河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断技术研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.06.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The mineral element content in leaves of Liaoning 1 walnut in Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province were determined and the nutritional status of leaves were diagnosed, so as to provide the basis for scientific fertilization for Liaoning 1. 【Method】 The content of mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves at different developmental stages were measured to determine the sampling time of leaf nutritional diagnosis. Component nutritional diagnosis (CND) method was used to establish the standard values of element contents for the nutritional diagnosis of Liaoning 1. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (L-DRIS), CND, and deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) methods were used to diagnose the leaf nutritional status in low-yielding orchards to provide fertilization strategies. 【Result】 The suitable period for leaf nutritional diagnosis of Liaoning 1 in Taihang Mountains of Hebei province from August to September. Correlation analysis showed that the mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves from Taihang Mountain area mainly had synergistic effects, and there was strong antagonistic interaction between K and Mg. Based on the CND analysis, the yield of 3.64 t∙hm^-2 was selected as the yield cutoff value of high-yielding orchards. The optimal values of mineral element content determined by high-yielding orchards were N (13.04-17.04) g∙kg^-1, P (0.67-1.23) g∙kg^-1, K (5.94-10.64) g∙kg^-1, Ca (15.64-22.16) g∙kg^-1, Mg (3.80-6.62) g∙kg^-1, Cu (5.14-8.48) mg∙kg^-1, Fe (437.38-794.58) mg∙kg^-1, Mn (126.94-172.02) mg∙kg^-1, and Zn (14.59-34.25) mg∙kg^-1. There were differences in the abundance and deficiency of mineral elements in Liaoning 1 leaves of low-yielding orchards obtained through L-DRIS, CND, and DOP methods, and the diagnosis results of L-DRIS and CND methods were more consistent. The fertilization order of low-yielding orchards in Taihang Mountain of Hebei province was K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu. 【Conclusion】 It was suggested that K should be the main fertilizer, combined with N and P, while excessive applications of Mg and Cu should be avoided in low-yielding orchards.

Key words: walnut, nutritional diagnosis, CND method, optimal values

AN XiuHong, SUN Yan, WANG Fang, FENG QiKe, WANG Ning, LI JinJin, ZHANG JunPei, WANG HongXia. Research on Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Liaoning 1 Walnut in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(6): 1153-1166.

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Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

The yield of walnut orchards"

编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)	编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)	编号 No.	产量 Yield (t∙hm^-2)
唐县66 Tangxian66	5.17	曲阳25 Quyang25	3.51	邢台84 Xingtai84	2.84
唐县76 Tangxian76	5.18	唐县20 Tangxian20	3.46	临城32 Lincheng32	2.78
唐县68 Tangxian68	4.84	涉县45 Shexian45	3.45	唐县22 Tangxian22	2.75
赞皇2 Zanhuang2	4.83	井陉60 Jingxing60	3.46	邢台80 Xingtai80	2.70
赞皇1 Zanhuang1	4.74	井陉64 Jingxing64	3.39	赞皇54 Zanhuang54	2.64
邢台67 Xingtai67	4.74	邢台85 Xingtai85	3.38	邢台69 Xingtai69	2.48
邢台77 Xingtai77	4.73	井陉62 Jingxing62	3.36	涉县51 Shexian51	2.46
邢台78 Xingtai78	4.72	赞皇10 Zanhuang10	3.35	武安39 Wu’an39	2.44
赞皇3 Zanhuang3	4.56	赞皇15 Zanhuang15	3.33	武安40 Wu’an40	2.43
邢台72 Xingtai72	4.53	唐县19 Tangxian19	3.32	武安41 Wu’an41	2.40
邢台73 Xingtai73	4.52	曲阳24 Quyang24	3.32	临城31 Lincheng31	2.39
邢台79 Xingtai79	4.28	井陉61 Jingxing61	3.30	邢台83 Xingtai83	2.34
赞皇7 Zanhuang7	4.25	涉县50 Shexian50	3.24	武安42 Wu’an42	2.25
赞皇6 Zanhuang6	4.13	唐县18 Tangxian18	3.23	武安43 Wu’an43	2.24
赞皇14 Zanhuang14	4.04	唐县17 Tangxian17	3.15	邢台92 Xingtai92	2.22
元氏57 Yuanshi57	4.02	唐县21 Tangxian21	3.15	涉县47 Shexian47	2.08
邢台70 Xingtai70	3.94	涉县44 Shexian44	3.15	邢台81 Xingtai81	2.03
赞皇12 Zanhuang12	3.92	赞皇56 Zanhuang54	3.15	顺平37 Shunping37	2.01
元氏59 Yuanshi59	3.91	邢台75 Xingtai75	3.14	邢台86 Xingtai86	1.85
赞皇13 Zanhuang13	3.89	井陉63 Jingxing63	3.14	邢台89 Xingtai89	1.55
元氏58 Yuanshi58	3.87	涉县49 Shexian49	3.12	邢台93 Xingtai93	1.44
赞皇5 Zanhuang5	3.75	唐县23 Tangxian23	3.08	邢台82 Xingtai82	1.35
赞皇16 Zanhuang16	3.75	邢台71 Xingtai71	3.04	邢台88 Xingtai88	1.34
赞皇52 Zanhuang52	3.74	邢台87 Xingtai87	3.04	顺平38 Shunping38	1.20
邢台90 Xingtai90	3.71	临城28 Lincheng28	3.02	顺平36 Shunping36	1.04
赞皇8 Zanhuang8	3.68	赞皇4 Zanhuang4	3.01	顺平34 Shunping34	0.84
赞皇11 Zanhuang11	3.67	临城29 Lincheng29	3.01	临城30 Lincheng30	0.75
涉县46 Shexian46	3.62	涉县48 Shexian48	2.97	顺平33 Shunping33	0.75
赞皇55 Zanhuang55	3.62	临城27 Lincheng27	2.93	顺平35 Shunping35	0.71
邢台74 Xingtai74	3.61	邢台65 Xingtai65	2.93	邢台94 Xingtai94	0.68
赞皇53 Zanhuang53	3.54	邢台91 Xingtai91	2.90
赞皇9 Zanhuang9	3.53	曲阳26 Quyang26	2.84

