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1. JIA-2022-0857 根区穴施通过减少潜在的氮损失和增加矿质氮的积累来提高玉米产量和氮利用
SHI Wen-xuan, ZHANG Qian, LI Lan-tao, TAN Jin-fang, XIE Ruo-han, WANG Yi-lun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1184-1198.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.018
摘要248)      PDF    收藏

减少环境影响和提高氮利用率对确保中国的粮食安全至关重要。根区施肥已被认为是提高氮肥利用率(NUE)的有效策略,但在根区施肥条件下,控释尿素(CRU)与普通尿素掺混对夏玉米田的影响仍不清楚。因此,本研究进行了为期3年的田间试验,以不氮为对照,采用两种施肥模式(FF:人工开沟施,即农民施肥习惯HF:人工点播的根区穴施),每公顷施氮量210 kg hm-2(控释尿素普通尿素的混合比例为55),同时进行了一年的原位微试验。研究了不同施肥模式下的玉米产量、氮利用率和潜在氮损失。结果表明,FF相比HF处理在三年内使平均产量和氮素回收效率分别提高了8.522.3%相比之下HF具有更大的应用潜力,且显著提高了干物质积累、总氮吸收、SPAD值和LAI。此外,相比于FFHF使来自肥料的15N积累提高了17.2%15N的潜在损失减少了43.8%。收获时,HF处理FF增加了土壤耕层中矿质氮的积累,以便在下一季使用。因此,HF可以满足夏玉米对氮的需求,维持产量,提高NUE,同时减少环境中的氮损失。总的来说,根区穴施条件下控释尿素掺混普通尿素一种有效前景施肥模式有助于实现华北平原的环境完整性和粮食安全,值得进一步应用和研究。

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2. 甜菊SrUGT76G1上游负调控因子SrMYB1的克隆与功能研究
ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Yong-xia, SUN Yu-ming, XU Xiao-yang, WANG Yin-jie, CHONG Xin-ran, YANG Yong-heng and YUAN Hai-yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1058-1067.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.03.001
摘要212)      PDF    收藏

SrUGT76G1对于合成优质甜菊糖苷至关重要,也是目前甜菊中研究最为深入的糖基转移酶基因,但是关于它的转录调控机制目前还不甚了解。本研究通过酵母单杂交手段鉴定得到了一个SrUGT76G1的上游调控因子SrMYB1SrMYB1属于典型的R2R3类型的MYB类转录因子,其定位在细胞核并且具有转录激活活性。SrMYB1在花中的表达量较高而在叶片中较低。酵母单杂(Y1H)和凝胶阻滞(EMSA)实验证实SrMYB1可以结合在SrUGT76G1启动子的+50-141区域即F4-3区段。进一步研究发现在烟草表皮细胞和甜菊愈伤组织中SrMYB1均可显著抑制SrUGT76G1的表达。综上所述,本研究不但发现了一个SrUGT76G1的潜在上游调控因子并且丰富了甜菊中糖苷代谢途径的调控网络。

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3. JIA-2022-0593 苹果细胞质膜蔗糖转运蛋白MdSUT2.1的功能分析
ZHANG Bo, FAN Wen-min, ZHU Zhen-zhen, WANG Ying, ZHAO Zheng-yang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 762-775.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.012
摘要267)      PDF    收藏

糖含量决定着苹果甜度,然而苹果果实中蔗糖积累的分子机制仍然难以捉摸。本文报道了蔗糖转运蛋白MdSUT2.1在苹果果实蔗糖积累调控中的作用。MdSUT2.1基因编码一种由612个氨基酸残基构成的蛋白质。当在烟叶原生质体中表达时,该蛋白质定位于细胞质膜。MdSUT2.1在果实中高表达并与果实发育过程中的蔗糖积累呈正相关。此外,MdSUT2.1的蔗糖转运活性通过酵母突变体的生长互补实验得到验证。与WT相比,在苹果和番茄中过表达MdSUT2.1导致蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量显着增加。进一步分析表明,与WT相比,过表达MdSUT2.1的苹果和番茄中糖代谢和转运相关基因SUSYsNINVsFRKsHXKsTSTs的表达水平均提高。与液泡膜糖转运蛋白MdTST1MdTST2不同,MdSUT2.1的启动子不能被外源糖诱导。这些发现为苹果果实糖分积累的分子机制提供了有价值的见解。

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4. JIA-2021-1935 鸡源大肠杆菌共存blaCTX-M-3blaKPC-2blaTEM-1B耐药基因IncN型质粒的特性
WANG Wen-jing, WANG Yi-fu, JIN Ya-jie, SONG Wu-qiang, LIN Jia-meng, ZHANG Yan, TONG Xin-ru, TU Jian, LI Rui-chao, LI Tao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 320-324.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.075
摘要338)      PDF    收藏

