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Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Yield and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization of Dryland Winter Wheat Under Different Precipitation Year Types JIA BingLi, LI YanXing, YANG WenJie, YU Jie, YUAN AiJing, LI NingNa, QIU WeiHong, WANG ZhaoHui Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (16): 3192-3206.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.008 Abstract （211）   HTML （18）    PDF （564KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization on the yield, P uptake and utilization of dryland wheat under different precipitation patterns and summer-season precipitation were investigated to provide the theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the management of P fertilizer application and increasing yield of dryland winter wheat.【Method】 This study was based on a winter wheat P fertilization experiment that started in July 2018 at three sites in Weibei dryland area of Plateau Loess, China. The field experiment included two treatments: optimized P application (+P), and no P application (-P). The precipitation, winter wheat yield, precipitation efficiency, soil water storage, P fertilizer use efficiency, wheat P uptake, and soil P budget under different precipitation years were analyzed over three years. 【Result】 The wheat yields in dry and intermediate years were 3 432 and 4 549 kg·hm-2, respectively, while the wheat yield in wet year was 7 634 kg·hm-2. Compared with the -P treatment, the +P treatment significantly increased the wheat yield by 5.8%. Overall, the winter wheat yield showed a linear plus platform correlation with annual precipitation and precipitation in the summer fallow season. In the dry years, the annual and summer-seasonal precipitation use efficiency under +P treatment were significantly lower than those in the -P treatment, with a decrease of 9.5% and 8.0%, respectively; however, in the wet year, they were significantly higher by 13.1% and 12.9% than those under -P treatment. Soil water storage in 0-100 cm soil layers in intermediate year was significantly lower by 10.5% and 10.8% than that under the dry and wet years, respectively, while in the wet year, the application of P fertilizer had no significant effects on soil water storage in 0-300 cm soil layers. Additionally, in the dry and intermediate years, the +P treatment significantly increased the topsoil available phosphorus contents by 29.1% and 17.8%, respectively. The P use efficiency increased with the increasing annual precipitation and summer-season precipitation and the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of P fertilizer were the highest in the wet year, with increases of 74.0% and 176.3%, respectively, compared with the dry year. The soil P budget under +P treatment in the wet year was the lowest, significantly reduced by 67.9% and 62.9% than that in the dry and intermediate years, respectively. The soil P budget under -P treatment was deficient, and it was significantly higher in wet year than that in dry year and intermediate year. 【Conclusion】 Under P fertilizer input, winter wheat yield and P uptake and utilization had different effects in different precipitation year patterns. Therefore, it was necessary to consider the changes in precipitation when applying P fertilizer in dryland winter wheat production. Based on the similar results under the precipitation in summer season and annual precipitation, more attention should be paid to the precipitation in summer season, by which it could predict the target yield and optimize the P fertilizer application rate, in order to ensure the reasonable application of P fertilizer and improve crop yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different Manures Affect Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure in Mining Reclamation Area LI HaiPeng, DU WuYan, WU HanQian, ZHANG Jie, MENG HuiSheng, HONG JianPing, XU MingGang, HAO XianJun, GAO WenJun Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (16): 3207-3219.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.009 Abstract （163）   HTML （11）    PDF （1617KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of nutrient and bacterial communities and function in reclaimed soil under different manures and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization transformation and health management of reclaimed soil.【Method】Based on the located fertilization test base (coal mining subsidence area in Piancheng Village, Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province), this experiment analyzed the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure and function, and maize yield of reclaimed soil in the mining area under different manures (chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure) and chemical fertilizer treatments for three consecutive years,.【Result】(1) After three consecutive years of fertilization, the application of manures significantly reduced soil pH (0.03-0.08 units) compared with chemical fertilizer, but significantly increased soil organic carbon (11.0%-15.5%), total nitrogen (14.9%-19.1%), available nitrogen (20.3%-43.4%) and available potassium (12.3%-13.6%), among them, chicken manure treatment had the greatest increase in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen content. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizer and manures significantly increased crop yield (16.7%-21.1%), and pig manure had the greatest increase in crop yield. (2) The manures application significantly increased the bacterial richness of reclaimed soil and affected the composition of soil bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, the manures application considerably enhanced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with the relative richness of Firmicutes significantly higher under pig manure and chicken manure treatments than that under cow manure treatment. At the genus level, different manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lechevalieria, Sphingomonas, and Bacillus. (3) The ecological function of reclaimed soil bacteria was mainly chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Various manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy and fermentation populations, with the relative abundance of fermentation populations considerably higher under the pig manure treatment than under the chicken manure and cow manure treatments. (4) The mantel test study revealed a substantial positive correlation between soil bacterial diversity and function and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and crop yield. 【Conclusion】The application of various manures significantly increased the nutrient content of reclaimed soil, improved the structure and function of the bacterial community in reclaimed soil, and then increased crop yield. Nevertheless, there were differences in the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure, and crop yields among the various manures, with chicken manure offering the highest enhancement in soil nutrients, pig manure providing the highest enhancement in functional flora related to carbon and crop yields, but cow manure providing the lesser improvement in soil nutrients and crop yields. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Magnesium Fertilizer Dosage on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Peanuts HU JiaYu, GAO BingYang, GAO YiFan, YUAN ShiLun, QI Xin, HUANG YuFang, YAN JunYing, ZHAO YaNan, YE YouLiang Scientia Agricultura Sinica    2024, 57 (16): 3220-3233.   DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.010 Abstract （183）   HTML （11）    PDF （11048KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the impact of an appropriate amount of magnesium (Mg) fertilizer on nutrient absorption and photosynthetic characteristics of peanuts for high yield and high efficiency, so as to provide the theoretical support for peanut high yield and high efficiency. 【Method】Field experiments were carried out from 2021 to 2022 to study the effects of four MgSO4 dosages (0, 20, 40, 60 kg·hm-2, referred to as T1, T2, T3, T4) on the growth and development, yield and nutrient absorption, photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic rate-limiting enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes of peanuts.【Result】The rational application of Mg showed a significant effect on peanut plant height, with the maximum value observed at 40 kg·hm-2 in different periods. The flower needle stage showed a significant effect of Mg on branching, with an average increase of 8.8% than that under T1. The treatments with Mg application had 3.5%-15.1% higher dry matter accumulation than that under T1. The yields, pods per plant, 100-pod weight, and 100-kernel weight significantly increased within the ranges of 7.6%-15.5%, 2.4%-18.1%, 1.5%-11.1%, and 3.5%-10.9%, respectively, reaching the maximum value under T3. At the maturity stage, the nutrient absorption of different treatments as follows: nitrogen (197.3, 206.8, 217.9, and 204.8 kg·hm-2), phosphorus (37.1, 40.1, 42.3, and 39.4 kg·hm-2), potassium (75.6, 79.7, 81.1, and 78.5 kg·hm-2), calcium (38.5, 45.4, 46.8, and 42.3 kg·hm-2), and Mg (20.9, 25.4, 26.6, and 23.6 kg·hm-2). The nutrient absorption reached the maximum under T3, which were 10.4%, 14.0%, 7.3%, 21.6%, and 27.3% higher than under T1, respectively. Reasonable application of Mg increased the SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, activity of rubisco enzyme, and antioxidant enzymes in peanut leaves. The SPAD value reached the maximum under T3 in each growth stage. At the pod-setting stage, the changes in Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci due to Mg application were within the ranges of 2.7%-10.3%, -3.7%-15.8%, -6.6%-5.9%, and -8.2%- -3.0%, respectively. The activities of Rubisco, SOD, and CAT increased by 2.7%-9.1%, 0.6%-5.3%, and 2.1%-7.3%, respectively, while the PRO decreased by 3.3%-10.3%. 【Conclusion】Rational application of Mg fertilizer promoted peanut growth, increased nutrient absorption and yield, improved photosynthetic characteristics, and delayed leaf senescence. The recommended Mg application rate in soils with exchangeable Mg of 243 mg·kg-1 was 40 kg·hm-2. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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