中国板栗36个叶片表型性状的多样性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the variation patterns and diversity characteristics of leaf phenotypic traits of Chinese chestnut, so as to provide the scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of Chinese chestnut resources.【Method】Thirty-six leaf phenotypic traits (including 31 quantitative traits and 5 quality traits) of 240 Chinese chestnut germplasms from 10 provinces (populations) were measured. Variance analysis, multi-comparison, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were used to explore the phenotypic diversity of chestnut leaf and the correlation between leaf phenotypic traits and climate factors.【Result】There were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in 31 leaf quantitative traits within the population, and there were significant or extremely significant differences in 15 quantitative traits (leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width, sawtooth height, etc) and 3 quality traits (leaf shape, shape of leaf base, and leaf margin sawtooth direction) among populations, indicating the abundant variation among and within populations. The average of phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations was 7.95%, which was much less than that within populations (92.05%), illustrating that the variation within populations was the main source of leaf phenotypic variation. The average variation coefficient (CV) and the Shannon-Wiener index (H′) of leaf phenotypic traits were 18.05% and 1.27, respectively. Among the five quality traits, the CV and H' of leaf shape were the highest (35.67%, 0.86), the CV and H ' of leaf margin character were the lowest (5.60%, 0.07). The CV of 31 quantitative traits ranged from 8.68% (leaf length/width) to 32.73% (sawtooth depth), and the H′ ranged from 1.54 (fuzz density on the back of leaf) to 2.09 (looseness of leaf tissue). The average H′ of appearance, physiological and anatomical structure were 2.03, 2.04 and 2.04, respectively, and the average CV from high to low was 15.27% (appearance) >15.18% (physiological) >12.17% (anatomical structure). The average CV of leaf phenotypic traits in 10 populations ranged from 17.11% (Shaanxi) to 19.66% (Shandong), and the average H' in 10 populations ranged from 0.99 (Anhui) to 1.80 (Hebei). Most of the 36 leaf phenotypic traits of chestnut were significant or extremely significant correlated with geographical and ecological factors. The temperature indexes, such as annual mean temperature and average annual rainfall, were negatively correlated with leaf base shape, sawtooth height and other traits (longitude and latitude were positively correlated with them), and were positively correlated with leaf length/width (longitude and latitude were negatively correlated with them). 【Conclusion】There were abundant variations in leaf phenotypic traits among and within populations, but the variation within populations was the main source of chestnut leaf phenotypic variation. Therefore, the research should focus on a wide range of surveys of individual genotypes, and the populations with relatively rich and uniform variation could be used as the key reference areas when the phenotypic traits of leaf were taken as the research object for breeding varieties with stress resistance and high photosynthetic efficiency or the related research. Most of the appearance and physiological characters of chestnut leafs showed gradient regularity dominated by temperature and rainfall factors.

Key words: chestnut, leaf phenotypic trait, among population, within population, variation pattern, phenotypic diversity

GUO Yan, ZHANG ShuHang, LI Ying, ZHANG XinFang, WANG GuangPeng. Diversity Analysis of 36 Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Chinese Chestnut[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 991-1009.

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URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.05.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2022/V55/I5/991

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Type, name, source and number of 240 resources in chestnut"