目的:分析我国鸡源重要致病菌大肠杆菌耐药性及耐药基因,解析潜在的水平扩散风险。方法:规模化养鸡场棉拭子泄殖腔取样,麦康凯培养基分离单菌,Phoenix-100 全自动细菌鉴定/药敏系统鉴定细菌种类,K-B纸片法检测目的细菌药物敏感性,牛津纳米孔测序技术构建细菌基因组精细图,生物信息学软件及平台解析基因环境及水平转移元件,细菌结合实验验证耐药基因扩散风险。结果201910-202010月,共采集671个泄殖腔样本,分离出302株大肠杆菌单菌,鉴定出一株广泛耐药(An extensively drug-resistant, XDR)大肠杆菌(命名为258E)。MLST分析结果表明,大肠杆菌258E属于ST602型,该分型目前仅见于国外文献报道。K-B纸片法检测结果显示,258E菌株对磷霉素、四环素、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类、利福霉素、甲氧苄啶、大环内酯类和头孢菌素类药物均表现出高度耐药。全基因组测序结果表明,大肠杆菌258E染色体全长4,715,664 bp,含有三个质粒(pEC258-1、pEC258-2、pEC258-3,其中pEC258-1和 pEC258-2不含有常见耐药基因,而pEC258-3除了含有常见耐药基因,如qnrS1、 dfrA14、 arr-3acc (6')-Ib等,还含有blaCTX-M-3、 blaKPC-2blaTEM-1B三个重要的耐药基因。质粒分型结果表明,pEC258-3为ST7型,属于质粒不相容群N (incompatibility group N, IncN)。同源性分析结果显示pEC258-3序列与人源肺炎克雷伯菌质粒pCRKP-1-KPC同源性高达99.96%,其不同之处在于:相对pEC258-3,pCRKP-1-KPC质粒在31kb-32kb位点缺失了一个整合酶TinR蛋白编码框。细菌结合实验证实,pEC258-3可使得宿主菌显著提高药物敏感性。同时,流行病学溯源分析结果显示,大肠杆菌258E与英国菌株具有相近的亲缘关系。结论:本研究第一次报道了一株动物源ST602型广泛耐药大肠杆菌,其所含有的质粒可介导宿主菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性,暗示其潜在的耐药性水平扩散风险,也间接证明动物源细菌是耐药性基因的重要储存库和风险传播源头之一。

创新性:本论文是我国第一例动物源ST602型广泛耐药大肠杆菌的报道,丰富和充实了“同一健康” 框架下细菌耐药性对人类公共健康的风险研究。

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5. 小麦抗旱相关基因TaPYL4的功能分析及标记开发
WU Bang-bang, SHI Meng-meng, Mohammad POURKHEIRANDISH, ZHAO Qi, WANG Ying, YANG Chen-kang, QIAO Ling, ZHAO Jia-jia, YAN Su-xian, ZHENG Xing-wei, ZHENG Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2183-2196.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63699-7
摘要213)      PDF    收藏

本文研究TaPYL4中国小麦种质的单元型分布及其遗传效应。通过克隆小麦TaPYL4ABD基因组序列并分析差异信息,表明TaPYL4-2A启动子区含有3种单元型,TaPYL4-2BTaPYL4-2D含有2种单元型。利用262份中国小麦微核心种质和239份山西省小麦品种()进行候选基因关联分析,结果表明TaPYL4-2A与株高和抗旱系数DTC)显著相关,PYL4-2A-Hap2降低株高、增加DTC优异单元型TaPYL4-2B与穗粒数显著相关PYL4-2B-Hap1是增加穗粒数的优异单元型在育种过程中受到人工选择


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6. Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’) cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (AcAPX1 and AcAPX2) enhance salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
GUO Xiu-hong, HE Yan, ZHANG Yu, WANG Yi, HUANG Sheng-xiong, LIU Yong-sheng, LI Wei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1058-1070.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63652-3
摘要144)      PDF    收藏

高等植物中,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)在清除活性氧的过程中发挥重要作用。中华猕猴桃因富含维生素C而成为具有重要经济和营养价值的园艺作物,其APX的相关研究及报道甚少。本研究分离鉴定出中华猕猴桃‘红阳’的两个细胞质APX基因(AcAPX1AcAPX2)。两个基因的时空表达模式研究发现,两者分别在叶和根中表达量相对较高。氯化钠处理猕猴桃的根可以提高二者的转录水平。利用GFP融合蛋白的亚细胞定位分析显示两个蛋白均定位于细胞质中。两个基因的his标签重组蛋白成功得以原核表达,并测定出酶活。最后,两个基因在拟南芥中过表达可在盐胁迫处理下提高维生素C和谷胱甘肽的含量。我们的研究揭示了中华猕猴桃细胞质APX可保护猕猴桃免受环境不良刺激。


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7. Incidence and prevalence levels of three aphid-transmitted viruses in crucifer crops in China
ZHANG Xiao-yan, PENG Yan-mei, XIANG Hai-ying, WANG Ying, LI Da-wei, YU Jia-lin, HAN Cheng-gui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 774-780.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63618-3
摘要235)      PDF    收藏

马铃薯卷叶病毒属病毒在世界范围内广泛分布,能够侵染多种经济作物引起严重病害。芸薹黄化病毒(Brassica yellows virus, BrYV)是在我国鉴定出的一种马铃薯卷叶病毒属的新病毒,主要侵染十字花科作物。该病毒主要包含三种基因型,分别为A、B和C,目前关于该种病毒在我国的发生分布情况尚不清楚,本研究主要对芸薹黄化病毒三种基因型在我国十字花科作物上的发生分布情况进行调查。2014-2018年,对采自我国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的570份十字花科作物的样品进行RT-PCR检测。结果表明:共有97份样品检测到BrYV侵染,病毒平均发生率为17.0%。共有22个省(自治区、直辖市)的样品中检测到BrYV的侵染,其中在我国的华北地区、西北地区和东北地区有相对较高的病毒发生率。进一步利用多重RT-PCR检测方法对BrYV的三种基因型进行检测,在97份BrYV侵染的样品中:61.9%的样品受单种基因型的侵染,29.9%的样品受两种基因型的复合侵染,8.2%的样品受三种基因型的复合侵染;A、B和C三种基因型的检出率分别为39.2%、40.2%和67.0%。以上研究表明,BrYV在我国的十字花科作物上发生分布比较普遍,北方地区要比南方地区各省病毒发生率高。BrYV发生存在单基因型侵染和多种基因型复合侵染的现象,C基因型具有相对较高的发生率,为优势基因型。并且本研究还发现BrYV与其它两种蚜传病毒芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)在十字花科作物上普遍发生复合侵染的现象。本研究首次对BrYV在我国的十字花科作物上的发生分布情况展开大量调查,研究结果将有助于该病毒病害的有效防控。



