Current Status and Future Prospective of Foxtail Millet Production and Seed Industry in China
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| LI ShunGuo, LIU Fei, LIU Meng, CHENG RuHong, XIA EnJun, DIAO XianMin |
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Scientia Agricultura Sinica
2021,54(3
):459
-470. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.001
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Originated from China, foxtail millet is the main crop in the development of dry land farming agriculture. Since the initiation of China Agricultural Research System (CARS) in 2008, a batch of breeding foxtail millet materials with herbicide resistance, improved commercial and cooking quality had been developed. The construction of Setaria reference genome, haplotype map and high-throughput transformation technology system in China greatly promote the original innovation ability of foxtail millet, a batch of new cultivars with semi-dwarf plant height and herbicide resistance have been developed which made it that mechanization of foxtail millet production became a reality. Combined with the development of cultivation technology of those new cultivars, the comprehensive foxtail millet production capacity of a single household has been increased by more than 20 times,the grain yield per unit has been increased by 90.8%, and the total yield has been increased by 85.7%. Foxtail millet is a fully market-oriented crop. In the past decade, the overall price has been on the rise, the industrial scale has been expanding, and the number of national geographical indication products has grown to 49, which forming a number of regional public brands and industrial advantage areas. With the development of foxtail millet production, the protection and transferring of variety rights are gradually increasing, and a number of foxtail millet seed industries are initiated. Under the background of rural development and healthy food strategy in China, foxtail millet brings new opportunities to the millet industry and seed industry; meanwhile, Foxtail millet production and seed industry in China are also facing many challenges, such as high seed propagation coefficient, lack of effective protection of variety right, need to be strengthened in scientific research and platform construction etc. In the future, the development of China's characteristic foxtail millet industry will boost rural revitalization and seed industry development. The ecological demand of seasonal fallow zone and groundwater recovery zone will promote the recovery growth of foxtail millet production area. The integration of seed industry, scientific research and industry is accelerating. The development direction of China's foxtail millet seed industry is to overcome major basic scientific problems, construct modern biological breeding technology system, cultivate breakthrough new varieties, and realize the integrated development of scientific research, seed industry and the foxtail millet industry. The development of millet seed industry in China must adhere to original innovation, industrial demand, service to main production areas, differential development and market dominant position. In the future, the China's foxtail millet industry and seed industry need to conquer the focus of the task: breakthrough new germplasm innovation, construction of high-efficiency breeding technology platform, cultivation of breakthrough new variety hybrids, construction of seed production technology specifications and improved seed breeding technology system, improvement of seed industry management and service capacity, layout optimization of seed production base, build the seed superior enterprises.
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Current Status and Future Prospective of Sweetpotato Production and Seed Industry in China
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| WANG Xin,LI Qiang,CAO QingHe,MA DaiFu |
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Scientia Agricultura Sinica
2021,54(3
):483
-492. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.003
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Sweetpotato is considered as one of important crops for food, feed and industrial materials in the world. China is the largest sweetpotato producer in the world. This paper summarizes history, present situation, main achievement, problems of sweetpotato production and seed industry in China, analyzes the development trend of sweetpotato production and seed industry of the world, and puts forward the future development goal and task in China. At present, the sweetpotato production has developed steadily in China. The planting area tends to be stable, and the annual planting area is about 400 million hectares. The yield has steadily increased and reached to 1.96 times of the world average. The production has realized the transformation and upgrading from quantity to quality. The table use market is increasing continuously, and sweetpotato is well received. Snacks, healthy and functional foods are moderately developed. As the consumption increased, the benefit of sweetpotato planting is raised. The sweetpotato brand has been greatly developed. On the supports of China Agricultural Research System, Sweetpotato (CARS-SP), the molecular breeding platform of sweetpotato has been established, the genome sequencing of sweetpotato has been mainly completed, the high density molecular linkage map has been constructed, molecular markers and QTLs related to stem nematode resistance and starch content have been developed, and some important functional genes related to quality, disease resistance, salt tolerance and drought resistance have been discovered. The platform was constructed for diseases identification and varieties evaluation, and a set of new germplasm and varieties were created and released. More than 95% varieties planted in China were domestic. The national standard and industry standard of new sweetpotato varieties were established for DUS testing to standardize the seed and seedling market. The key technology research was completed for virus-free seed and seedling production. The cooperative innovation system was established to promote the reorganization of seed and seedling enterprises by combining producers, educators and researchers. There are still many problems in sweetpotato production and seed industry in China now. First is the number of excellent germplasm is small, which can’t meet the demand of breeding. Second is the lack of evaluation index of high quality varieties, and less specialized varieties to meet processing demand. The third is the less application of virus-free seed and seedlings, and the propagation technology and market of seed and seedling are not standardized. The fourth is small scale seed industry, weak support from government, and small number of regional seed and seedling enterprises to meet the needs of production. In the next 5-10 years, we should pay attention to construction platform of resource collection, evaluation and preservation, build up public service platform for sweetpotato breeding, release and demonstrate high-quality, high-yield and multi-resistance varieties, construct breeding-propagation-extension system, further extend the processing chain and improve industrial efficiency, and demonstrate varieties with high-quality starch, rich in dietary fiber, anthocyanin, carotene and polyphenols in the “One-Belt and One-Road” countries.
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Current Status and Future Prospective of Food Legumes Production and Seed Industry in China
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| CHEN HongLin, TIAN Jing, ZHU ZhenDong, ZHANG YaoWen, CHEN QiaoMin, ZHOU SuMei, WANG LiXia, LIU YuJiao, HE YuHua, YIN FengXiang, WEI ShuHong, CHENG XuZhen |
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Scientia Agricultura Sinica
2021,54(3
):493
-503. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.004
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Food legumes play an important role in food composition, human health, and soil improvement in China, especially as the main source of protein in poverty-stricken area. With the deciphering of the genome of food legumes, the molecular genetic basis and molecular breeding of food legumes have been promoted. Since the establishment of China Agricultural Research System (CARS) in 2008, a number of cultivation techniques suitable for different regions were integrated, and many food legumes varieties with High yield, high quality, diseases and insects resistance, resistance to stresses and suitable for mechanized harvesting were bred, the research and application of green pest prevention and control technology produced a marked effect, the research on production machinery and technology had achieved initial effects, and the improvement of post-production processing technology and product innovation research promoted the quality and efficiency of the food legumes industry. With the demonstration and popularization of new food legume varieties and new technologies, the total yield and yield per unit area of food legumes increased significantly. In particular, the production of faba bean and pea were transformed from dry grain production to fresh vegetable production in the past 10 years. The planting area increased 21.1%, the yield per unit area increased 3.9%, and the total yield increased 36.8%. With the continuous expansion of the food legume industry scale, more food legumes are listed as geographical indication of China's agricultural products, and a number of agricultural enterprise brands are being forming. With the stimulation of the food legume industry, the number of variety rights protection and transfers is gradually increasing, and the food legume industry is emerging. With the improvement of people’s health awareness, domestic and foreign market demand is raising rapidly, the implementation of the rural vitalization strategy, the advancement of agricultural supply-side structural reform, and the development of the featured and advantageous industries in poor areas have brought new opportunities to the food legumes production and seed industry. However, the food legumes seed industry still has some problems, such as high production cost, low production efficiency, scientific research platform construction is still need to be strengthened, lack of elite varieties, and insufficient awareness of variety rights. On the basis of summarizing the present situation and problems of food legumes production and seed industry in China, this paper discusses the future development direction of food legumes production and seed industry.
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