编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型 Type	编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型Type
1	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	燕宝 Yanbao	B	121	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	燕秋 Yanqiu	B
2	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	短刺大青袍Duanci Daqingpao	B	122	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	燕光 Yanguang	B
3	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	YZ-1	B	123	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	燕山短枝Yanshan Duanzhi	B
4	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	燕丽Yanli	B	124	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	YL-1	B
5	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	遵玉Zunyu	B	125	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	冀栗1号Jili 1	B
6	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	榆树沟1 Yushugou1	C	126	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	燕金Yanjin	B
7	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	大桑园1号Dasangyuan 1	C	127	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	燕栗1号Yanli1	B
8	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	东冰窖1号Dongbingjiao 1	C	128	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	双台大红袍Shuangtai Dahongpao	B
9	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	东冰窖2号Dongbingjiao 2	C	129	山东临沭Linshu, Shandong	沐河大袍Shuhe Dapao	B
10	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	金杖子1号Jinzhangzi 1	C	130	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	山东JZ-1ShandongJZ-1	B
11	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	金杖子2号Jinzhangzi 2	C	131	山东费县Feixian, Shandong	金平Jinping	B
12	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	桥7 Qiao 7	C	132	山东费县Feixian, Shandong	包丰Baofeng	B
13	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	早3113 Zao 3113	A	133	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	黄前Huangqian	B
14	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	屈家早Qujiazao	A	134	山东临沂Linyi, Shandong	龙爪垂栗Longzhaochuili	B
15	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	兴隆短刺Xinglong Duanci	B	135	山东烟台Yantai, Shandong	烟青Yanqing	B
16	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	晚早5 Wanzao 5	B	136	山东烟台Yantai, Shandong	烟泉Yanquan	B
17	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	大3113兴Da3113xing	B	137	山东烟台Yantai, Shandong	黑烟青Heiyanqing	B
18	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	西沟1号Xigou 1	B	138	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	东岳早丰Dongyue Zaofeng	A
19	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	陈中熟Chenzhongshu	C	139	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	岱岳早丰Daiyue Zaofeng	A
20	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	白露母Bailumu	C	140	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	无花栗Wuhuali	B
21	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	大青裂Daqinglie	B	141	山东郯城Tancheng, Shandong	尖顶油栗Jiandingyouli	B
22	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	XL-001	C	142	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	山东红栗Shandong Hongli	B
23	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	XL-002	C	143	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	华光Huaguang	B
24	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	迁西壮栗Qianxi Zhuangli	B	144	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	华丰Huafeng	B
25	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	崔1 Cui 1	C	145	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	野杂Yeza	B
26	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	艾峪口1Aiyukou1	C	146	山东莒南Junan, Shandong	沂蒙短枝Yimeng Duanzhi	B
27	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	熊84 Xiong 84	B	147	山东新泰Xintai, Shandong	泰栗1号Taili 1	B
28	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	塌山1号Tashan 1	C	148	山东招远Zhaoyuan, Shandong	金丰Jinfeng	B
29	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	迁西早红Qianxi Zaohong	B	149	山东莱西Laixi, Shandong	红光Hongguang	B
30	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	去暑红Qushuhong	B	150	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	新选1号Xinxuan 1	B
31	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	白底Baidi	B	151	山东郯城Tancheng, Shandong	郯城3号Tancheng 3	B
32	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	青实Qingshi	B	152	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	山东早实丰Shandong Zaoshifeng	B
33	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	石场子1-1 Shichangzi 1-1	C	153	山东郯城Tancheng, Shandong	大粒Dali	B
34	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	变异燕奎Bianyiyankui	B	154	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	宋家早Songjiazao	B
35	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	邢台早熟Xingtai Zaoshu	B	155	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	山东1号Shandong1	C
36	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	西寨2号Xizhai 2	A	156	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	鲁栗2号Luli 2	B
37	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	西寨1号Xizhai 1	A	157	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	鲁栗3号Luli 3	B
38	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	后南峪垂枝Hounanyu Chuizhi	B	158	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	超短枝Chaoduanzhi	B
编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型 Type	编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型Type
39	河北抚宁Funing, Hebei	替码燕明Timayanming	B	159	山东乳山Rushan, Shandong	乳山短枝Rushan Duanzhi	B
40	河北抚宁Funing, Hebei	变异燕明Bianyiyanming	B	160	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	杂35号 Za 35	B
41	河北抚宁Funing, Hebei	抚宁薄皮Funing Baopi	B	161	山东池上Chishang, Shandong	山东黄棚Shandong Huangpeng	B
42	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	遵化短刺Zunhua Duanci	B	162	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	泰安薄壳Taian Boke	B
43	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	前3 Qian 3	B	163	山东海阳Haiyang, Shandong	石丰 Shifeng	B
44	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	小官10 Xiaoguan 10	B	164	山东费县Feixian, Shandong	徐1号 Xujia 1	B
45	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	紫珀Zipo	B	165	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	怀丰Huaifeng	B
46	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	达1-2 Da 1-2	B	166	北京房山Fangshan, Beijing	良乡1号Liangxiang 1	B
47	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	达1-3 Da 1-3	B	167	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	黑8 Hei 8	B
48	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	侯庄2号Houzhuang 2	A	168	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	短花Duanhua	B
49	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	贾庄1号Jiazhuang 1	A	169	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	怀黄Huaihuang	B
50	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	干2-2 Gan 2-2	A	170	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	京暑红Jingshuhong	B
51	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	岔3 Cha 3	C	171	北京怀柔Huairou,Beijing	怀九Huaijiu	B
52	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	沙坡峪3号Shapoyu 3	C	172	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	北京8号Beijing 8	B
53	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	西寨1号（变异）Xizhai 1(Variation)	B	173	北京昌平Changping, Beijing	燕平Yanping	B
54	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	关堂64 Guantang 64	C	174	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	燕丰Yanfeng	B
55	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	龙湾1号Longwan 1	A	175	北京昌平Changping, Beijing	燕昌Yanchang	B