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8. JIA-2021-1061 复方中草药制剂对鸡毒支原体诱导的呼吸道炎症的拮抗作用
WANG Ying-jie, LIANG Ya-xi, HU Fu-li, SUN Ying-fei, ZOU Meng-yun, LUO Rong-long, PENG Xiu-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 3026-3036.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.038
摘要321)      PDF    收藏

鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)是引起鸡慢性呼吸道病(Chronic respiratory disease,CRD)的病原体,通过自身黏附蛋白吸附于宿主呼吸道上皮细胞,造成炎症损伤。MG 感染率极高,且常与其他病原微生物混合或继发感染,给家禽业造成巨大的经济损失。目前主要使用抗生素防治 MG 的感染,但抗生素的长期使用和滥用,极易引起大量耐药菌株产生,且造成产品中药物残留,严重威胁人类健康。近年来,新兴的中草药(CHM)被用于治疗CRD。中草药具有清热解毒、抗菌、提高机体抵抗力、毒副作用小以及不产生耐药性的独特优势,在临床实践中有很好的疗效。本试验使用的复方中药制剂(CHMF)由黄芩、鱼腥草、甘草等 10 种中草药组成。试验组共分 10 组,分别为:空白对照组,生理盐水对照组,MG感染组,泰妙菌素治疗组,中药预防和治疗高(1 g d-1)、中(0.75 g d-1)、低(0.5 g d-1)剂量组。通过体外抑菌试验和 MG 感染的防治试验确定其防治 CRD 的有效性,并在一定程度上探究其作用机制,为中药复方制剂防治 CRD 提供理论依据。在预防效果方面,CHMF能有效减轻MG引起的体重和饲料系数下降。组织病理学切片结果表明,预防和治疗CHMF均能明显缓解MG感染引起的严重呼吸道炎症。此外,与MG感染组相比,CHMF预防组和治疗组均能有效降低MG粘附蛋白(pMGA1.2)的表达,抑制MG的增殖和黏附,从而有效抑制MG诱导的炎症因子白介素1β (IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)的表达。综上所述,上述结果证实了CHMF能够保护雏鸡免受MG感染引起的组织损伤,且在短期内对雏鸡生产性能无不良影响。并且我们还发现CHMF对MG的疗效与泰妙菌素相当或优于泰妙菌素。综合本研究结果,该复方中药通过直接抑制或杀灭 MG,阻断MG的黏附,能有效缓解由 MG感染引起的生产性能下降,抑制 MG 感染引起的炎症反应。推荐该中药制剂预防和治疗 MG 感染的剂量为 1g d-1,连用 7d。

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9. 柑橘褪绿矮缩病毒在中国的发生、分布及其分子特性研究
YANG Zhen, ZHANG Lan, ZHAO Jin-fa, ZHANG Xing-kai, WANG Ying, LI Tai-sheng, ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Yan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 293-298.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63601-2
摘要125)      PDF    收藏

2009年在中国首次发现了柑橘褪绿矮缩病毒(CCDaV),该病毒在云南瑞丽造成柠檬大量发病、减产,损失严重。目前,CCDaV在中国其它柑橘种植省份的发生分布和流行趋势尚不清楚。为了系统掌握CCDaV在中国的发生分布及其分子特性,本研究于2017-2019年,从中国11个柑橘主要生产省份采集了1,772份柑橘样品,通过PCR检测发现,采自广西省、云南省和广东省的134份柑橘样品感染了CCDaV。其中感病品种分别为红宝石蜜柚(50.8%)、泰国青柚(24.0%)、尤力克柠檬(20.8%)、墨西哥莱檬(20.0%)、塔希提莱檬(18.2%)和三红蜜柚(3.2%)。在采集的甜橙、宽皮柑橘、杂柑、枳、葡萄柚和金柑等柑橘类型样品中均没有检测出CCDaV。与前期的研究结果相比,CCDaV在中国的发生区域正在逐步扩大,且感病品种的种类也在增加。此外,CCDaV在红宝石蜜柚、泰国青柚和三红蜜柚新梢上产生的症状其在尤力克柠檬上更为严重,除产生典型的“V”型叶,叶片扭曲、畸形,黄化外,CCDaV在上述3种柚类品种上还能产生严重的脉明症状。本研究选取了17CCDaV毒株与GenBank数据库中已知的15CCDaV毒株进行全系列分析,结果显示CCDaV的序列保守性高,所有 32CCDaV毒株的核苷酸相似性大约为99%-100%。系统发育树分析表明,CCDaV毒株间的亲缘关系与其采样地和寄主存在相关性。根据地理来源和寄主种类的差异,CCDaV毒株被划分成了4个不同的类群,其中中国和土耳其的CCDaV毒株属于不同的类群。此外,还首次证明中国的CCDaV毒株可能存在多个起源中心,且部分毒株可能来自泰国。本研究结果为明确CCDaV在中国的发生分布、流行规律,以及遗传演化提供了重要的理论依据。


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10. Effects of shading stress during the reproductive stages on photosynthetic physiology and yield characteristics of peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.)
WANG Yi-bo, HUANG Rui-dong, ZHOU Yu-fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1250-1265.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63442-6
摘要160)      PDF    收藏

