双镇压精量匀播与氮肥用量对小麦群体结构、籽粒产量及经济效益的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.18.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of double-pressing precision uniform sowing and nitrogen (N) fertilizer interaction on wheat population construction, dry matter accumulation characteristics, and yield formation were explored, in order to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region. 【Method】The two-factor split plot experiment was conducted in Jiyang, Shandong Province from 2021 to 2024. The conventional string sowing (S1) and double-pressing precision uniform sowing (S2) were assigned to the main plots, and the N fertilizer application rates of 0, 120, 180 and 240 kg N·hm^-2 (N0, N150, N210, N240) were assigned to the subplots. The field emergence rate, tillering characteristics per plant, population dynamics, dry matter accumulation and transport, grain yield, and economic benefits of wheat under the interaction of sowing method and N application rates were systematically tested. 【Result】Compared with S1, S2 could increase the field emergence rate of wheat and enhance the tillering ability of per plant. Under the same N fertilizer application rates, the 3-year average number of tillers at seedling, wintering, jointing, and anthesis under S2 was significantly increased by 5.7%, 24.7%, 13.1% and 18.0%, respectively, and the tiller formation spikes ratio at maturity was increased by 5.5%-7.6%. Combined with N210 or N270, S2 significantly improved the aboveground dry matter accumulation at jointing, anthesis, and maturity by optimizing the aboveground dry matter accumulation rate at each growth stage, and under the same N fertilizer application rates, S2 significantly increased by 10.5%, 9.9% and 13.3% compared with S1, respectively. The translocation amount of dry matter pre-anthesis, dry matter accumulation amounts post-anthesis, and contribution rate of dry matter accumulation amount to yield post-anthesis under the two sowing methods reached a high level under N210 and N270 treatments, and S2 was significantly higher than S1, while the 3-year average increased by 7.0%-8.6%, 18.5%-27.1% and 3.5% -5.3%, respectively. The response of the harvest index to the N fertilizer application rates was different between different sowing methods. Under the S1 and S2 sowing methods, the maximum values were reached under N150 and N210 treatments for three years, and 3-year average were 2.6%-15.0% and 1.5%-16.8% higher than the other treatments, respectively, and the S2 was higher than S1 under the same N fertilizer rates. For three years, the grain yield and economic benefit of S2 were higher than those of S1 under N150, N210, and N270, and 3-year average were significantly increased by 7.6 %, 9.2 %, 16.1 % and 12.5 %, 14.0 %, 23.1 %, respectively; meantime the combination of S2 with N210 or N270 could achieve simultaneous improvement of grain yield and economic benefit. 【Conclusion】Under nitrogen-saving principles, double-pressing precision uniform sowing combined with 210 kg N·hm^-2 fertilizer application rates improved sowing conditions, increased wheat field emergence rate, optimized population spatial distribution, and synergistically improved wheat yield and economic benefits, which provided the technical support for high-yield cultivation of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region.

Key words: wheat, double-pressing, precision uniform sowing, nitrogen fertilizer, aboveground dry matter, yield

ZHAO KaiNan, ZHAO XinHao, JIANG ZongHao, PENG KeYan, LÜ Peng, WANG ZongShuai, LI HuaWei, FENG Bo, SI JiSheng, ZHANG Bin, WANG FaHong, LI ShengDong. Effects of Double-Pressing Precision Uniform Sowing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Population Structure, Grain Yield, and Economic Benefit of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3616-3631.