56	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	龙湾5号Longwan 5	A	176	北京怀柔Huairou, Beijing	燕红Yanhong	B
57	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	石场子2-2 Shichangzi 2-2	C	177	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	六月暴Liuyuebao	B
58	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	杨家峪13 Yangjiayu 13	C	178	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	八月红Bayuehong	B
59	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	东陵明珠Dongling Mingzhu	B	179	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	玫瑰红Meiguihong	B
60	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	塔54 Ta 54	A	180	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	桂花香Guihuaxiang	B
61	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	X 12	B	181	湖北麻城Macheng, Hubei	鄂栗1号Eli 1	B
62	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	上庄52 Shangzhuang 52	C	182	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	罗田乌壳栗Luotianwukeli	B
63	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	下庄4号Xiazhuang 4	C	183	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	DL-1	C
64	河北迁西Qianxi,Hebei	杨家峪5号Yangjiayu 5	C	184	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	DL-2	C
65	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	浡1 Bo 1	B	185	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	DL-4	C
66	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	大录洞Daludong	C	186	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	DL-3	C
67	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	凤2 Feng 2	C	187	湖北罗田Luotian, Hubei	罗田1号Luotian 1	B
68	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	东沟峪39 Donggouyu 39	C	188	湖南新田Xintian, Hunan	湖南黔丽Hunan Qianli	B
69	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	赵杖子11 Zhaozhangzi 11	C	189	湖南攸县Youxian, Hunan	桐优-33Tongyou 33	B
70	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	牛1 Niu 1	C	190	湖南汝城Rucheng, Hunan	双季栗Shuangjili	B
71	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	杨家峪1号Yangjiayu 1	C	191	湖南长沙Changsha, Hunan	HJZ-1	C
72	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	何家坟5 Hejiafen 5	C	192	湖南新田Xintian, Hunan	安优1号Anyou 1	A
73	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	M 17-21	A	193	湖南城步Chengbu, Hunan	城步优株Chengbu Youzhu	C
74	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	波叶栗Boyeli	B	194	湖南汝城Rucheng, Hunan	林场优株Linchang Youzhu	C
75	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	三色栗Sanseli	B	195	湖南长沙Changsha, Hunan	黄花优株Huanghua Youzhu	C
76	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	M 18-16	A	196	湖南石门Shimen, Hunan	石门优株Shimen Youzhu	C
77	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	沙坡峪1号Shapoyu 1	C	197	湖南临湘Linxiang, Hunan	临湘优株2号Linxiang Youzhu 2	C
78	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	塔14 Ta 14	C	198	湖南新田Xintian, Hunan	新田优株Xintian Youzhu	C
79	河北迁安Qianan, Hebei	桑6 Sang 6	C	199	湖南临湘Linxiang, Hunan	临湘优株Linxiangyouzhu	C
80	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	长南庄2号Changnanzhuang 2	C	200	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	焦扎Jiaozha	B
编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型 Type	编号 No.	来源 Source	资源名称 Name	资源类型Type
81	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	杨家峪1-6 Yangjiayu 1-6	C	201	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	宜兴大红袍Yixing Dahongpao	B
82	河北迁安Qianan, Hebei	桑1 Sang 1	C	202	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	宜兴古-1Yixinggu-1	C
83	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	园门实生Yuanmen Shisheng	A	203	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	宜兴古-3Yixinggu-3	C
84	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	后南峪丰收1号Hounanyu Fengshou 1	A	204	江苏苏州Suzhou, Jiangsu	苏州古-1Suzhougu-1	C
85	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	周家峪6号Zhoujiayu 6	C	205	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	处暑红Chushuhong	B
86	河北抚宁Funing, Hebei	燕明 Yanming	B	206	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	青毛软刺Qingmaoruanci	B
87	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	南天门乡Nantianmenxiang	C	207	江苏宜兴Yixing, Jiangsu	重阳蒲Chongyangpu	B
88	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	大兰口Dalankou	C	208	江苏苏州Suzhou, Jiangsu	九家种Jiujiazhong	B
89	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	徐玉明1Xuyuming1	C	209	浙江诸暨Zhuji, Zhejiang	毛板红Maobanhong	B
90	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	左贵生Zuoguisheng	C	210	浙江诸暨Zhuji, Zhejiang	浙早1号Zhezao 1	B
91	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	陆南优1Lunanyou1	C	211	浙江上虞Shangyu, Zhejiang	魁栗Kuili	B
92	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	牛圈子Niujuanzi	C	212	浙江仙居Xianju, Zhejiang	上光栗Shangguangli	B
93	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	大3113 Da 3113	B	213	浙江绍兴Shaoxing, Zhejiang	浙江奎栗Zhejiang Kuili	B
94	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	榆树沟2Yushugou2	C	214	浙江上虞Shangyu, Zhejiang	上虞古-1Shangyugu-1	C
95	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	去暑红-1 Qushuhong-1	B	215	浙江仙居Xianju, Zhejiang	仙居古-1Xianjugu-1	C
96	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	去暑红-2 Qushuhong-2	B	216	浙江绍兴Shaoxing, Zhejiang	绍兴古-1Shaoxinggu-1	C
97	河北邢台Xingta, Hebeii	邢台短枝Xingtai Duanzhi	B	217	安徽广德Guangde, Anhui	大红袍Dahongpao	B
98	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	替码珍珠Timazhenzhu	B	218	安徽广德Guangde, Anhui	软刺早Ruancizao	B
99	河北青龙Qinglong, Hebei	白露Bailu	B	219	安徽广德Guangde, Anhui	迟栗子Chilizi	B
100	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	早2 Zao 2	B	220	安徽舒城Shucheng, Anhui	粘底板Niandiban	B
101	河北遵化Zunhua, Hebei	燕晶Yanjing	B	221	安徽广德Guangde, Anhui	广德GJ-1GuangdeGJ-1	C
102	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	燕奎Yankui	B	222	安徽舒城Shucheng, Anhui	舒城GF-1ShuchengGF-1	C
103	河北迁安Qianan, Hebei	迁早2 Qianzao 2	B	223	安徽舒城Shucheng, Anhui	舒城GF-2ShuchengGF-2	C
104	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	邢台薄皮Xingtaibopi	B	224	陕西镇巴Zhenba, Shaanxi	镇巴双洁Zhenbashuangjie	B
105	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	燕宽Yankuan	B	225	陕西西安Xian, Shaanxi	长安明拣栗Changan Mingjianli	B
106	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	宽城下六Kuancheng Xialiu	C	226	陕西镇安Zhenan, Shaanxi	金真晚栗Jinzhenwanli	B
107	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	邢台垂枝Xingtai Chuizhi	B	227	陕西镇安Zhenan, Shaanxi	金真栗Jinzhenli	B
108	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	邢台大粒Xingtai Dali	B	228	陕西镇巴Zhenba, Shaanxi	镇巴-1Zhenba-1	C
109	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	明丰2号Mingfeng 2	B	229	陕西镇巴Zhenba, Shaanxi	镇巴-2Zhenba-2	C
110	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	早3 Zao 3	B	230	陕西镇安Zhenan, Shaanxi	镇安-1Zhenan-1	C
111	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	M 替码实生Timashisheng	C	231	广西东兰Donglan, Guangxi	广西14-1 Guangxi 14-1	C
112	河北平泉Pingquan, Hebei	平泉（葛）Pingquan Ge	C	232	广西东兰Donglan, Guangxi	广西14-2 Guangxi 14-2	C
113	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	毛栗Maoli	B	233	广西东兰Donglan, Guangxi	广西14-3 Guangxi 14-3	C
114	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	南垂5号Nanchui 5	B	234	广西南丹Nandan, Guangxi	广西14-4 Guangxi 14-4	C
115	河北邢台Xingtai, Hebei	邢丰收1号Xingfengshou 1	B	235	广西南丹Nandan, Guangxi	广西14-5 Guangxi 14-5	C
116	河北昌黎Changli, Hebei	早1 Zao 1	B	236	广西隆林Longlin, Guangxi	广西14-6 Guangxi 14-6	C
117	河北迁安Qianan, Hebei	迁早1Qianzao 1	B	237	广西隆林Longlin, Guangxi	广西14-7 Guangxi 14-7	C
118	河北兴隆Xinglong, Hebei	燕兴Yanxing	B	238	广西融水Rongshui, Guangxi	融水优株Rongshuiyouzhu	C
119	河北宽城Kuancheng, Hebei	大板红Dabanhong	B	239	广西隆安Longan, Guangxi	广西油栗Guangxi Youli	B
120	河北迁西Qianxi, Hebei	燕山早丰Yanshan zaofeng	B	240	广西玉林Yulin, Guangxi	广西玉林11号Guangxi Yulin 11	B