在间作系统中,高位作物往往会对低位作物造成遮荫胁迫,从而影响低位作物的农艺特性。本研究探讨了遮荫胁迫下不同花生品种间光合、生理及产量变化的差异机制。在花生的生殖生长时期对4个花生品种S60、C4、P12和YS151进行77天的遮荫胁迫。结果表明,遮荫胁迫下,S60和P12的产量和干物重降低幅度均低于C4和YS151。遮荫胁迫下S60和P12的抗氧化酶活性高于C4和YS151。遮荫胁迫下,S60和P12的捕光能力高于C4和YS151,这与叶绿素a、b含量和叶绿素a/b比值的变化有关。遮荫胁迫下,C4和YS151的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率降低,而胞间CO2浓度升高。非气孔限制因子降低了遮荫胁迫下花生的光合能力。遮光胁迫下,S60和P12的PSII (Fv/Fm)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)的最大光化学效率均高于C4和YS151。以上结果表明,S60和P12在弱光环境中可以吸收更多的光能进行光合作用,并将多余的能量以热量的形式耗散,以提高其防光能力。本研究解释了造成遮荫胁迫下花生品种间抗逆性差异的机制,为耐荫品种的选择提供了生理参数。


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11. Divergent responses of tiller and grain yield to fertilization and fallow precipitation: Insights from a 28-year long-term experiment in a semiarid winter wheat system
WANG Rui, WANG Ying, HU Ya-xian, DANG Ting-hui, GUO Sheng-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 3003-3011.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63296-8
摘要156)      PDF    收藏

分蘖是冬小麦生长的重要过程,可以显著影响冬小麦的穗数及产量。夏季休闲(7~9月)是黄土高原地区冬小麦生产实践中一项重要的耕作制度,有助于保证该区域粮食安全。目前,探讨分蘖对施肥和休闲季降雨量的响应研究相对较少。本研究利用长期田间肥料试验(1990~2017)中4个典型处理(不施肥,单施氮肥,单施磷肥和氮磷肥配施),结合降雨年型(干旱年和湿润年)分析了施肥措施和休闲季降雨对冬小麦分蘖数的影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,单施磷肥显著增加冬小麦分蘖数(23%),并且湿润年增幅高于干旱年增幅(29% vs. 17%);氮磷肥配施中分蘖数多年平均增幅为30%,干旱年为17%,湿润年高达45%;单施氮肥对分蘖数无显著影响。干旱年中分蘖数与休闲季降雨存在显著的正相关关系,但湿润年分蘖数对休闲季降雨的响应在施肥措施间存在差异。不施肥和氮磷肥配施处理中,干旱年和湿润年休闲季降雨量增加均会促进冬小麦分蘖,而在单施氮肥和单施磷肥处理中,休闲季降雨量增加会抑制冬小麦分蘖。该研究结果揭示了休闲季降雨和肥料施用对冬小麦分蘖的影响,有助于深入探究雨养农业区域内冬小麦产量的变化特征。


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12. A case-based method of selecting covariates for digital soil mapping
LIANG Peng, QIN Cheng-zhi, ZHU A-xing, HOU Zhi-wei, FAN Nai-qing, WANG Yi-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 2127-2136.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62857-1
摘要116)      PDF    收藏
Selecting a proper set of covariates is one of the most important factors that influence the accuracy of digital soil mapping (DSM).  The statistical or machine learning methods for selecting DSM covariates are not available for those situations with limited samples.  To solve the problem, this paper proposed a case-based method which could formalize the covariate selection knowledge contained in practical DSM applications.  The proposed method trained Random Forest (RF) classifiers with DSM cases extracted from the practical DSM applications and then used the trained classifiers to determine whether each one potential covariate should be used in a new DSM application.  In this study, we took topographic covariates as examples of covariates and extracted 191 DSM cases from 56 peer-reviewed journal articles to evaluate the performance of the proposed case-based method by Leave-One-Out cross validation.  Compared with a novices’ commonly-used way of selecting DSM covariates, the proposed case-based method improved more than 30% accuracy according to three quantitative evaluation indices (i.e., recall, precision, and F1-score).  The proposed method could be also applied to selecting the proper set of covariates for other similar geographical modeling domains, such as landslide susceptibility mapping, and species distribution modeling.
 
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13. Alphaherpesvirus-vectored vaccines against animal diseases: Current progress
HU Yang, WANG Ming-shu, CHENG An-chun, JIA Ren-yong, YANG Qiao, WU Ying, LIU Ma-feng, ZHAO Xin-xin, ZHU De-kang, CHEN Shun, ZHANG Sha-qiu, WANG Yin, GAO Qun, OU Xu-min, MAO Sai, WEN Xing-jian, XU Zhi-wen, CHEN Zheng-li, ZHU Ling, LUO Qi-hui, TIAN Bin, PAN Lei-chang, Mujeeb Ur REHMAN, LIU Yun-ya, YU Yan-ling, ZHANG Ling, CHEN Xiao-yue
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 1928-1940.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63175-6
摘要242)      PDF    收藏

重组病毒活载体疫苗是一种能够有效激活特异性和非特异性免疫、可多联多价、安全性的新型疫苗。动物α疱疹病毒拥有较大的基因组,含有多个不影响病毒复制的非必需区,能够插入接受外源基因并表达相应抗原蛋白同时具有较广泛的宿主谱,能够在宿主体内复制并持续刺激动物产生对抗相应病原的免疫力,是作为重组病毒活载体疫苗的理想载体。随着基因编辑技术的发展,可通过多种方法构建能够表达外源基因的重组病毒。目前以动物α疱疹病毒为载体的重组病毒活载体疫苗研究已经涉及禽类、猪、牛、羊、伴侣动物等,目前成功构建的多株重组动物α疱疹病毒能免疫后可使动物同时获得对多种疾病的免疫。本文总结了重组动物α疱疹病毒构建方法、外源基因的引入和表达以及动物α疱疹病毒活载体疫苗免疫作用三个方面的内容,包括了最新的基因编辑技术、不同的构建策略及其优缺点、外源基因的选择、插入形式和位点等,并介绍了各动物α疱疹病毒活载体疫苗的最新研究进展,旨在为新型动物α疱疹病毒活载体疫苗的研究和开发提供一定的参考。