Table 3

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Table 5

Table 6

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Table 9

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时间（月-日） Time (M-D)	N	P	K	Ca	Cu	Fe	Mg	Mn	Zn
5-4	0.609	0.838	0.286	-0.328	-0.767	-0.995**	0.233	0.542	-0.983*
6-6	-0.201	0.889	0.599	-0.158	0.402	0.11	0.727	0.883	0.260
7-7	0.911	0.812	0.539	0.774	0.889	0.833	0.813	0.219	-0.473
8-12	0.643	-0.921	-0.405	0.919	0.771	0.531	0.966*	0.781	-0.575
9-2	0.502	-0.673	0.536	0.795	0.785	0.744	0.832	0.886	0.900

元素 Element	累积方差函数F^C_i（V_x）与产量（Y）之间的函数式 Function between F^C_i (V_x) and yield (Y)	产量拐点 Yield at inflection point (t∙hm^-2)
N	F^C_i（V_N）=4.4793Y³-43.221Y²+96.247Y+37.69（R²=0.9809）	3.22
P	F^C_i（V_P）=-0.8969Y³+6.252Y²-26.809Y+94.36（R²=0.9601）	2.32
K	F^C_i（V_K）=-1.5858Y³+17.32Y²-66.391Y+95.064（R²=0.7466）	3.64
Ca	F^C_i（V_Ca）=-0.9607Y³+7.1506Y²-29.851Y+95.241（R²=0.9283）	2.48
Mg	F^C_i（V_Mg）=2.9072Y³-26.402Y²+47.272Y+58.744（R²=0.9681）	3.02
Cu	F^C_i（V_Cu）=3.4702Y³-24.403Y²+15.803Y+105.98（R²=0.9476）	2.34
Fe	F^C_i（V_Fe）=4.4661Y³-41.06Y²+83.777Y+50.262（R²=0.9857）	3.06
Mn	F^C_i（V_Mn）=3.6101Y³-31.227Y²+51.428Y+74.014（R²=0.9949）	2.88
Zn	F^C_i（V_Zn）=3.2087Y³-32.114Y²+69.841Y+57.054（R²=0.99）	3.34
分析参数Norms R	F^C_i（V_R）=4.8623Y³-46.297Y²+102.88Y+33.925（R²=0.9809）	3.17