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Variation of leaf quantitative trait in chestnut"

数量性状 Quantitative trait		代码 Code	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	中位数 Median	极小值 Min	极大值 Max	极差 Range	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数H′
外观形态 Appearance form	叶柄长 Petiole length (mm)	PL	24.32±3.00	24.34	16.75	33.71	16.96	12.32	2.09
	叶柄宽Petiole width (mm)	PW	4.93±0.60	4.86	3.65	8.42	4.76	12.27	1.95
	叶柄长/宽Petiole length/width	PL/PW	5.19±0.73	5.23	3.32	7.30	3.98	14.08	2.08
	叶片长Leaf length (mm)	LL	182.81±19.07	181.40	137.05	259.32	122.27	10.43	2.03
	叶片宽Leaf width (mm)	LW	73.44±7.33	72.74	57.00	99.22	42.22	9.99	2.07
	叶片长/宽Leaf length/width	L/W	2.51±0.22	2.48	2.03	3.35	1.32	8.68	1.99
	叶片面积Leaf area (mm²)	LA	8986.56±1638.81	8656.21	5384.43	14366.26	8981.82	18.24	2.01
	锯齿数Sawtooth number	SN	31.9±3.23	31.63	23.89	43.89	20.00	10.14	2.07
	锯齿高度Sawtooth height (mm)	SH	2.35±0.5	2.33	1.37	3.91	2.54	21.28	2.03
	锯齿深度Sawtooth depth (mm)	SD	3.33±1.09	3.33	1.03	6.63	5.60	32.73	2.07
	锯齿与叶缘间角度 The angle between sawtooth and leaf margin	LSA	71.97±15.32	74.36	17.33	97.03	79.70	21.28	1.90
	叶脉间距 Spacing length of veins (mm)	VSL	11.23±1.51	11.08	7.23	17.17	9.93	13.45	2.02
	叶背茸毛密度 Fuzz density on the back of leaf	BFD	2.49±0.54	2.80	1.00	3.00	2.00	21.51	1.54
	L^*	LV	25.24±2.68	25.10	18.54	34.74	16.20	10.62	2.08
	a^*	AV	-7.21±0.86	-7.22	-10.18	-4.77	5.41	-11.97	2.05
解剖结构 Anatomic structure	叶厚Leaf thickness (μm)	LT	181.19±21.86	180.76	115.24	257.94	142.70	12.06	2.06
	上表皮细胞厚度 Thickness of upper epidermis cell (μm)	UT	25.39±3.06	25.28	17.35	36.92	19.57	12.04	2.05
	上表皮细胞宽度 Width of upper epidermis cell (μm)	UW	21.12±2.08	21.13	15.28	27.56	12.28	9.84	2.04
	栅栏组织厚度Thickness of palisade tissue	PT	77.6±8.30	77.23	58.42	111.03	52.61	10.70	2.07
	海绵组织厚度 Thickness of spongy tissue (μm)	ST	61.29±9.40	61.29	37.06	105.46	68.40	15.33	2.06
	栅栏组织/海棉组织 Thickness of palisade tissue/thickness of spongy tissue	PS	1.31±0.20	1.28	0.69	2.47	1.77	15.60	1.95
	下表皮细胞厚度 Thickness of lower epidermis cell (μm)	LET	5.84±0.78	5.82	2.71	10.29	7.58	13.30	2.06
	下表皮细胞宽度 Width of lower epidermis cell (μm)	LEW	9.6±1.37	9.41	5.93	15.33	9.40	14.25	2.04
	叶片结构紧密度Tightness of leaf tissue (%)	LTT	42.83±4.39	43.03	27.81	60.10	32.29	10.23	2.05
	叶片结构疏松度 Looseness of leaf tissue (μm)	LTL	33.83±3.3	33.67	24.51	41.30	16.79	9.81	2.09
	气孔长Stoma length (μm)	SL	22.68±2.42	22.65	18.05	29.70	11.65	10.66	2.07
	气孔宽Stoma width (μm)	SW	21.61±2.46	21.57	16.60	27.75	11.16	11.39	1.92
	气孔密度（个/mm²）Stoma density	SD	941.25±122.92	928.59	628.90	1395.55	766.65	13.06	2.05
生理指标Physiological index	比叶质量leaf mass per area (g×10^-3/cm²)	LM	10.55±1.41	10.59	6.52	14.82	8.30	13.33	2.06
	叶绿素含量Chlorophyll content (mg·g^-1)	CP	3.15±0.54	3.17	1.38	4.67	3.29	17.13	2.06
	叶片保水力 The water retention capacity of leaf (%)	WRC	0.54±0.08	0.42	0.20	0.73	0.53	15.08	1.99
	平均Mean							13.19	2.04

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Differentiation coefficient and variance analysis of leaf quantitative trait of chestnut"

