陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The analysis of the differences and relationships of boll morphological characteristics, boll weight, fiber and kernel quality between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were carried out in this study, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new cotton varieties and the cultivation of high yield and quality. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out in Xinjiang Wulan Wusu Agricultural Meteorological Station from 2022 to 2023. 299 accessions of G. hirsutum and 274 accessions of G. barbadense were selected, and the effects of boll morphological characteristics on fiber and kernel quality of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were determined by correlation, principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis. 【Result】 The boll length of G. barbadense varied from 3.79 to 6.20 cm, which was significantly higher than that of G. hirsutum, while the boll diameter, surface area and volume of G. hirsutum were higher than those of G. barbadense, and the boll diameter ranged from 2.81 to 4.27 cm, the surface area and volume were 21.86 to 37.42 cm² and 14.76 to 33.58 cm³, respectively; the strength of G. hirsutum increased with the increase of boll diameter, and the fiber quality of G. barbadense increased with the increase of boll volume. The bur weight of G. barbadense was 0.97 g, which was significantly lower than that of G. hirsutum by 37.01%. The bur mass per area of G. hirsutum was significantly higher than that of G. barbadense, and its variation range was 2.24 to 9.88 g·dm^-2. The upper half mean length and strength of G. hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area; the upper half mean length of G. barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area, and the strength was significantly positively correlated with bur weight. The increase of bur weight and bur mass per area were significantly positively correlated with the increase in boll weight. The fiber weight and seed weight of G. hirsutum ranged from 0.85 to 3.69 g and 1.85 to 6.16 g, which were 48.34% and 37.97% higher than those of G. barbadense, respectively. The upper half mean length and strength of G. hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with seed weight, while G. barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with fiber weight. The oil content of G. barbadense kernel was 35.04%, significantly higher than that of G. hirsutum by 1.75%, and the protein content of G. hirsutum kernel was 40.75%, significantly higher than that of G. barbadense by 2.86%. There was a significant negative correlation between fiber quality and kernel protein content. With the increase of protein content, the upper half mean length and strength decreased significantly. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the difference in the distribution of photosynthetic products in fiber and kernel was the main reason for the difference in fiber quality between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Expanding the storage capacity of cotton boll could synergistically increase the boll weight and strength of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.

Key words: cotton, boll morphological, characteristics, fiber quality, kernel quality

TANG ChaoYuan, LIU TaoFen, WU YanQin, ZHANG QiPeng, LI ZiLiang, CHEN YunRui, LEI ZhangYing, ZHANG YaLi, ZHANG WangFeng, DU MingWei, YANG MingFeng, TIAN JingShan. Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(15): 2980-2992.

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指标 Index	陆地棉 G. hirsutum		海岛棉 G. barbadense
指标 Index	I式果枝 Fruit branch I	II式果枝 Fruit branch II	零式果枝 Fruit branch 0	II式果枝 Fruit branch II
生育期 Growth period (d)	126—140	128—140	125—139	134—148
单铃重 Boll weight (g)	5.4—6.1	5.3—6.4	3.6—4.1	3.5—4.0
衣分 Lint percentage (%)	38.7—41.9	38.0—43.0	37.4—39.9	36.9—39.4
长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	28.2—30.2	28.1—30.8	34.6—38.1	34.4—37.3
断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	29.5—31.7	29.5—32.1	35.0—41.5	34.2—37.2
马克隆值 Micronaire	4.1—4.4	4.0—4.6	3.8—4.4	3.9—4.4
材料个数 Number	55	244	140	134

指标 Index	平均值±标准差 Mean±standard deviation		变化范围 Variation range
指标 Index	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense
铃长Boll length (cm)	4.75±0.39b	4.81±0.40a	3.80—5.98	3.79—6.20
铃直径Boll diameter (cm)	3.57±0.24a	2.91±0.21b	2.81—4.27	2.34—3.87
铃长宽比Aspect ratio (cm/cm)	1.33±0.11b	1.66±0.14a	1.08—1.67	1.17—2.15
铃表面积Boll surface area (cm²)	29.19±2.68a	25.04±2.17b	21.86—37.42	19.57—32.89
铃体积Boll volume (cm³)	23.62±3.24a	14.94±2.51b	14.76—33.58	8.62—23.99
单铃重Boll weight (g)	5.50±0.77a	3.88±0.46b	2.70—8.43	2.37—6.64
单铃纤维重Fiber weight (g)	2.24±0.39a	1.51±0.19b	0.85—3.69	1.04—2.94
单铃棉籽重Seed weight (g)	3.27±0.51a	2.37±0.30b	1.85—6.16	1.32—3.87
衣分Lint percentage (%)	40.62±4.20a	38.92±2.38b	21.77—49.58	26.75—54.03
铃壳重Bur weight (g)	1.54±0.26a	0.97±0.24b	0.76—2.75	0.50—2.74
比壳重Bur mass per area (g·dm^-2)	5.32±0.89a	3.90±0.95b	2.24—9.88	2.14—9.94
铃壳率Bur rate (%)	21.97±2.55a	19.91±3.26b	12.64—32.18	12.86—42.11

指标 Index	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3
铃长 Boll length	0.175	0.021	-0.005
铃直径 Boll diameter	0.283	-0.028	-0.017
铃长宽比 Aspect ratio	-0.058	0.042	0.009
铃表面积 Boll surface area	0.276	-0.021	-0.009
铃体积 Boll volume	0.276	-0.021	-0.009
单铃重 Boll weight	0.026	0.07	0.045
单铃纤维重 Fiber weight	-0.003	0.081	-0.001
单铃棉籽重 Seed weight	0.043	0.047	0.069
衣分 Lint percentage	-0.045	0.046	-0.068
铃壳重 Bur weight	0.042	-0.018	0.348
比壳重 Bur mass per area	-0.098	-0.003	0.350
铃壳率 Bur rate	0.022	-0.080	0.363
纤维长度 Upper half mean length	-0.035	0.395	-0.044
断裂比强度 Strength	-0.021	0.392	-0.031
马克隆值 Micronaire	-0.036	-0.249	0.034
油脂含量 Oil content	-0.008	-0.202	-0.047
蛋白质含量 Protein content	0.070	-0.079	0.076

指标 Index	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3
铃长 Boll length	0.204	-0.012	0.005
铃直径 Boll diameter	0.290	-0.003	0.023
铃长宽比 Aspect ratio	-0.051	-0.010	-0.014
铃表面积 Boll surface area	0.299	-0.022	0.023
铃体积 Boll volume	0.299	-0.022	0.023
单铃重 Boll weight	-0.021	0.361	-0.057
单铃纤维重 Fiber weight	0.014	0.309	-0.057
单铃棉籽重 Seed weight	-0.037	0.342	-0.049
衣分 Lint percentage	0.063	-0.078	-0.002
铃壳重 Bur weight	0.043	0.021	0.335
比壳重 Bur mass per area	-0.049	0.024	0.311
铃壳率 Bur rate	0.061	-0.161	0.415
纤维长度 Upper half mean length	-0.023	0.010	0.047
断裂比强度 Strength	0.078	-0.159	0.125
马克隆值 Micronaire	0.040	0.003	-0.057
油脂含量 Oil content	-0.011	0.044	-0.089
蛋白质含量 Protein content	0.024	0.022	0.028

Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.

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