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14. Differentially expressed miRNAs in anthers may contribute to the fertility of a novel Brassica napus genic male sterile line CN12A
Dong Yun, Wang Yi, Jin Feng-wei, Xing Li-juan, Fang Yan, Zhang Zheng-ying, ZOU Jun-jie, Wang Lei, Xu Miao-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1731-1742.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62780-2
摘要95)      PDF    收藏
In Brassica napus L. (rapeseed), complete genic male sterility (GMS) plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.  Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential regulatory roles during bud development, knowledge of how GMS is regulated by miRNAs in rapeseed is rather limited.  In this study, we obtained a novel recessive GMS system, CN12AB.  The sterile line CN12A has defects in tapetal differentiation and degradation.  Illumina sequencing was employed to examine the expression of miRNAs in the buds of CN12A and the fertile line CN12B.  We identified 85 known miRNAs and 120 novel miRNAs that were expressed during rapeseed anther development.  When comparing the expression levels of miRNAs between CN12A and CN12B, 19 and 18 known miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in 0.5–1.0 mm buds and in 2.5–3.0 mm buds, respectively.  Among these, the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were higher and the levels of 23 miRNAs were lower in CN12A compared with CN12B.  The predicted target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs encode protein kinases, F-box domain-containing proteins, MADS-box family proteins, SBP-box gene family members, HD-ZIP proteins, floral homeotic protein APETALA 2 (AP2), and nuclear factor Y, subunit A.  These targets have previously been reported to be involved in pollen development and male sterility, suggesting that miRNAs might act as regulators of GMS in rapeseed anthers.  Furthermore, RT-qPCR data suggest that one of the differentially expressed miRNAs, bna-miR159, plays a role in tapetal differentiation by regulating the expression of transcription factor BnMYB101 and participates in tapetal degradation and influences callose degradation by manipulating the expression of BnA6.  These findings contribute to our understanding of the roles of miRNAs during anther development and the occurrence of GMS in rapeseed.
 
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15. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C gene family in response to multiple stresses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
WANG Yi-fan, LIAO Yu-qiu, WANG Ya-peng, YANG Jiang-wei, ZHANG Ning, SI Huai-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1609-1624.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63181-1
摘要153)      PDF    收藏
The plant protein phosphatase 2Cs (PP2Cs) play an essential role in response to stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway.  However, to date, no systemic characterization of the PP2Cs has yet been conducted in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).  In the study, a comprehensive research was performed on genome-wide identification and expression analysis of StPP2C genes in potato.  A total of 78 potato StPP2C genes were identified based on specific structure of PP2C domain, which were distributed across 11 out of 12 potato chromosomes and divided into 12 (A–L) phylogenetic branches.  The result from gene duplication analysis showed that 14 StPP2Cs were involved in gene tandem duplication and 8 genes formed fragment duplication events, which indicated that both tandem and fragment duplication contributed to the expansion of the gene family in evolution.  Exon–intron structural analysis showed that they had a wide range of exon numbers.  Analysis of protein conservative motif demonstrated that StPP2Cs contained more similar motif structures in the same phylogenetic branches.  The cis-elements in StPP2C gene promoter regions were mainly responded to light, phytohormone and abiotic stress.  Most of them exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and some members could differentially express under abiotic stress.  The evidence suggested that StPP2C genes may contribute to different functions in several physiological stress and environmental stress conditions.  This study could provide new insights to further investigate StPP2C functional characteristics responding to various stresses in potato.
 
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16. Feeding effects of dsNPF interference in Ostrinia furnacalis
CUI Hong-ying, WANG Yuan, PENG Xin, WANG Yi-tong, ZHAO Zhang-wu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1475-1481.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62788-7
摘要96)      PDF    收藏
The corn borer is a world-wide agricultural pest.  In this study, a high-efficiency RNAi method was explored to knock down the neuropeptide F (NPF) to determine if NPF regulates larval feeding in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis.  Results showed that the expression peaks of npf mRNA in both midgut and fat body are at 28 h of early 5th instar larvae.  When NPF was knocked down either by feeding dsNPF-containing artificial diet or direct dsNPF injection into the 5th instar larvae, npf expression was effectively inhibited in the midgut.  Larval feeding, body weight and development time were significantly impacted.  In contrast, the expression of the npf receptors npfr1 and npfr2 in fat body of 5th instar larvae was significantly increased by dsNPF injection.  These results indicate that NPF can be effectively knocked down in O. furnacalis, and dsNPF by injection is an effective and fast way to silence npf expression.  This study provides a critical basis for further exploration in mechanism of feeding regulation in O. furnacalis.
 