数量性状 Quantitative trait	方差分量 Variance component			方差分量百分比 Variance component percentage		表型分化系数 Phenotype Differentition coefficient V_ST (%)	F
数量性状 Quantitative trait	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within populations	随机误差 Random errors	群体间Among populations	群体内 Within populations	表型分化系数 Phenotype Differentition coefficient V_ST (%)	群体间 Among populations	群体内 Within populations
叶柄长 PL (mm)	929.82	15834.22	14598.48	2.96	50.49	5.55	2.04*	5.31**
叶柄宽PW (mm)	40.25	924.87	873.55	2.19	50.30	4.17	1.58	2.60**
叶柄长/宽PL/PW	51.46	950.56	866.74	2.75	50.87	5.14	1.31	5.36**
叶片长LL (mm)	38531.35	451771.65	418031.04	4.24	49.74	7.86	2.06*	5.29**
叶片宽LW (mm)	5050.59	67902.70	67550.45	3.59	48.33	6.92	2.02*	4.79**
叶片长/宽L/W	8.07	64.60	56.44	6.25	50.03	11.10	3.47**	4.27**
叶片面积LA (mm²)	276139006.60	3468177176.00	3398221339.00	3.87	48.56	7.37	2.02*	4.67**
锯齿数SN	2209.53	34369.96	54046.08	2.44	37.93	6.04	1.57	3.11**
锯齿高度SH	87.69	422.28	433.81	9.29	44.74	17.20	5.03**	4.76**
锯齿深度SD	173.69	673.32	312.62	14.98	58.06	20.51	6.59**	4.50**
锯齿与叶缘间角度LSA	43013.18	125198.00	18745.81	23.01	66.97	25.57	8.78**	13.94**
叶脉间距VSL (mm)	0.49	15.87	12.45	1.71	55.08	3.01	0.79	2.66**
叶背茸毛密度BFD	15.24	190.09	31.07	6.45	80.41	7.42	2.05*	12.77**
L^*	250.58	2229.17	1938.33	5.67	50.46	10.11	2.87**	2.40**
a^*	43.18	491.34	310.45	5.11	58.15	8.08	2.25*	3.30**
叶厚LT (μm)	9899.63	190433.56	147440.40	2.85	54.76	4.94	1.34	2.75**
上表皮细胞厚度UT (μm)	544.99	5836.16	6201.71	4.33	46.38	8.54	2.40*	2.00**
上表皮细胞宽度UW (μm)	157.90	2880.63	3420.05	2.44	44.60	5.20	1.41	1.79**
栅栏组织厚度PT (μm)	2360.09	47547.08	37128.32	2.71	54.63	4.73	1.28	2.72**
海绵组织厚度ST (μm)	2045.32	61419.72	58560.47	1.68	50.33	3.22	0.86	2.23**
栅海比PS	1.02	29.05	28.88	1.73	49.28	3.40	0.90	2.14**
下表皮细胞厚度LET (μm)	66.11	358.65	531.86	6.91	37.49	15.56	4.73**	1.43**
下表皮细胞宽度LEW (μm)	112.68	1472.13	1525.61	3.62	47.33	7.11	1.97	2.05**
叶片结构紧密度LTT (%)	212.88	6702.89	7142.19	1.51	47.68	3.08	0.82	2.00**
叶片结构疏松度LTL (%)	352.01	7530.64	9473.45	2.03	43.39	4.47	1.20	1.69**
气孔长SL (μm)	68.75	1098.41	902.90	3.32	53.06	5.89	1.68	3.27**
气孔宽SW (μm)	44.37	872.03	912.14	2.43	47.69	4.84	1.36	2.57**
气孔密度（个/mm²）SD	582738.00	11901786.30	7555442.01	2.91	59.39	4.67	1.32	4.23**
比叶质量LM (g×10^-3/cm²)	54.42	1620.12	552.91	2.44	72.73	3.25	0.86	6.12
叶绿素含量CP (mg·g^-1)	12.53	114.85	15.04	8.80	80.64	9.83	1.88*	16.44**
保水力WRC (%)	0.27	2.07	0.87	8.41	64.49	11.57	2.53*	5.01**
平均Mean	8929938.15	112293803.84	109891239.52	4.92	53.35	7.95	\	\

Table 6

Table 7

Multiple comparison of 18 leaf phenotypic trait of 10 chestnut populations (Mean±SD)"

性状Trait	河北 Hebei	山东 Shandong	北京 Beijing	湖北 Hubei	湖南 Hunan	江苏 Jiangsu	浙江 Zhejiang	安徽 Anhui	陕西 Shaanxi	广西 Guangxi
叶片形状 LS	1.35±0.57a	1.26±0.97a	1.25±0.45a	1.73±0.47b	1.92±0.29bc	2.00±0.63bc	2.20±0.45c	2.00±0bc	2.00±0.82bc	2.00±0.47bc
叶基形状 LBS	1.8±0.48b	1.55±0.56ab	1.42±0.51ab	1.18±0.4ab	1±0a	1.33±0.52ab	1.00±0a	1.25±0.5ab	1.50±0.58ab	1.20±0.42ab
叶缘锯齿方向LSD	3.35±0.99b	3.24±0.66ab	3±0ab	3.91±1.04ab	4.5±1.51a	3.67±1.03ab	3.40±0.89a	4.00±1.15ab	3.50±1ab	3.00±0ab
叶柄长 PL (mm)	24.4±5.2c	24.46±4.83c	22.75±5.22ab	22.64±4.41ab	25.87±6.41d	22.79±4.94ab	26.00±4.93d	26.52±4.97d	21.73±4.45a	24.01±4.43bc
叶片长 LL (mm)	180.00±23.34bc	183.49±27.43bcd	169.45±18.68a	177.68±22.94b	188.98±28.15d	188.29±26.40cd	186.37±17.83cd	188.57±21.83cd	188.36±25.75cd	180.32±25.17bc
叶片宽 LW (mm)	71.82±9.25bc	74.31±11.01bc	73.21±8.08b	68.16±9.07b	70.74±10.34d	73.47±9.18a	69.05±9.6cd	72.48±8.74bc	70.75±9.38a	67.39±11.11cd
叶片长/ 宽L/W	2.52±0.27bc	2.49±0.33b	2.33±0.24a	2.62±0.23de	2.69±0.31ef	2.58±0.31cd	2.72±0.28f	2.62±0.29de	2.70±0.45ef	2.71±0.36ef
叶片面积 LA (mm²)	8566.73±2034.38ab	9114.56±2497.96bc	8350.37±1647.83a	8284.75±1969.99a	9074.76±2452.22bc	9514.07±2220.87c	8783.84±1895.17abc	9274.62±1837.54bc	8947.28±1690.23abc	8259.64±2357.92a
锯齿高度SH	2.51±0.82c	2.34±0.87c	2.45±0.84c	1.90±0.71ab	1.85±0.69b	1.93±0.61b	1.84±0.57ab	1.96±0.7b	1.77±0.57a	1.99±0.81b
锯齿深度 SD	3.57±1.23c	3.49±1.19c	3.83±1.27c	2.04±0.74a	2.47±1.08ab	2.53±0.73ab	2.87±0.94b	2.49±0.73ab	2.15±0.69a	2.60±1.29ab
锯齿与叶缘间角度 LSA	76.85+10.58e	71.59+15.03d	74.03+13.58de	61.6+20.68b	51.54+16.72a	62.48+18.8b	54.30+21.99a	50.98+33.5a	59.04+21.88b	67.05+20.53c
叶背茸毛密度BFD	2.4±0.6a	2.69±0.42b	2.58±0.59b	2.36±0.58a	2.68±0.39b	2.90±0.29c	2.60±0.41b	2.75±0.33bc	2.75±0.33bc	2.32±0.71a
L^*	24.92±2.48ab	25.36±2.34abc	25.38±2.40abc	25.44±2.42abc	26.87±2.09c	24.96±1.83ab	26.33±2.08bc	25.76±3.52abc	24.48±1.68a	26.86±2.46c
a^*	-7.05±1.13b	-7.33±1.07ab	-7.08±0.93b	-7.33±0.8ab	-7.51±0.87ab	-7.83±0.8a	-7.61±0.84ab	-7.99±0.85a	-7.85±0.88a	-7.62±1.05ab
上表皮细胞厚度 UT (μm)	25.76±4.16ab	25.77±4.13ab	23.11±3.31a	25.66±4.14ab	23.18±3.92a	25.23±4.38ab	23.61±3.87ab	23.64±3.99ab	26.63±2.93b	25.15±4.27ab
下表皮细胞厚度 LET (μm)	5.69±1.1a	5.9±1.03a	5.47±1.07a	6.96±1.39b	6.01±0.86a	6.23±1.28ab	6.07±1.57a	6.33±1.06ab	6.19±1.02ab	6.04±1.22a
叶绿素含量 CP (mg·g^-1)	3.21±0.57cd	3.14±0.49cd	3.34±0.36d	3.2±0.48cd	2.96±0.29c	2.65±0.7b	2.39±0.67a	2.94±0.27c	2.96±0.54cd	2.20±0.03a
保水力 WRC (%)	0.47±0.13e	0.42±0.14d	0.34±0.07bc	0.32±0.13b	0.28±0.06a	0.35±0.20bc	0.28±0.10a	0.30±0.18a	0.28±0.05a	0.36±0.15c

