effects of submerged fermentation products of Agaricus blazei Murill on digestion and immunity for Weaned Piglets. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23, 31-34. (in Chinese) [28]Zhang L, Wang S, Shen H, Miao F, Gong H, Lin F, Feng Y. 2008b. Effects of submerged fermentation products of Agaricus blazei Murill on digestion and specific immunity for mice. Journal of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 37, 80-83. (in Chinese) |
| No Suggested Reading articles found! |
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