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17. OsHemA gene, encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa)
ZENG Zhao-qiong, LIN Tian-zi, ZHAO Jie-yu, ZHENG Tian-hui, XU Le-feng, WANG Yi-hua, LIU Ling-long, JIANG Ling, CHEN Sai-hua, WAN Jian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 612-623.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62710-3
摘要142)      PDF    收藏
Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.  Glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde (GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.  Even though the main role of GluTR has been established, the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown.  Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency, designated as cbd1.  With intact thylakoid lamellar structure, the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids (Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type.  By map-based gene cloning, the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10, in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene.  Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test, confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype.  OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1.  Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.  A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes, except for POR and CHLG, were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA, suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway.  Interestingly, we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected, except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1.  Collectively, OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.
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18. The expression of Lin28B was co-regulated by H3K4me2 and Wnt5a/β-catenin/TCF7L2
ZHANG Ya-ni, HU Cai, WANG Ying-jie, ZUO Qi-sheng, LI Bi-chun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 3054-3064.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63441-4
摘要121)      PDF    收藏
Lin28A and Lin28B are homologous RNA-binding proteins that participate in the development of primordial germ cells.  The mechanisms underlying expression and regulation of Lin28A have been well documented, but such information for Lin28B is limited.  In this study, a fragment of the Lin28B promoter was cloned, the pEGFP-pLin28B vector was constructed.  DF-1 chicken fibroblasts were transfected and the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was measured.  Furtherly, Lin28B promoter of different lengths fragments was cloned using the chromosome-walking method and the fragments were ligated into the PGL3-Basic vector, and transfected into DF-1 cells.  Results of dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the core of the Lin28B promoter was included in the sequence from –1 431 to –1 034 bp.  The binding sites of the transcription factor TCF7L2 was showed within this sequence by bioinformatics analysis.  The promoter activity of Lin28B was downregulated (P<0.05) when the TCF7L2 binding site was mutated.  Further experiments suggested that Lin28B promoter activity responded to the activation or inhibition of Wnt signaling.  Results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR showed that β-catenin-TCF7L2 may be enriched in the Lin28B promoter core area.  In vivo and in vitro activation or inhibition of Wnt signaling significantly up- or down-regulated (P<0.05) Lin28B expression.  H3K4me2 enriched in the promoter of Lin28B, which affected the regulation of Wnt signaling to Lin28B.  In conclusion, our results showed that H3K4me2 and Wnt5a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 were the positive regulators of Lin28B expression.  Findings of this study may lay a theoretical foundation for illuminating the mechanism underlying Lin28B expression.
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19. Crop diversity and pest management in sustainable agriculture
HE Han-ming, LIU Li-na, Shahzad Munir, Nawaz Haider Bashir, WANG Yi, YANG Jing, LI Cheng-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (9): 1945-1952.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62689-4
摘要195)      PDF    收藏
Large-scale crop monocultures facilitate the proliferation and increasing prevalence of diseases and pest insects.  Many studies highlight the impacts of plant diversification upon pathogens, and the population dynamics of insects and beneficial organism in agricultural ecosystems.  These studies provide evidence that habitat manipulation techniques such as intercropping, relay, and rotation can significantly improve disease and pest management.  This review introduces the concept of crop diversity, considers recent insights and mechanisms underlying crop diversity, and discusses its potential for improving sustainable agricultural practices.  Recently, the phytobiomes resulting from increased crop diversity are increasingly recognized for their contribution to disease and pest control.  Further, understanding the interactions between pathogens or pests with their host phytobiome may lead to novel options for the prevention of pests.  Recent advances in the agricultural systems include: (i) a better understanding of the mechanisms of interactions between crop species and genotypes; (ii) ecological progress including a better understanding of the context-dependency of those interactions; and (iii) the role of microtopographic variation in agricultural systems for priming basal resistance to multiple pests and pathogens by intercropped crops.  We also highlight recent progress in China and the potential options for habitat management and design that enhance the ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems.
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20. Phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins in three ovine muscles during postmortem ageing
WANG Ying, LI Xin, LI Zheng, DU Man-ting, ZHU Jie, ZHANG She-qi, ZHANG De-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (7): 1643-1651.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62653-5
摘要308)      PDF    收藏
This study aimed to examine changes in phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins from longissimus lumborum, semitendinosus, and psoas major muscles during postmortem ageing for 5 d.  These sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with phosphorous and protein specific stains.  Myofibril fragmentation index, pH, the content of lactic acid and the relative activity of μ-calpain in three ovine muscles were measured.  These results showed that the relative phosphorylation level of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of psoas major muscle were lower compared with longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus muscles (P<0.05).  The pH of psoas major muscle was the lowest at 0.5 h postmortem, and the highest after 12 h postmortem (P<0.05).  In addition, the relative activity of μ-calpain was higher within 5 d postmortem and myofibril fragmentation index was higher after 1 d postmortem in psoas major muscle than those of longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus muscles (P<0.05).  The sarcoplasmic protein phosphorylation may regulate the rate of pH decline to influence the μ-calpain activity and then proteolysis of proteins consequently.  This study gives a new perspective of the mechanism of postmortem meat tenderization.
 
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21. The autophagy gene ATG8 affects morphogenesis and oxidative stress tolerance in Sporisorium scitamineum
ZHANG Bin, CUI Guo-bing, CHANG Chang-qing, WANG Yi-xu, ZHANG Hao-yang, CHEN Bao-shan, DENG Yi-zhen, JIANG Zi-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (5): 1024-1034.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62109-4
摘要232)      PDF    收藏
The basidiomycetous fungus Sporisorium scitamineum causes sugarcane smut that leads to severe economic losses in the major sugarcane growing areas in China, India and Brazil, etc.  Autophagy is a conserved pathway in eukaryotes for bulk degradation and cellular recycling, and was shown to be important for fungal cell growth, development, and pathogenicity.  However, physiological function of autophagy has not been studied in S. scitamineum.  In this study, we identified a conserved Atg8 protein, named as SsAtg8 and characterized its function. Our results showed that autophagy was blocked in the ssatg8Δ mutant, in nitrogen starvation.  The ssatg8Δ mutant formed pseudohypha frequently and was hypersensitive to oxidative stress.  However, mating or filamenation was unaffected in the ssatg8Δ mutant in vitro.  Overall we demonstrate that autophagy is dispensable for S. scitamineum mating/filamentation, while critical for oxidative stress tolerance and proper morphology in sporidial stage.   
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22. Invasion biology of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: Current knowledge and future directions
TONG Hao-jie, AO Yan, LI Zi-hao, WANG Ying, JIANG Ming-xing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (4): 758-770.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61972-0
摘要307)      PDF(pc) (825KB)(667)    收藏
The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21st century.  Considering the economic significance of this insect and its rapid worldwide spread, we examined the possible factors driving its invasions.  In this paper, we summarize the life history traits of P. solenopsis conceivably related to population development in invaded regions; these traits include its use of diverse host plants, reproductive capacity and mode, adaptation to temperature, response to food shortage, and insecticidal resistance.  Then, focusing on the multiple trophic interactions that may promote or hinder invasion, we review the mutualistic relationship of this mealybug with ants and predation and parasitism by natural enemies.  Finally, we suggest topics for future research and provide our perspective on the biological invasions of this mealybug.  We speculate that specific biological factors associated with this mealybug, particularly its wide host range, high reproductive potential, evolved changes in life history traits, and mutualism with ants have played important roles in its invasions, allowing this pest to become established and rapidly increase its population upon its introduction into new regions.
 
