不同保绿型玉米杂交种氮效率评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.06.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Stay-green trait is an important agronomic characteristic closely related to high yield, good quality, and stress resistance of maize. This study explored the differences in nitrogen uptake and translocation of different stay-green maize hybrids, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the physiological mechanism of high nitrogen efficiency in maize. 【Method】The tested materials were the stay-green hybrid Shandan 650 and the non-stay-green hybrid Zhengdan 958. In 2023, 6 N treatments were applied: N1 (0 kg·hm^-2), N2 (60 kg·hm^-2), N3 (120 kg·hm^-2), N4 (180 kg·hm^-2), N5 (240 kg·hm^-2), and N6 (300 kg·hm^-2). In 2024, a nitrogen×density interaction experiment was conducted with three N levels—low N (LN, 0 kg·hm^-2), medium N (MN, 180 kg·hm^-2), and high N (HN, 240 kg·hm^-2)—and two planting densities—low density (LD, 60 000 plants·hm^-2) and high density (HD, 75 000 plants·hm^-2). After the silking stage of maize, indicators were determined for each treatment, such as SPAD value of ear leaves, total number of green leaves per plant, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs and grains. Meanwhile, nitrogen absorption and translocation rates as well as nitrogen use efficiency-related indicators were analyzed. 【Result】 Grain yield of both hybrids initially increased and then stabilized with rising N rates, with Shandan 650 consistently outperforming Zhengdan 958 across all N and density treatments. Post-silking, Shandan 650 exhibited faster chlorophyll degradation (SPAD decline: 65.1% vs. 49.9%) and greater green leaf loss than Zhengdan 958, particularly under low N. Shandan 650 demonstrated superior N remobilization efficiency, especially under low N and high density, with significantly higher N translocation from leaves to grains. Overall, Shandan 650 achieved significantly higher N remobilization efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen harvest index than Zhengdan 958. Furthermore, under high-density planting conditions, reasonable nitrogen reduction further enhanced its nitrogen efficiency performance. 【Conclusion】 The functional stay-green maize variety Shandan 650 maintains consistent greenness and photosynthetic capacity until a certain period before physiological maturity, at which point a rapid decline occurs along with nitrogen remobilization. Its strong nitrogen translocation capacity in vegetative organs enhances nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen use efficiency, and higher nitrogen efficiency could be achieved under reasonable nitrogen reduction and density increase.

Key words: maize, nitrogen use efficiency, stay-green, yield, nitrogen

HE JiHang, ZHANG Qing, LÜ XiangYue, XUE JiQuan, XU ShuTu, LIU JianChao. Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Stay-Green Maize Hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1217-1230.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

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Table 2

Evaluation of nitrogen use efficiency of maize hybrids under different nitrogen treatments and nitrogen-density interactions"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Varieties	氮素利用效率 Nitrogen utilization efficiency	氮素吸收效率 Nitrogen uptake efficiency	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency	氮肥农学效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency	氮素转运对籽粒贡献率 Nitrogen contribution proportion	氮素收获指数 Nitrogen harvest index
2023	N1	陕单650 Shandan650	61.63±1.54a	-	-	-	0.76±0.02a	0.75±0.03a
	N1	郑单958 Zhengdan985	57.84±1.11b	-	-	-	0.67±0.02b	0.62±0.03b
	N2	陕单650 Shandan650	58.92±0.79a	2.35±0.03a	0.71±0.01a	43.78±1.82a	0.74±0.03a	0.77±0.07a
	N2	郑单958 Zhengdan985	56.64±0.43b	2.23±0.18a	0.63±0.04b	39.25±1.05b	0.66±0.02b	0.60±0.04b
	N3	陕单650 Shandan650	56.82±0.98a	1.47±0.16a	0.65±0.01a	37.17±0.80a	0.71±0.02a	0.72±0.05a
	N3	郑单958 Zhengdan985	54.23±0.57b	1.42±0.03a	0.64±0.01a	31.33±1.30b	0.63±0.02b	0.58±0.01b
	N4	陕单650 Shandan650	53.74±0.82a	1.12±0.05a	0.59±0.01a	26.53±1.41a	0.68±0.03a	0.70±0.03a
	N4	郑单958 Zhengdan985	53.18±1.62a	1.05±0.05a	0.56±0.01b	24.48±1.35a	0.62±0.02b	0.59±0.03b
	N5	陕单650 Shandan650	53.05±1.65a	0.85±0.02a	0.47±0.01a	21.40±1.00a	0.64±0.03a	0.70±0.03a
	N5	郑单958 Zhengdan985	50.13±0.44b	0.81±0.02a	0.45±0.01b	18.91±1.17b	0.64±0.03a	0.55±0.05b
	N6	陕单650 Shandan650	52.01±2.26a	0.69±0.04a	0.40±0.01a	15.65±0.96a	0.63±0.04a	0.63±0.01a
	N6	郑单958 Zhengdan985	48.96±0.95a	0.67±0.03a	0.36±0.03b	16.17±0.66b	0.61±0.04a	0.54±0.05b
2024	LNHD	陕单650 Shandan650	65.71±2.33a	-	-	-	0.70±0.02a	0.76±0.01a
	LNHD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	55.88±3.14b	-	-	-	0.64±0.02b	0.67±0.01b
	LNLD	陕单650 Shandan650	64.04±2.35a	-	-	-	0.65±0.01a	0.74±0.01a
	LNLD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	57.61±1.23b	-	-	-	0.62±0.01b	0.65±0.03b
	MNHD	陕单650 Shandan650	59.46±0.41a	1.05±0.05a	0.59±0.01a	31.46±2.10a	0.64±0.02a	0.67±0.02a
	MNHD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	54.92±1.15b	0.97±0.01a	0.56±0.01b	22.14±3.92b	0.60±0.01b	0.63±0.01b
	MNLD	陕单650 Shandan650	56.37±1.67a	1.12±0.03a	0.56±0.03a	28.37±0.93a	0.62±0.02a	0.65±0.03a
	MNLD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	51.80±2.08b	1.09±0.02a	0.50±0.02b	23.37±2.26b	0.59±0.02a	0.62±0.01a
	HNHD	陕单650 Shandan650	53.41±0.55a	0.64±0.01a	0.38±0.01a	17.67±1.20a	0.59±0.01a	0.61±0.01a
	HNHD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	51.26±0.85b	0.64±0.02a	0.35±0.01b	13.90±2.28a	0.55±0.01b	0.58±0.01b
	HNLD	陕单650 Shandan650	53.63±0.52a	0.67±0.02a	0.35±0.01a	16.17±0.53a	0.57±0.01a	0.59±0.01a
	HNLD	郑单958 Zhengdan985	50.22±0.83b	0.66±0.01a	0.32±0.01b	14.46±0.56b	0.54±0.01b	0.56±0.02a