Table 7

Table 8

Variation coefficients and diversity indexes of leaf phenotypic trait of 10 chestnut populations"

性状 Trait	河北 Hebei CV (%)/H′	山东 Shandong CV (%)/H′	北京 Beijing CV (%)/H′	湖北 Hubei CV (%)/H′	湖南 Hunan CV (%)/H′	江苏 Jiangsu CV (%)/H′	浙江 Zhejiang CV (%)/H′	安徽 Anhui CV (%)/H′	陕西 Shaanxi CV (%)/H′	广西 Guangxi CV (%)/H′
叶片形状LS	32.89/0.80	55.15/0.99	36.18/0.56	27.04/0.59	15.06/0.29	31.62/0.96	20.33/0.56	0.00/0.00	40.82/1.00	23.57/0.64
先端形状LAS	10.28/0.17	17.64/0.37	21.23/0.45	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00
叶基形状LBS	26.87/0.69	36.50/0.81	36.35/0.68	34.23/0.47	0.00/0.00	38.73/0.69	0.00/0.00	40.00/0.60	38.49/0.68	35.14/0.50
叶缘特征LM	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	0.00/0.00	16.64/0.33
叶缘锯齿方向 LSD	29.49/0.46	20.44/0.37	0.00/0.00	26.72/0.69	33.50/1.03	28.17/0.69	26.31/0.56	28.87/0.68	28.57/0.60	0.00/0.00
均值Mean	19.90/0.43	25.95/0.51	18.75/0.34	17.60/0.35	9.71/0.26	19.70/0.47	9.33/0.22	13.77/0.26	21.58/0.46	15.07/0.29
叶柄长 PL (mm)	21.33/2.07	19.74/1.98	22.94/1.79	19.49/1.85	24.80/1.86	21.68/1.74	18.95/0.90	18.74/1.00	20.47/1.00	18.44/1.83
叶柄宽 PW (mm)	28.56/1.93	31.20/1.83	34.02/1.36	22.01/1.85	33.79/1.20	24.78/1.58	17.39/1.49	16.84/1.35	27.97/1.00	23.84/1.50
叶柄长/宽PL/PW	26.73/2.06	29.13/1.98	25.16/1.82	24.48/1.67	26.49/1.79	24.36/1.27	19.74/1.32	18.20/1.35	32.26/1.00	20.47/1.47
叶片长 LL (mm)	12.97/2.05	14.95/1.70	11.02/1.58	12.91/1.67	14.90/1.70	14.02/1.58	9.57/0.90	11.58/1.00	13.67/1.35	13.96/1.64
叶片宽 LW (mm)	12.89/2.07	14.82/1.93	11.04/1.86	13.30/1.67	14.61/1.55	12.49/1.58	13.90/1.32	12.06/1.35	13.26/1.35	16.49/1.89
叶片长/宽 L/W	10.77/1.95	13.40/1.91	10.34/1.82	8.82/1.64	11.49/1.75	12.10/1.31	10.13/1.49	11.03/1.00	16.82/1.00	13.32/1.70
性状 Trait	河北 Hebei CV (%)/H′	山东 Shandong CV (%)/H′	北京 Beijing CV (%)/H′	湖北 Hubei CV (%)/H′	湖南 Hunan CV (%)/H′	江苏 Jiangsu CV (%)/H′	浙江 Zhejiang CV (%)/H′	安徽 Anhui CV (%)/H′	陕西 Shaanxi CV (%)/H′	广西 Guangxi CV (%)/H′
叶片面积 LA (mm²)	23.75/2.04	27.41/1.82	19.73/1.86	23.78/1.67	27.02/1.13	23.34/1.58	21.58/1.32	19.81/1.00	18.89/1.35	28.55/1.70
锯齿数/个SN	27.56/2.06	26.80/2.00	24.16/1.82	29.58/1.77	31.12/1.82	30.48/1.31	28.94/1.49	29.65/1.00	19.99/1.00	34.43/1.36
锯齿高度SH	32.72/2.07	37.17/1.91	34.16/1.75	37.14/1.77	37.42/1.82	31.75/1.06	31.24/1.32	35.66/1.00	32.05/1.35	40.87/1.75
锯齿深度SD	34.51/2.06	34.14/2.05	33.21/1.75	36.28/1.64	43.76/1.47	28.75/1.31	32.77/1.32	29.27/1.35	32.32/1.00	49.68/1.70
锯齿与叶缘间角度LSA	13.76/2.04	21.00/1.92	18.35/1.66	33.58/1.97	32.44/1.79	30.08/1.31	40.50/1.49	65.72/0.68	37.07/1.00	30.63/1.70
叶脉间距 VSL (mm)	18.65/2.02	18.28/1.97	15.51/1.86	13.99/1.37	13.04/1.36	14.58/1.74	24.92/0.9	15.83/1.00	16.09/1.00	12.16/1.50
叶背茸毛密度BFD	25.02/1.96	15.64/1.53	22.99/1.36	24.63/1.29	14.39/1.54	10.01/0.96	15.82/1.07	11.90/1.00	11.90/1.00	30.64/1.17
