长期施肥下华北潮土生产力演变及影响因素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The fluvo-aquic soil in North China is the main producing area of wheat and corn grain crops in China. The aim of the study was to clarify the changing laws of fluvo-aquic soil productivity and to identify the main factors affecting the productivity of fluvo-aquic soil, so as to provide a theoretical basis for crop yield increase and sustainable development in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】This study used the long-term monitoring points of national fluvo-aquic soil as the platform, and used time trend analysis and median analysis methods to summarize the trends of productivity and soil fertility factors in different monitoring periods. 【Result】The monitoring results of fluvo-aquic soil productivity in North China under conventional fertilization in the past 31 years showed: under the conventional fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil, wheat yield increased during the whole monitoring period, and the average wheat yield was 6 443 kg·hm ^-2. The average wheat yield from 1988 to 1993 was 2 814 kg·hm ^-2, and the average wheat yield in 2014-2018 was 6 902 kg·hm ^-2; compared with the initial monitoring period (1988-1993), the wheat yield in 2014-2018 increased by 145%, with an average annual growth of 132 kg·hm ^-2. The maize yield in conventional fertilization area increased significantly with time. The average yield of corn in 1988-1993 was 2 667 kg·hm ^-2, and the average yield of corn in 2014-2018 was 8 267 kg·hm ^-2, which was earlier than the initial monitoring period (1988-1993); which increased by 210%, with an average annual growth of 180 kg·hm ^-2. Corn yield and its yield increase were significantly higher than wheat. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to wheat and maize yield was 48% and 51%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of fertilizer applied and crop yield increase. As the number of years of fertilization increased, the sustainability of crops increased. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis indicated soil available phosphorus was a major factor affecting overall crop yield. The order of factors with a direct effect on wheat yield was organic matter, nitrogen application rate, and potassium application rate. The direct effect of maize yield was total nitrogen, available phosphorus, nitrogen application rate, and phosphorus application rate. 【Conclusion】 During the whole monitoring period, the fluvo-aquic soil productivity was significantly improved in the later stage of monitoring. The soil productivity was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer, organic matter and available phosphorus. Therefore, the improvement of productivity in fluvo-aquic soil areas required the improvement of soil fertility and the scientific application of fertilizer.

Key words: long-term fertilization, fluvo-aquic, productivity, crop yield, sustainability index, North China

WANG Le,CHEN YanHua,ZHANG ShuXiang,MA ChangBao,SUN Nan,LI ChunHua. Evolution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Productivity Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Influencing Factors[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2232-2240.

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References 43

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分级 Grade	pH	有机质 SOM	全氮 TN	有效磷 AP	速效钾 Ak
x_a	4.5	10	0.75	3	40
x_c	6.5	20	1.5	10	100
x_p	8.5	30	2	20	150

年份 Year	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize
1988-1993	0.27	0.24
1994-1998	0.46	0.27
1999-2003	0.53	0.50
2004-2008	0.56	0.50
2009-2013	0.58	0.52
2014-2018	0.60	0.49

项目 Item	小麦 Wheat			项目 Item	玉米 Maize
项目 Item	x₂-y	x₆-y	x₈-y	项目 Item	x₃-y	x₄-y	x₆-y	x₇-y
有机质SOM (x₂)	0.723	0.273	0.061	全氮TN (x₃)	0.436	0.056	0.231	0.224
施氮量 (x₆)	0.236	0.301	0.043	有效磷AP (x₄)	0.245	0.217	0.135	0.021
施钾量 (x₈)	0.014	0.019	0.300	施氮量 (x₆)	0.143	0.126	0.396	0.064
				施磷量 (x₇)	0.103	0.049	0.213	0.296

Evolution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Productivity Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Influencing Factors

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