Table 2

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年份 Year	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyze nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	pH
2023	0.54	66.12	12.64	12.14	131.11	8.5
2024	0.46	51.24	13.45	15.71	133.37	8.8

Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Stay-Green Maize Hybrids

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[2]	WANG YaFei, YAN Peng, XUE JinTao, DONG XueRui, MENG FanQi, GUO LiNa, LUO Yi, ZHANG Juan, DONG ZhiQiang, LU Lin. Effects of Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid Mixture on Root System Architecture, Physiological Function and Yield of Maize Under Heat Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1439-1455.
[3]	XU YangHaoJun, CHEN LiMing, YANG ShiQi, TANG YiFan, TAN XueMing, ZENG YongJun, PAN XiaoHua, ZENG YanHua. Effects of Long-Term Different Straw Returning Methods on Soil Organic Carbon, Nutrients and Aggregate Formation in Different Soil Layers of Double Cropping Rice Field [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1492-1506.
[4]	WANG YuPing, FU Zhi, SUN JiaYing, MU XiaoMeng, LIU HuiLin, GUO JinYun, SONG WenJing, HOU LeiPing, ZHAO HaiLiang. Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1523-1535.
[5]	WANG JiaNuo, CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao. Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1189-1202.
[6]	ZHOU XinJie, REN Hao, CHEN YingLong, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, REN BaiZhao, LIU Peng, WANG HongZhang. Effects of Calcium Peroxide on Root Morphology and Yield Formation of Summer Maize in Waterlogging Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1203-1216.
[7]	LI YongJuan, ZHANG YueTong, WANG YiBo, ZHAO ChangJiang, SONG Jie, CHEN XueLi, YAO Qin. Effects of Biochar Application on the Abundance and Community Composition of Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial nifH Gene in Soybean Rotation and Continuous Cropping Systems [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1272-1285.
[8]	LI SiYuan, LI HongPing, CHANG HongQing, ZHANG SenYan, LI SiJia, CUI XinFei, QIAO Po, ZENG Bo, LIU GuiZhen, LIU TianXue, TANG JiHua, LI ChaoHai. Effects of Density Increase on Dynamic Change of Yield and Agronomic Traits of Maize Cultivars with Different Plant Heights [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 967-984.
[9]	DONG JinLong, ZHAO Ying, YU HaiBing, LÜ JianYe, QIN JiaQi, LIANG Chen, MING Bo, LI ShaoKun. Multi-Model Elucidating of Nutritional Quality Contributions to Maize Kernel Test Weight and Regional Heterogeneity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 985-995.
[10]	GUO FuCheng, TANG HaiJiang, HAO XinYi, MA GuoLin, YANG JiuJu, HUANG LinFeng, TIAN Lei, WANG Bin, LUO ChengKe. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Water-Salt Transport, Rice Yield, and Water Use Efficiency in Saline Soil in Ningxia [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 750-764.
[11]	YANG Yan, JIANG LiHua, LI Ni, SHI Jing, TAN DeShui, LIU YuMin, ZHAO HuanYu, XU Yu. Water and Fertilizer Management for Reducing Nitrogen Leaching in Facility Vegetable Fields and Achieving Concurrent Yield Increase and Efficiency Improvement [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 850-861.
[12]	HAO Kun, CHEN HongDe, ZHANG Wei, ZHONG Yun, DANG MeiRong, ZHU ShiJiang, HUANG ZhiKun, JIN Ying. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 862-873.
[13]	YAN TingLin, DU YaDan, HU XiaoTao, WANG He, LI XiaoYan, WANG YuMing, NIU WenQuan, GU XiaoBo. The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.
[14]	YANG Rui, CHEN JingDong, HUANG Ying, XIE LingLi, ZHANG XueKun, ZHOU DengWen, LIU QingYun, XU JinSong, XU BenBo. Genetic Improvement and Configuration Analysis of High-Yield Rapeseed Lines in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 250-264.
[15]	CHEN GuiPing, WEI JinGui, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WANG FeiEr, QIU HaiLong, FENG FuXue, YIN Wen. Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.