L^*	9.95/2.07	9.21/1.96	9.47/1.68	9.52/1.85	7.78/1.79	7.32/1.31	7.92/1.32	13.65/1.00	6.88/1.00	9.16/1.56
a^*	15.96/2.03	14.64/1.74	13.15/1.54	10.97/1.67	11.56/1.66	10.28/1.58	11.00/0.9	10.58/1.00	11.24/1.35	13.77/1.70
均值Mean	21.01/2.03	21.84/1.88	20.35/1.70	21.37/1.69	22.97/1.62	19.73/1.41	20.29/1.24	21.37/1.07	20.73/1.12	23.76/1.61
叶厚LT (μm)	11.53/2.05	12.60/1.84	12.89/1.91	14.29/1.64	10.80/1.52	11.28/1.31	14.25/1.49	12.33/1.35	8.70/1.00	13.77/1.61
上表皮细胞厚度UT (μm)	16.15/2.01	16.05/1.97	14.33/1.55	16.12/1.59	16.91/1.86	17.34/1.27	16.41/0.90	16.86/1.35	10.99/1.00	16.97/1.70
上表皮细胞宽度UW (μm)	13.87/2.03	13.67/1.99	18.52/1.82	14.33/1.67	13.13/1.58	14.78/1.58	12.14/1.32	13.99/1.00	10.37/1.00	13.43/1.42
栅栏组织厚度PT (μm)	14.41/2.08	14.59/1.92	13.90/1.29	10.96/1.67	10.63/1.75	11.75/1.58	13.59/1.07	11.95/1.35	9.76/1.00	15.03/1.75
海绵组织厚度ST (μm)	20.33/2.06	22.11/1.89	26.09/1.75	21.81/1.41	21.95/1.70	20.07/1.58	25.93/1.32	18.60/1.00	12.82/1.35	22.07/1.64
栅栏组织/ 海绵组织PS	21.92/1.91	23.45/1.85	19.26/1.82	16.25/1.41	22.28/1.94	20.08/1.31	19.38/1.32	14.51/1.00	15.26/1.00	22.58/1.70
下表皮细胞厚度LET (μm)	19.34/2.07	17.39/1.98	19.57/1.79	19.98/1.77	14.26/1.75	20.61/1.58	25.82/1.49	16.68/1.00	16.42/1.35	20.27/1.75
下表皮细胞宽度LEW (μm)	21.93/2.03	18.92/1.88	22.67/1.70	20.08/1.85	21.01/1.75	22.52/1.27	24.93/1.32	25.63/1.00	12.76/1.35	16.42/1.70
叶片结构紧密度 LTT (%)	10.38/2.03	9.36/1.95	8.58/1.79	10.34/1.67	9.56/1.82	11.72/1.58	11.77/1.32	14.72/1.00	9.21/1.35	9.33/1.75
叶片结构疏松度 LTL (%)	14.21/2.10	15.06/1.95	16.72/1.82	13.52/1.64	14.25/1.98	13.67/1.74	13.75/1.32	17.03/1.00	11.42/1.00	15.08/1.75
气孔长SL (μm)	13.16/2.06	13.58/1.98	12.52/1.47	12.24/1.72	16.48/1.68	14.38/1.31	15.28/1.32	12.34/1.35	11.98/1.00	17.18/1.64
气孔宽SW (μm)	12.46/1.80	14.12/1.85	16.64/1.79	13.20/1.50	17.18/1.98	12.20/1.74	14.14/1.32	11.4/1.00	8.04/1.35	18.52/1.83
气孔密度（个/mm²）SD	16.30/2.01	14.15/1.90	16.92/1.68	17.69/1.72	16.34/1.63	15.40/1.31	19.29/1.32	15.01/1.35	14.75/1.35	13.61/1.75
均值Mean	15.85/2.02	15.77/1.92	16.82/1.71	15.45/1.64	15.75/1.76	15.83/1.47	17.44/1.29	15.46/1.13	11.73/1.16	16.48/1.69
比叶质量 LM (g×10^-3/cm²)	17.23/2.06	14.03/1.96	14.5/1.86	15.31/1.85	16.80/1.54	12.21/1.58	13.10/1.32	18.48/1.00	15.36/1.00	19.18/1.28
叶绿素含量 CP (mg·g^-1)	17.73/2.07	15.70/1.97	10.63/1.68	14.93/1.55	9.78/1.56	26.44/1.06	27.83/1.49	19.10/1.35	18.40/1.00	9.19/1.56
保水力 WRC (%)	16.63/2.00	15.83/1.95	16.02/1.36	15.68/1.47	11.89/1.37	18.40/1.27	15.96/1.32	18.88/1.00	11.09/1.35	15.79/0.61
均值Mean	17.20/2.05	15.19/1.96	13.72/1.63	15.31/1.62	12.82/1.49	19.02/1.30	18.96/1.38	18.82/1.12	14.95/1.12	14.72/1.15
总平均 Total mean	18.67/1.80	19.66/1.71	18.30/1.51	18.20/1.48	17.68/1.47	18.26/1.30	17.63/1.13	17.97/0.99	17.11/1.04	19.17/1.42

Table 8

Table 9

Analysis of correlation between leaf phenotypic trait and geo-ecological factors in chestnut"