元素 Element	高产园High-yielding orchards
元素 Element	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	含量适宜值 CCV	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD
N (g∙kg^-1)	20.93	11.68	15.04	2.00	15.04±2	20.59	9.86	14.95	2.25
P (g∙kg^-1)	1.59	0.66	0.95	0.28	0.95±0.28	2.14	0.49	0.88	0.28
K (g∙kg^-1)	13.73	4.27	8.29	2.35	8.29±2.35	11.50	3.53	6.54	2.14
Ca (g∙kg^-1)	22.90	10.24	18.90	3.26	18.90±3.26	22.98	9.11	18.55	2.76
Mg (g∙kg^-1)	6.99	3.08	5.21	1.41	5.21±1.41	9.55	2.63	6.11	1.49
Cu (mg∙kg^-1)	10.75	3.58	6.81	1.67	6.81±1.67	12.93	3.43	7.69	1.53
Fe (mg∙kg^-1)	1129.68	358.68	615.98	178.60	615.98±178.60	1282.83	381.93	691.81	173.27
Mn (mg∙kg^-1)	314.33	51.75	149.48	22.54	149.48±22.54	350.83	49.83	154.72	67.78
Zn (mg∙kg^-1)	46.08	10.25	24.42	9.83	24.42±9.83	59.68	12.75	25.04	7.48

元素 Element	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
N	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
P	-0.017	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
K	0.18	0.034	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
Ca	0.011	0.034	0.017	1	-	-	-	-	-
Mg	-0.061	0.093	-0.613**	0.495**	1	-	-	-	-
Cu	-0.051	0.049	0.094	-0.019	-0.194	1		-	-
Fe	0.270*	0.037	0.09	0.034	-0.058	0.136	1	-	-
Mn	-0.037	-0.014	0.083	0.2	0.047	0.088	-0.003	1	-
Zn	-0.147	-0.128	0.222	0.326**	-0.177	-0.017	-0.234	0.234	1

地点Site	I_N	I_P	I_K	I_Ca	I_Mg	I_Cu	I_Fe	I_Mn	I_Zn	NBIm
赞皇 Zanhuang	-6.85	-1.01	-8.15	0.52	3.69	1.88	5.53	2.79	1.59	6.80
唐县 Tangxian	-2.26	-1.89	0.31	-0.88	-3.05	5.83	-1.01	-2.54	5.50	4.35
曲阳 Quyang	-0.65	1.07	-9.27	4.54	12.39	-2.26	0.45	-0.06	-6.21	4.82
临城 Lincheng	-7.76	-3.51	-6.23	-10.56	-10.22	47.72	0.03	-2.50	-6.97	13.31
顺平 Shunping	-5.16	-4.64	-11.85	-1.33	10.51	10.14	2.86	-0.37	-0.15	6.73
武安 Wu’an	-4.01	-6.51	-1.06	-3.29	-5.67	4.57	7.16	6.69	2.14	5.51
涉县 Shexian	-0.58	-4.99	-10.51	-1.12	0.92	1.38	9.00	5.55	0.35	6.19
元氏 Yuanshi	1.93	-0.50	-2.08	1.58	-0.06	2.40	1.19	-3.23	-1.24	6.63
井陉 Jingxing	2.21	-3.47	-6.68	-4.35	2.27	1.69	-0.04	10.28	-1.91	5.42
邢台 Xingtai	3.63	-1.35	-8.03	4.39	8.77	0.68	-2.71	-3.49	-1.88	7.64
太行山区 Taihang	-1.42	-2.72	-7.09	-0.35	3.04	6.74	1.67	0.75	-0.62	7.00

Research on Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Liaoning 1 Walnut in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province

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地点 Site	I_N	I_P	I_K	I_Ca	I_Mg	I_Cu	I_Fe	I_Mn	I_Zn	CNDr²
赞皇 Zanhuang	-0.97	-0.01	-0.93	0.35	0.73	0.45	1.00	0.37	0.32	10.95
唐县 Tangxian	-0.24	-0.21	0.06	0.11	-0.24	1.13	-0.02	-0.19	0.71	4.38
曲阳 Quyang	-0.06	0.30	-1.00	0.92	1.90	-0.20	0.26	0.05	-0.56	6.71
临城 Lincheng	-0.66	-0.13	-0.48	-0.18	-0.50	1.34	0.83	0.00	-0.23	8.54
顺平 Shunping	-0.73	-0.41	-1.33	0.40	1.81	1.89	0.73	0.08	0.21	11.98
武安 Wu’an	-0.53	-0.80	-0.12	-0.25	-0.59	0.98	1.23	0.76	0.37	6.81
涉县 Shexian	-0.12	-0.49	-1.17	0.10	0.34	0.37	1.52	0.64	0.18	8.85
元氏 Yuanshi	0.30	-0.02	-0.21	0.33	0.07	0.44	0.25	-0.32	-0.11	10.64
井陉 Jingxing	0.23	-0.35	-0.76	-0.53	0.36	0.22	0.05	1.08	-0.13	5.30
邢台 Xingtai	0.48	-0.06	-0.88	0.84	1.34	0.22	-0.30	-0.33	-0.14	13.54
太行山区 Taihang	-0.17	-0.22	-0.77	0.31	0.67	0.65	0.46	0.15	0.09	9.70