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Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on tillering ability per plant and tiller formation spikes ratio of wheat"

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	单株分蘖数 Tillering number per plant			分蘖成穗率 Tiller formation spikes ratio (%)
年度 Year	处理 Treatment	越冬期 Wintering	拔节期 Jointing	开花期 Anthesis	分蘖成穗率 Tiller formation spikes ratio (%)
2021—2022	S1N0	2.97±0.12b	4.08±0.17c	1.78±0.07d	43.6±0.20d
	S1N150	3.03±0.07b	4.51±0.06a	2.03±0.07bc	45.1±1.38cd
	S1N210	3.18±0.05b	4.60±0.07a	2.11±0.05abc	45.9±0.43bcd
	S1N270	3.14±0.05b	4.58±0.22a	2.13±0.09abc	46.6±0.74bc
	S2N0	3.59±0.11a	4.39±0.12bc	1.97±0.03c	44.9±0.64cd
	S2N150	3.69±0.08a	4.57±0.01a	2.18±0.05ab	47.6±1.10abc
	S2N210	3.73±0.05a	4.72±0.13a	2.28±0.01a	48.3±1.26ab
	S2N270	3.61±0.02a	4.55±0.04a	2.26±0.03a	49.6±1.05a
2022—2023	S1N0	3.13±0.14d	3.57±0.10c	1.78±0.04c	50.1±1.20bc
	S1N150	3.21±0.06cd	3.49±0.04c	1.69±0.04c	48.5±0.89c
	S1N210	3.33±0.04bc	4.12±0.11b	2.08±0.03b	50.6±0.68bc
	S1N270	3.30±0.02bc	3.95±0.10b	2.00±0.02b	50.7±1.82b
	S2N0	3.44±0.10b	3.59±0.02c	1.77±0.04c	49.4±1.25c
	S2N150	4.04±0.03a	3.97±0.14b	2.02±0.02b	49.7±0.32bc
	S2N210	4.15±0.02a	4.59±0.10a	2.45±0.08a	53.4±1.96a
	S2N270	4.04±0.11a	4.57±0.13a	2.45±0.03a	53.7±1.95a
2023—2024	S1N0	2.94±0.06e	3.30±0.13b	1.55±0.05d	47.1±1.21c
	S1N150	3.17±0.03de	3.31±0.08b	1.64±0.07c	49.4±1.71bc
	S1N210	3.11±0.09de	3.51±0.10b	1.74±0.04b	49.7±0.55bc
	S1N270	3.12±0.05de	3.40±0.07b	1.73±0.04b	50.8±0.92b
	S2N0	3.31±0.05cd	3.33±0.04b	1.58±0.09cd	47.4±2.23bc
	S2N150	3.41±0.12bc	3.53±0.12b	1.70±0.09b	48.1±1.31bc
	S2N210	3.62±0.05a	3.81±0.08a	2.08±0.03a	54.6±1.53a
	S2N270	3.74±0.08a	3.81±0.14a	2.05±0.02a	54.0±1.91a
3年平均 3-year average	S1N0	3.01±0.07d	3.65±0.13d	1.70±0.05c	46.9±0.83c
	S1N150	3.14±0.01cd	3.76±0.04cd	1.78±0.05c	47.7±1.02bc
	S1N210	3.21±0.02c	4.07±0.05b	1.98±0.01b	48.7±0.53bc
	S1N270	3.19±0.03c	3.96±0.09bc	1.95±0.01b	49.4±1.15b
	S2N0	3.44±0.04b	3.76±0.01cd	1.77±0.02c	47.2±0.54bc
	S2N150	3.71±0.03a	4.06±0.06b	1.97±0.04b	48.5±0.35bc
	S2N210	3.83±0.04a	4.37±0.05a	2.27±0.02a	52.1±0.56a
	S2N270	3.80±0.02a	4.31±0.04a	2.25±0.02a	52.4±0.22a
变异来源 Source of variance (F value)	年度 Year (Y)	4.4*	56.6**	8.6**	15.8**
	播种 Sowing (S)	117.5**	4.7*	6.2**	4.0**
	氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	1.3	4.12**	12.7**	6.4**
	播种×氮肥 S×N	1.6	0.8	3.7*	2.9*

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on dry matter translocation amount pre-anthesis and dry matter accumulation amount post- anthesis in wheat"

