Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 5288-5298.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.014

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation, Epitope Identification, and Preliminary Application of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Marek's Disease Virus pp38 Protein

WU ChuYan1(), LU HangQiong1, HU MingXue1, LIN YuMeng1, CHEN MengYun1, LIU ChangJun1, LIU YongZhen1, CUI HongYu1, WANG SuYan1, QI XiaoLe1, CHEN YunTong1, DUAN YuLu1, GAO YuLong1,2,3, ZHANG YanPing1,*()   

  1. 1 Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin 150069
    2 Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069
    3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses in Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2025-04-02 Accepted:2025-07-01 Online:2025-12-22 Published:2025-12-22
  • Contact: ZHANG YanPing

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to prepare monoclonal antibodies against the pp38 protein of Marek's disease virus (MDV), to identify their antigenic epitopes, and to verify their application value.【Method】The pp38 gene was amplified using the MDV-1 GA strain as a template, and a prokaryotic expression recombinant plasmid pColdⅠ-His-pp38 was constructed. The plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21, and the expression of the pp38-His recombinant protein was induced by IPTG and purified. The purified protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The purified protein was emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and used to immunize 7-week-old BALB/c mice, with immunizations repeated every two weeks. After the fifth immunization, tail blood was collected from the mice, and the serum antibody titer was detected by indirect ELISA. The mouse with the highest antibody titer was selected for a booster immunization. Three days later, splenocytes from the mouse were fused with SP2/0 cells. Positive hybridoma cell lines were screened by indirect ELISA, and after two rounds of subcloning by flow cytometry, the cells were expanded and passaged continuously for 20 generations. The stability of antibody secretion was detected by indirect ELISA. The heavy and light chain types of the antibody were identified using an antibody isotyping kit. The pp38 protein was progressively truncated and cloned into the pCAGGS-GFP vector for eukaryotic expression. Western blot was used to identify the antigenic epitope recognized by the antibody. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed using chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells transfected with pCAGGS-HA-pp38 and infected with MDV-1 strains (GA, Md5, 814, CVI988, and LMS), MDV-2 strain (SB-1) and HVT strain (FC126) as antigens and the antibody as the primary antibody, to detect the specificity of the antibody against exogenously and endogenously expressed pp38 proteins. Using CEF cells infected with the MDV-1 GA strain as the antigen, the antibody was used as the primary antibody to validate its application in detecting MDV by Western blot and flow cytometry.【Result】The recombinant plasmid pColdⅠ-His-pp38 was successfully constructed, and a high-purity pp38-His recombinant protein was obtained. Through mouse immunization, serum antibody titer determination, cell fusion experiments, and subcloning of cells, a monoclonal antibody 2E8 against MDV pp38 protein was prepared. The 2E8 antibody specifically recognized MDV-1 strains (GA, Md5, 814, CVI988 and LMS), and was identified as a κ-light-chain IgG1 type. The antigen recognition site was located within the amino acids 64-75 of the pp38 protein. The antibody was preliminarily validated for use in Western blot, IFA, and flow cytometry for the detection of MDV-1.【Conclusion】This study successfully expressed the MDV-1 pp38-His recombinant protein and prepared the monoclonal antibody 2E8, which specifically targeted the pp38 protein of MDV-1. The antigenic epitope was identified, and the application scope was preliminarily verified, laying the foundation for the epidemiological investigation of MDV, the study of the biological functions of the pp38 protein, and the investigation of its pathogenic mechanisms.

Key words: Marek’s disease virus, pp38 protein, monoclonal antibody, antigenic epitope

Table 1

PCR amplification primers of MDV pp38 fragments"