地点Site	I_N	I_P	I_K	I_Ca	I_Mg	I_Cu	I_Fe	I_Mn	I_Zn	NBI_m
赞皇 Zanhuang	-10.26	4.09	-20.91	13.97	22.21	15.51	30.48	22.22	17.23	10.51
唐县 Tangxian	7.086	-2.30	12.50	12.48	4.597	28.91	8.99	-10.38	33.98	10.65
曲阳 Quyang	6.65	15.04	-27.00	22.48	48.56	2.84	9.88	-5.19	-13.76	6.61
临城 Lincheng	-4.48	-1.20	-9.02	5.35	-1.57	16.48	24.93	-2.52	-3.56	2.71
顺平 Shunping	-11.37	-16.17	-37.85	8.79	40.94	32.83	15.16	-5.73	3.41	3.34
武安 Wu’an	2.92	-20.38	7.39	9.86	1.46	31.26	41.96	39.43	20.93	14.98
涉县 Shexian	2.99	-17.44	-33.08	5.87	11.26	10.23	37.81	26.76	4.69	5.45
元氏 Yuanshi	4.34	-1.92	-9.02	2.44	0.27	4.73	2.16	-18.15	-8.24	2.60
井陉 Jingxing	13.72	-11.06	-18.79	-2.32	12.67	8.93	5.62	62.49	-2.18	7.68
邢台 Xingtai	2.96	-7.15	-32.87	4.62	21.24	-6.12	-15.40	-27.83	-15.48	8.45
太行山区 Taihang	0.83	-7.09	-20.72	7.82	17.26	84.04	12.31	3.51	2.55	11.17

地点 Site	L-DRIS	CND	DOP
赞皇 Zanhuang	K>N>P>Ca>Zn>Cu>Mn>Mg>Fe	N>K>P>Zn>Ca>Mn>Cu>Mg>Fe	K>N>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Mg>Mn>Fe
唐县 Tangxian	Mg>N>P>Mn>Fe>Ca>K>Zn>Cu	Mg>N>P>Mn>Fe>K>Ca>Zn>Cu	Mn>P>Mg>N>Fe>Ca>K>Cu>Zn
曲阳 Quyang	K>Zn>Cu>N>Mn>Fe>P>Ca>Mg	K>Zn>Cu>N>Mn>Fe>P>Ca>Mg	K>Zn>Mn>Cu>N>Fe>P>Ca>Mg
临城 Lincheng	Ca>Mg>N>Zn>K>P>Mn>Fe>Cu	N>Mg>K>Zn>Ca>P>Mn>Fe>Cu	K>N>Zn>Mn>Mg>P>Ca>Cu>Fe
顺平 Shunping	K>N>P>Ca>Mn>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mg	K>N>P>Mn>Zn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu	K>P>N>Mn>Zn>Ca>Fe>Cu>Mg
武安 Wu’an	P>Mg>N>Ca>K>Zn>Cu>Mn>Fe	P>Mg>N>Ca>K>Zn>Mn>Cu>Fe	P>Mg>N>K>Ca>Zn>Cu>Mn>Fe
涉县 Shexian	K>P>Ca>N>Zn>Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe	K>P>N>Ca>Zn>Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe	K>P>N>Zn>Ca>Cu>Mg>Mn>Fe
元氏 Yuanshi	Mn>K>Zn>P>Mg>Fe>Ca>N>Cu	Mn>K>Zn>P>Mg>Fe>N>Ca>Cu	Mn>K>Zn>P>Mg>Fe>Ca>N>Cu
井陉 Jingxing	K>Ca>P>Zn>Fe>Cu>N>Mg>Mn	K>Ca>P>Zn>Fe>Cu>N>Mg>Mn	K>P>Ca>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mg>N>Mn
邢台 Xingtai	K>Mn>Fe>Zn>P>Cu>N>Ca>Mg	K>Mn>Fe>Zn>P>Cu>N>Ca>Mg	K>Mn>Zn>Fe>P>Cu>N>Ca>Mg
太行山区 Taihang	K>P>N>Zn>Ca>Mn>Fe>Mg>Cu	K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Cu>Mg	K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu

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