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质转运量Translocation amount of dry matter pre-anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	花前干物质转运率Translocation ratio of dry matter pre-anthesis (%)	花后干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation amount post-anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	花后干物质积累量贡献率 Contribution rate of dry matter accumulation amount to yield post-anthesis(%)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2021—2022	S1N0	2333.8±90.5c	20.1±0.76abc	4343.8±253.1d	65.0±2.04c	41.9±0.44d
	S1N150	2995.8±93.9b	22.1±0.69a	5962.2±77.8c	66.6±0.73bc	46.0±1.13ab
	S1N210	3106.7±103.4b	20.2±0.66abc	6860.9±237.2b	68.8±1.19b	44.8±0.44bc
	S1N270	3004.1±90.4b	19.3±0.58bc	6691.9±100.0b	69.0±0.80b	43.7±0.48cd
	S2N0	2441.4±84.2c	19.9±0.69abc	4702.2±113.4d	65.8±0.95c	42.1±0.35d
	S2N150	3162.1±80.3ab	21.4±0.93ab	7027.4±230.1b	68.9±0.80b	46.7±0.52ab
	S2N210	3341.9±98.7a	20.2±0.58abc	8493.1±127.9a	71.8±0.78a	47.2±0.69a
	S2N270	3174.2±45.3ab	18.7±0.25c	8198.9±335.8a	72.0±1.07a	45.1±1.04ab
2022—2023	S1N0	2208.9±84.5e	20.9±0.79c	3555.8±56.4d	61.7±1.39c	40.8±0.60b
	S1N150	2941.0±46.3d	24.4±0.39a	5740.3±262.6c	66.1±1.24b	48.8±0.81a
	S1N210	3278.8±41.8b	23.0±0.30a	6593.0±180.3b	66.8±0.32b	47.4±0.27a
	S1N270	3193.5±36.8bc	23.2±0.26a	6233.8±134.9bc	66.1±0.58b	47.1±0.67a
	S2N0	2277.2±83.8e	21.2±0.76bc	3786.6±118.7d	62.5±0.87c	41.8±0.11b
	S2N150	3065.3±81.5cd	23.0±0.61a	6741.8±109.5b	68.7±0.69ab	48.9±0.80a
	S2N210	3441.0±51.9a	22.8±0.34ab	8023.2±257.5a	70.0±0.68a	49.6±0.42a
	S2N270	3284.8±53.4ab	21.2±0.35bc	7706.7±287.1a	70.1±0.66a	47.3±0.57a
2023—2024	S1N0	1967.4±77.0d	20.3±0.79cd	3332.9±35.9e	62.9±0.71d	40.8±0.65c
	S1N150	2730.4±44.4c	24.5±0.22a	4955.0±88.8d	64.5±0.62cd	47.8±0.52ab
	S1N210	3073.6±63.3b	22.2±0.48b	6243.3±116.4c	67.0±0.83bc	46.4±0.33b
	S1N270	3226.0±83.9b	23.1±0.58ab	5933.4±176.0c	64.8±1.16cd	46.1±0.65b
	S2N0	2106.0±59.0d	20.0±0.34d	3661.2±100.4e	63.5±0.67d	40.7±0.10c
	S2N150	3041.9±111.4b	24.0±0.86a	5963.9±71.5c	66.2±0.81bc	48.3±0.55ab
	S2N210	3487.1±46.0a	21.8±0.17bc	8520.4±292.2a	70.9±0.61a	49.0±0.72a
	S2N270	3544.2±89.1a	21.8±0.55bc	7663.0±208.5b	68.4±1.06ab	46.8±0.23b
3年平均 3-year average	S1N0	2170.0±47.7d	20.4±0.47d	3744.2±84.2g	63.2±0.81e	41.2±0.33d
	S1N150	2889.0±76.4c	23.7±0.35a	5552.5±129.6e	65.7±0.67cd	47.4±0.34ab
	S1N210	3153.0±61.7b	21.8±0.44b	6565.7±81.4cd	67.5±0.59b	46.2±0.14c
	S1N270	3141.2±53.4b	21.9±0.37b	6286.4±67.7d	66.6±0.43bc	45.5±0.40c
	S2N0	2274.9±66.2d	20.4±0.58d	4050.0±59.6f	63.9±0.74de	41.6±0.57d
	S2N150	3089.8±22.0b	22.8±0.12ab	6577.7±76.1cd	68.0±0.25b	47.9±0.12a
	S2N210	3423.3±66.8a	21.6±0.25bc	8345.6±70.4a	70.9±0.35a	48.6±0.31a
	S2N270	3334.4±14.3a	20.5±0.03cd	7856.2±136.1b	70.2±0.41a	46.4±0.52bc
变异来源 Source of variance (F value)	年度 Year (Y)	4.5*	119.4**	45.7**	47.7**	21.1**
	播种 Sowing (S)	55.7**	8.9*	229.0**	39.1**	30.2**
	氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	238.8**	24.1**	704.5**	41.3**	102.6**
	播种×氮肥 S×N	1.1	1.5	30.5**	4.6*	3.5*