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23. A dCAPS marker developed from a stress associated protein gene TaSAP7-B governing grain size and plant height in wheat
WANG Yi-xue, XU Qiao-fang, CHANG Xiao-ping, HAO Chen-yang, LI Run-zhi, JING Rui-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 276-284.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61685-X
摘要756)      PDF    收藏
Stress associated proteins (SAPs) are the A20/AN1 zinc-finger proteins which confer to abiotic stresses in plants.  In this study, TaSAP7-B, including two AN1 domains, was isolated from B genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).  Sequencing analysis on TaSAP7-B illustrated one InDel (insertion-deletion) and one SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in the promoter region while no diversity was observed in the coding region.  On the basis of SNP in the promoter region (–260 bp), a dCAPS (derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences) marker SNP-260 was developed for TaSAP7-B.  Using a natural population consisting of 262 wheat accessions, significant associations were detected between the marker SNP-260 and agronomic traits, such as plant height (PH), peduncle length (PL), length of penultimate internode (LPI), number of spike per plant (NSP), and 1 000-grain weight (TGW).  Two genotypes were identified using marker SNP-260 in the natural population.  Among them, the genotypes possessing C allele exhibited a higher TGW and shorter PH than the T genotypes.  Hence, base C was considered as the superior allele.  The dCAPS marker of TaSAP7-B can be instrumental for marker-assisted selection for high grain size and short plant height.  
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24. Maize ABP2 enhances tolerance to drought and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis
ZONG Na, LI Xing-juan, WANG Lei, WANG Ying, WEN Hong-tao, LI Ling, ZHANG Xia, FAN Yun-liu, ZHAO Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2379-2393.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61947-1
摘要375)      PDF(pc) (35768KB)(362)    收藏
Abiotic stresses, especially drought and salt, severely affect maize production, which is one of the most important cereal crops in the world.  Breeding stress-tolerant maize through biotechnology is urgently needed to maintain maize production.  Therefore, it is important to identify new genes that can enhance both drought and salt stress tolerance for molecular breeding. In this study, we identified a maize ABA (abscisic acid)-responsive element (ABRE) binding protein from a 17-day post-pollination (dpp) maize embryo cDNA library by yeast one-hybrid screen using the ABRE2 sequence of the maize Cat1 gene as bait.  This protein, designated, ABRE binding protein 2 (ABP2), belongs to the bZIP transcription factor family.  Endogenous expression of ABP2 in maize can be detected in different tissues at various development stages, and can be induced by drought, salt, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating agents, and ABA treatment.  Constitutive expression of ABP2 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, and increased sensitivity to ABA.  In exploring the mechanism by which ABP2 can stimulate abiotic stress tolerance, we found that ROS levels were reduced and expression of stress-responsive and carbon metabolism-related genes was enhanced by constitutive ABP2 expression in transgenic plants.  In short, we identified a maize bZIP transcription factor which can enhance both drought and salt tolerance of plants.
 
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25. Beneficial effects of silicon on photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under water stress
ZHANG Yi, SHI Yu, GONG Hai-jun, ZHAO Hai-liang, LI Huan-li, HU Yan-hong, WANG Yi-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2151-2159.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62038-6
摘要694)      PDF(pc) (930KB)(1005)    收藏
Silicon can improve drought tolerance of plants, but the mechanism still remains unclear.  Previous studies have mainly concentrated on silicon-accumulating plants, whereas less work has been conducted in silicon-excluding plants, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).  In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous silicon (2.5 mmol L–1) on the chlorophyll fluorescence and expression of photosynthesis-related genes in tomato seedlings (Zhongza 9) under water stress induced by 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000).  The results showed that under water stress, the growth of shoot and root was inhibited, and the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were decreased, while silicon addition improved the plant growth and increased the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid.  Under water sterss, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), effective quantum efficiency, actual photochemical quantum efficiency (ФPSII), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were decreased; while these changes were reversed in the presence of added silicon.  The expressions of some photosynthesis-related genes including PetE, PetF, PsbP, PsbQ, PsbW, and Psb28 were down-regulated under water stress, and exogenous Si could partially up-regulate their expressions.  These results suggest that silicon plays a role in the alleviation of water stress by modulating some photosynthesis-related genes and regulating the photochemical process, and thus promoting photosynthesis.
 
 
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26. Identification and characterization of Pichia membranifaciens Hmp-1 isolated from spoilage blackberry wine
WANG Ying, ZHAO Yan-cun, FAN Lin-lin, XIA Xiu-dong, LI Ya-hui, ZHOU Jian-zhong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 2126-2136.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62027-1
摘要416)      PDF    收藏
The pellicle-forming yeast could cause the quality deterioration of wine.  In this study, a pellicle-forming strain Hmp-1 was isolated from the spoilage blackberry wine, and identified as Pichia membranifaciens based on the morphology and partial nucleotide sequence of 26S rDNA.  The effects of fermentation conditions (ethanol, sulfur dioxide, sugar, and temperature) on the growth of P. membranifaciens strain Hmp-1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FM-S-115 (a strain used for the blackberry wine fermentation) were investigated, respectively.  The results indicated that Hmp-1 had lower resistance to these factors compared to FM-S-115, and the growth of Hmp-1 was completely inhibited by 10% (v/v) or 50 mg L–1 SO2 during the fermentation of blackberry wine.  These results suggested that Hmp-1 could effectively be controlled by increasing ethanol or SO2 concentration during the fermentation and storage of blackberry wine.  Furthermore, the analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that Hmp-1 remarkably decreased kinds of volatile compounds in blackberry wine, especially aldehydes and esters.  In addition, some poisonous compounds were detected in the blackberry wine fermented by FM-S-115 and Hmp-1.  These results suggested that Hmp-1 was a major cause leading to the quality deterioration of blackberry wine.
 