性状 Trait	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	年均温 Mean annual temperature	年均降水量 Mean annual rainfall	7月均温 Mean temperature of July	1月均温 Mean temperature of January
叶片形状LS	-0.059	-0.134*	0.142*	0.125	0.076	0.145*
先端形状LAS	-0.010	-0.060	0.090	0.122	-0.025	0.065
叶基形状LBS	0.219**	0.458**	-0.350**	-0.386**	-0.228**	-0.412**
叶缘特征LM	0.174**	0.166*	-0.149*	-0.074	-0.076	-0.168**
叶缘锯齿方向LSD	0.004	-0.159*	0.181**	0.211**	0.118	0.181**
叶柄长PL	0.138*	0.020	0.021	0.023	0.004	-0.010
叶柄宽PW	0.184**	0.173**	-0.092	-0.112	-0.085	-0.163*
叶柄长/宽PL/PW	-0.034	-0.103	0.070	0.087	0.044	0.094
叶片长LL	0.034	-0.112	0.101	0.089	0.140*	0.115
叶片宽LW	0.203**	0.155*	-0.078	-0.195**	0.054	-0.131*
叶片长/宽L/W	-0.199**	-0.299**	0.195**	0.312**	0.105	0.280**
叶片面积LA	0.120	-0.029	0.043	0.002	0.123	0.045
锯齿数SN	0.131*	0.236**	-0.100	-0.299**	-0.065	-0.239**
锯齿高度SH	0.276**	0.468**	-0.311**	-0.396**	-0.272**	-0.450**
锯齿深度SD	0.235**	0.396**	-0.258**	-0.391**	-0.187**	-0.400**
锯齿与叶缘间角度LSA	0.186**	0.434**	-0.244**	-0.405**	-0.207**	-0.439**
叶脉间距VSL	-0.032	0.068	-0.096	-0.071	-0.014	-0.069
叶背茸毛密度BFD	-0.028	-0.112	0.054	0.052	0.085	0.104
L^*	-0.197**	-0.277**	0.157*	0.233**	0.128*	0.235**
a^*	0.135*	0.231**	-0.099	-0.233**	-0.088	-0.209**
叶厚LT	0.070	0.095	-0.005	-0.092	-0.079	-0.135*
上表皮细胞厚度UT	0.034	0.106	0.029	-0.140*	0.108	-0.063
上表皮细胞宽度UW	0.119	0.134*	-0.010	-0.149*	0.012	-0.116
栅栏组织厚度PT	0.112	0.139*	-0.023	-0.144*	-0.200**	-0.185**
海绵组织厚度ST	0.001	-0.024	0.039	0.043	-0.013	-0.005
栅栏组织/海绵组织PS	0.077	0.108	-0.043	-0.130*	-0.102	-0.110
下表皮细胞厚度LET	-0.148*	-0.281**	0.173**	0.240**	0.032	0.214**
下表皮细胞宽度LEW	-0.083	-0.219**	0.171**	0.226**	0.097	0.195**
叶片结构紧密度LTT	0.074	0.066	-0.015	-0.073	-0.183**	-0.083
叶片结构疏松度LTL	-0.065	-0.122	0.059	0.146*	0.047	0.114
气孔长SL	-0.138*	-0.110	-0.039	0.146*	-0.140*	0.047
气孔宽SW	-0.041	0.061	-0.071	-0.013	-0.107	-0.083
气孔密度SD	0.083	0.058	-0.087	-0.017	-0.206**	-0.105
比叶质量LM	0.075	0.000	0.011	0.082	-0.097	-0.003
叶绿素含量CP	0.219**	0.418**	-0.235**	-0.393**	-0.163*	-0.381**
保水力WRC	0.190**	0.353**	-0.145*	-0.315**	-0.105	-0.318**

Table 9

Fig. 2

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群体 Population	经度 Longitude (E) (°)	纬度 Latitude (N) (°)	年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	年均降水量 Mean annual rainfall (mm)	7月均温 Mean temperature of July (℃)	1月均温 Mean temperature of January (℃)
河北Hebei	114.38—119.24	37.07—41.02	8.6—17.0	556—817	22.3—33.1	-9.0—-2.0
山东Shandong	117.10—121.28	34.61—37.50	11.8—16.7	583—852	28.0—33.2	-4.1—-1.5
北京Beijing	116.14—116.80	39.75—40.31	11.0—19.0	542—574	22.7—33.1	-10.9—-2.1
湖北Hubei	113.12—115.40	30.78—31.17	16.4—17.5	1217—1400	28.4—34.3	3.5—8.2
湖南Hunan	110.32—113.68	25.55—29.58	16.5—19.8	1245—1547	28.6—36.2	5.0—10.1
江苏Jiangsu	119.82—120.63	31.30—31.34	16.0—16.7	1076—1805	31.1—34.0	6.0—8.2
浙江Zhejiang	120.24—120.87	28.85—30.08	16.3—24.0	1130—1461	33.2—36.1	3.1—10.1
安徽Anhui	116.95—119.42	30.89—31.46	15.4—16.4	1322—1328	30.1—32.0	6.2—9.1
陕西Shaanxi	107.90—109.15	32.54—34.23	12.2—14.2	750—1250	26.1—33.0	-1.3—4.0
广西Guangxi	107.54—110.30	22.58—25.31	17.2—26.1	1237—2167	30.0—34.2	11.0—14.1

Diversity Analysis of 36 Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Chinese Chestnut

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质量性状 Leaf quality trait	代码 Code	频率 Frequency (%)							变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
质量性状 Leaf quality trait	代码 Code	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数 H′
叶片形状Leaf shape	LS	31.25	63.33	3.33	1.67	0.42			35.67	0.86
先端形状Shape of leaf apex	LAS	5.00	95.00						11.20	0.20
叶基形状Shape of leaf base	LBS	41.67	55.83	2.50					33.45	0.78
叶缘特征Leaf margin character	LMC	1.25	98.75						5.60	0.07
叶缘锯齿方向 Leaf margin sawtooth direction	LM			83.33		12.92		3.75	28.66	0.54
平均Mean	LSD								22.92	0.49

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