引物 Primer 上游引物 Forward primer 下游引物 Reverse primer
pp38-A1 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGAATTCGAAGCAGAACAC CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGATCCAAAGCGCTCATCTCGGCGTC
pp38-A2 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGTCGCCGACGAGGCAGGGCA CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCCCATCACCCTTTATTGGAATAGCC
pp38-A3 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGCGGGTCCAGAGGGACCGGTG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGATTCCCTGACCTCCGGGGCTCAG
pp38-A4 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGAAGGCGATAGAATGCCAGGA CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCCCCATCTGCTTCATACCATCTCCC
pp38-A5 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGAACATCTTGACGAAAGTCG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCATTAATGCGCGAACGGAATGTACA
pp38-A6 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGAGCTTGCCCAGCAGTGCGA CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCACGGATAGAATAGTACGGGGTCGT
pp38-A7 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGCTGGCCGAAAGACAAAACCC CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGAAATGACATGCACGATCCTAGTAAT
pp38-A8 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGAGTCAGAGAATGCAACAAT CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGAATGCCTGCACAGAAAGCCATTAAC
pp38-A9 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGTTCGCTGGTATGTTAGTCGG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGATTTGATTCAGATTTTGTTTCTC
pp38-B1 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGATCGGGTCCAGAGGG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGGTGAGGGGGCGGAG
pp38-B2 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGTGGAGATTCAGTTCTCCGC CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCCCCTTCCCCGTGAC
pp38-B3 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGTCTGGAGTCACGGG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCCCATCACCCTTTATTGG
pp38-C1 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGCGGGTCCAGAGGGA CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGAGAGTGAGGGGGCGG
pp38-C2 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGTCCAGAGGGACCGG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGTCCAGAGTGAGGGGGC
pp38-C3 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGCAGAGGGACCGGTGG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGGACTCCAGAGTGAGGGG
pp38-C4 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGAGGGACCGGTGGAGAT CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCGTGACTCCAGAGTGAGG
pp38-C5 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGACCGGTGGAGATTCAGT CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCCCCGTGACTCCAGAGTG
pp38-C6 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGCGGTGGAGATTCAGTTCTCC CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGCTTCCCCGTGACTCCAGA
pp38-D1 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGATCGGGTCCAGAG CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGGTGAGGGGGCGGAGAA
pp38-D2 GAAGGATGCCCAGAAGGTACCGCCACCATGGTGAGGGGGCGGAGAA CTTGCTCACGGTGGCCCCGGGAGGGGGCGGAGAACT

Fig. 1

The construction of the pColdⅠ-His-pp38 plasmid A: PCR amplification results of MDV pp38 gene；B: Identification of the construction of pColdⅠ-His-pp38 by PCR M: DNA Marker; 1-7: pColdⅠ-His-pp38; 8: Negative control"

Fig. 2

Expression and purification of pp38-His recombinant protein A: SDS-PAGE result after induction M:Protein Marker; 1:Supernatant after induction from pp38 recombinant strain; 2:Precipitation after induction from pp38 recombinant strain; 3:Bacterial lysate after induction from pp38 recombinant strain; 4:Precipitation after induction from empty vector strain; 5:Precipitation after induction from empty vector strain; 6:Bacterial lysate after induction from empty vector strain; B: SDS-PAGE result after purification M:Protein Marker; 1:Purified pp38-His recombinant protein; 2:Negative control； C: Western blot result after purification M:Protein Marker; 1:Purified pp38-His recombinant protein; 2:Negative control"

Fig. 3

The antibody titer determination in immunized mouse serum"

Fig. 4

The stability of antibody secretion by positive hybridoma cell line"

Fig. 5

The Western blot results of exogenously (A) and endogenously (B) expressed pp38 protein using pp38 MAb 2E8"

Fig. 6

The IFA detection results of pp38 MAb 2E8 A: The IFA results of endogenous pp38 protein in different MDV strains and exogenous pp38-HA recombinant protein; B: The IFA results of pp38 protein expression and localization in CEF cells"

Fig. 7

The flow cytometry detection results of MDV pp38 protein using pp38 Mab 2E8"

Fig. 8

The identification results of the pp38 MAb 2E8 subtype"

Fig. 9

Antigen epitope mapping using the pp38 MAb 2E8 A: Schematic diagram of MDV pp38 epitope mapping. Fragments of pp38 that could be recognized by pp38 MAb 2E8 are highlighted in red; B-E: Identification of the pp38 epitope recognized by pp38 MAb 2E8 by Western blotting"

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