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27. Insecticide resistance of the field populations of oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China
ZHAO Yu-yu, SU Li, LI Shuai, LI Yi-ping, XU Xiang-li, CHENG Wei-ning, WANG Yi, WU Jun-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (07): 1556-1562.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61787-8
摘要518)      PDF    收藏
Resistance of five field populations of Mythimna separata (Walker) collected from Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China to six different insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory.  The results showed that all populations were relatively sensitive to emamectin benzoate with a resistance ratio (RR) of 0.583–1.583 folds.  All populations showed susceptible or low level resistance to chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin.  Compared with a relatively susceptible strain of M. separata, the resistance level of the whole populations ranged from susceptible to moderate to chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, moderate to high to phoxim (RR=19.367–70.100) except for population from Sanyuan County (RR=2.567).  Pair-wise correlation analysis among different insecticides indicated that chlorpyrifos has a significantly positive and significant correlation with emamectin benzoate.  Chlorantraniliprole didn’t have significant correlation with emamectin benzoate, chlorpyrifos and phoxim.  Therefore, emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and beta-cypermethrin are recommended to control oriental armyworm.  Meanwhile, to postpone the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, alternative and rotational application of insecticides between chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate or chlorpyrifos is necessary.
 
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28. A wheat gene TaSAP17-D encoding an AN1/AN1 zinc finger protein improves salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
XU Qiao-fang, MAO Xin-guo, WANG Yi-xue, WANG Jing-yi, XI Ya-jun, JING Rui-lian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (03): 507-516.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61681-2
摘要687)      PDF    收藏
The stress-associated protein (SAP) multigene family is conserved in both animals and plants.  Its function in some animals and plants are known, but it is yet to be deciphered in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).  We identified the wheat gene TaSAP17-D, a member of the SAP gene family with an AN1/AN1 conserved domain.  Subcellular localization indicated that TaSAP17-D localized to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.  Expression pattern analyses revealed that TaSAP17-D was highly expressed in seedlings and was involved in NaCl response, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cold, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA).  Constitutive expression of TaSAP17-D in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced tolerance to salt stress, confirmed by improved multiple physiological indices and significantly upregulated marker genes related to salt stress response.  Our results suggest that TaSAP17-D is a candidate gene that can be used to protect crop plants from salt stress.  
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29. The effect of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in glycolysis on the colour stability of mutton during postmortem storage
XIN Jian-zeng, LI Zheng, LI Xin, LI Meng, WANG Ying, YANG Fu-min, ZHANG De-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (11): 2646-2654.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61622-2
摘要623)      PDF    收藏
This study investigated the influence of activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDH-B) on the colour stability of mutton.  From 60 sheep (Bayannur mutton sheep), 15 longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were selected on the basis of colour stability (R630/580 and a* value) during the storage and classified into three groups (5 for each group) as high colour stability (HCS), intermediate colour stability (ICS) and low colour stability (LCS).  The activities of GAPDH and LDH-B, muscle colour attributes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleuotide (NADH) concentration and lactate concentration were measured.  The samples in HCS had higher activities of GAPDH and LDH-B than the samples in the LCS, and the samples in the HCS group also possessed higher NADH and lower lactate concentration.  The higher activity of dehydrogenase enzyme may result in higher NADH concentrations and colour stability in muscle tissue.  The results suggest that the activity of GAPDH and LDH-B may also play a role in maintaining colour stability.
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30. Responses of N2O reductase gene (nosZ)-denitrifier communities to long-term fertilization follow a depth pattern in calcareous purplish paddy soil
WANG Ying-yan, LU Sheng-e, XIANG Quan-ju, YU Xiu-mei, ZHAO Ke, ZHANG Xiao-ping, TU Shihua, GU Yun-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (11): 2597-2611.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61707-6
摘要1024)      PDF    收藏
    The effect of long-term fertilization on soil denitrifying communities was analysed by measuring the abundance and diversity of the nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase gene, nosZ.  Soil samples were collected from plots of a long-term fertilization experiment established in 1982 in Suining City, China.  The fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer (CK), three chemical fertilizer (CF) treatments (N, NP, NPK), manure (M) alone, and manure with chemical fertilizers (NM, NPM, NPKM).  The abundance and diversity of the denitrifying bacteria were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and cloning and sequencing of nosZ genes.  The diversity and abundance of nosZ-denitrifiers was higher in soil amended with manure and chemical fertilizers (CFM) than in soil amended with CF alone, and the highest in topsoil (0–20 cm).  The nosZ-denitrifier community composition was more complex in CFM soil than in CF soil.  Specific species were detected only in the CFM soil.  The abundance of nosZ-denitrifier in the NPKM treatment was approximately two times higher than that in the CK, N, and NPK treatments.  Most of the cloned nosZ sequences were closely related to nosZ sequences from Bradyrhizobiaceae and Rhodospirillaceae in Alphaproteobacteria.  Of the measured abiotic factors, soil organic matter correlated significantly with the abundance (P<0.01); available phosphorus correlated significantly with the topsoil community composition (P<0.01), whereas soil organic matter correlated significantly with the subsoil (20–90 cm) community composition (P<0.01). This study demonstrated that long-term CFM fertilization affected both the abundance and composition of the nosZ-denitrifier community. 
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