Table 3

Table 4

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处理 Treatment	种子及肥料 Seed and fertilizers (yuan·kg^-1)					灌溉、机械及药剂 Irrigation, machinery and herbicide (yuan·km^-2)
处理 Treatment	种子价格 Seed price	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Triple superphosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate	作物单价 Crop price	灌溉 Irrigation	耕作 Tillage	播种 Sowing	收获 Harvest	除草剂 Herbicide
S1N0	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	1200	525	900	375
S1N150	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	1200	525	900	375
S1N210	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	1200	525	900	375
S1N270	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	1200	525	900	375
S2N0	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	375
S2N150	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	375
S2N210	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	375
S2N270	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	375

处理 Treatment	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)				经济效益 Economic benefits (yuan·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	2021—2022	2022—2023	2023—2024	平均 Average	2021—2022	2022—2023	2023—2024	平均 Average
S1N0	6920.1±184.4f	5756.4±41.6e	5345.5±81.3d	6007.3±75.8e	13794.3±287.4f	10652.2±112.5e	9542.9±219.4d	11329.8±204.7e
S1N150	8229.1±266.9d	8309.2±144.4d	8544.3±129.1c	8360.8±146.0d	17058.6±416.1d	17274.7±389.9d	17909.5±348.7c	17414.3±394.1c
S1N210	9068.9±167.8b	9547.4±133.6b	9106.1±141.6b	9240.7±122.6b	19217.9±261.6b	20509.4±625.1b	19318.6±382.4b	19682.0±191.1b
S1N270	8693.5±71.4c	9099.9±138.3c	9012.3±143.7b	8935.2±70.9c	18096.5±192.7c	19193.7±373.5c	18957.3±388.1bc	18749.2±192.8c
S2N0	7303.7±166.5d	5969.7±80.4e	5602.8±180.4d	6292.0±71.0e	15279.9±449.7e	11678.1±217.1e	10687.6±281.2d	12548.5±191.5d
S2N150	8920.8±153.2b	9161.1±140.6bc	8879.3±157.9bc	8998.7±53.5bc	19376.1±413.7b	20119.5±379.6bc	19264.0±426.3b	19586.5±144.4b
S2N210	9799.8±113.8a	10145.7±271.6a	10336.7±287.5a	10094.1±250.5a	21641.5±307.4a	22575.5±733.4a	23091.2±448.2a	22436.1±390.6a
S2N270	9905.3±243.2a	10542.4±242.9a	10660.3±236.8a	10369.3±191.3a	21818.3±656.6a	23538.6±655.7a	23856.9±639.4a	23071.2±516.5a
F值 F value
年度 Year (Y)	2.52				2.46
播种 Sowing (S)	215.6**				312.8**
氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	968.7**				893.2**
播种×氮肥 S×N	18.9**				19.1**

Effects of Double-Pressing Precision Uniform Sowing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on Population Structure, Grain Yield, and Economic Benefit of Wheat

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