Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (14): 2379-2390.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.14.001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Breeding of New Wheat Varieties with Early Maturity and High Yield Under Late Sowing

GAO DeRong1,2,WANG Hui1,LIU Qiao1,ZHU DongMei1,ZHANG Xiao1,LÜ GuoFeng1,ZHANG XiaoXiang1,JIANG Wei1,LI Man1   

  1. 1Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225007, Jiangsu
    2Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2019-03-07 Accepted:2019-05-05 Online:2019-07-16 Published:2019-07-26

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth characteristics during the period from sowing to elongation and from anthesis to maturity in wheat cultivars (varieties), and to explore the possibility of breeding new cultivars with the feature of rapid growth at both early and late stages to achieve high yield and early maturity under late sowing condition in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. 【Method】 In the seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, experiments were conducted to compare leaf number, stem and tiller number and the parameters of grain filling among 18 new wheat lines and cultivars for screening the cultivar with rapid development at both early and late growth stages. In the season of 2014-2015, the differences of stem and tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components were analyzed among Yangmai 16 and other 4 cultivars under the conditions of the normal (5th Nov.) and late (19th Nov.) sowing time to clarify the growth mechanics of high-yield about Yangmai 16 with rapid development at both early and late growth stages under late-sowing treatment.【Result】 Fu F101 showed a rapid development at early growth stage with a significantly higher number of leaves and tillers (before winter and during winter period) than Zhen 10216 in the 2012-2013, Ning 09-118 and Zhen 10216 had longer grain filling and rapid development at late growth stage with higher maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) and mean grain filling rate (Gmean) thus higher grain weight than other cultivars. The 2013-2014 trial showed similar results with Fu F101 performing rapid development at early stage and Zhen 10216 at late stage. Yangmai 16 produced even more tillers than Fu F101 before winter and similar tillers to Fu F101 during winter period. Meanwhile, both Gmean and Gmax of Yangmai 16 were similar to Zhen 10216 with Gmax being more than 2.0 mg/(grain·d). LAI, stem and tiller number and dry matter accumulation of Yangmai 16 in winter period were significantly higher than Ningmai 13 and other cultivars. In 2014-2015 trial, the yield of Yangmai 16 was lower than Yangmai 22 and similar to Yangmai 20, Yangmai 23 and Ningmai 13 under normal sowing time. However, under late sowing, the yield of Yangmai 16 was significantly higher than Yangmai 20 and Ningmai 13 and had the lowest yield reduction (5.2%) compared to other cultivars.【Conclusion】Significant differences were found among varieties in the rate of development at early and late growth stages. The rapid development at both early and late stages of Yangmai 16 makes it an excellent variety with not only a reasonable yield under normal sowing date but minimum yield reduction under late sowing. In summary, rapid development at both early and late stages can be used as a key criterion for selecting wheat varieties suitable for late sowing.

Key words: wheat, breeding, late sowing, early maturing, grain yield

Table 1

Leaf number, stem and tiller number per plant at pre-wintering and wintering stage of different varieties in the experiment 1（2012-2013）"

品系
Variety		 冬前Pre-wintering 越冬期Wintering stage
单株叶片数
Leaf number per plant		 单株茎蘖数
Stem and tiller number per plant		 单株叶片数
Leaf number per plant		 单株茎蘖数
Stem and tiller number per plant
华麦鉴3 Huamai J3 3.4ab 1.3b 4.4ab 2.7ab
宁09-118 Ning 09-118 3.3abc 1.8ab 4.2abc 2.8a
宁0944 Ning 0944 3.4ab 1.5ab 4.3abc 2.9a
金麦1号 Jinmai 1 3.5a 1.5ab 4.5a 2.0c
扬09-111 Yang 09-111 3.2abc 1.3b 4.0bc 2.4abc
宁09-72 Ning 09-72 3.4ab 1.6ab 4.3abc 2.3abc
扬09G143 Yang 09G143 3.2abc 1.2b 4.1abc 2.1bc
镇10216 Zhen 10216 3.0c 1.2b 3.8c 2.0c
宁丰526 NF 526 3.1bc 1.3b 4.0bc 2.0c
富F101 Fu F101 3.5a 2.1a 4.3abc 2.7ab
宁0898 Ning 0898 3.4ab 1.7ab 4.1abc 2.5abc
扬09-130 Yang 09-130 3.2abc 1.6ab 4.0bc 2.5abc
华麦0480 Huamai 0480 3.4ab 1.5ab 4.2abc 2.6abc
扬麦11 Yangmai 11 3.4ab 1.7ab 4.2abc 2.7ab

Table 2

Stem and tiller number per plant at pre-wintering and wintering stage of different wheat cultivars in the experiment 2（2013-2014）"

品种
Cultivar		 单株茎蘖数 Stem and tiller number per plant
冬前
Pre-wintering		 越冬期
Wintering stage
扬09G143 Yang 09G143 2.3c 4.0ab
镇10216 Zhen 10216 2.4bc 3.8b
富F101 Fu F101 2.8ab 4.6a
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 2.4bc 3.9ab
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 2.6abc 4.1ab
扬麦11 Yangmai 11 2.6abc 4.3ab
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 2.7abc 4.5a
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 3.0a 4.5a

Table 3

Parameters of logistics equation of grain filling process in different varieties in the experiment 1（2012-2013）"

品系 Variety R2 K A B C0 Rmax Rmean R1 R2 R3 T Tmax
华麦鉴3 Huamai J3 0.997 45.2b 4.42 -0.21 0.51 2.22abc 1.17abc 0.60a 1.94abc 0.82abc 36.1abc 21.0ab
宁09-118 Ning 09-118 0.992 44.1bc 4.79 -0.24 0.37 2.65a 1.33a 0.65a 2.33a 0.98a 33.1cd 19.9b
宁0944 Ning 0944 0.999 39.4cde 4.47 -0.21 0.45 2.01abc 1.05cd 0.54a 1.76abc 0.74abc 37.6ab 21.9ab
金麦1号 Jinmai 1 0.994 31.7f 3.59 -0.21 0.90 1.63c 0.96d 0.61a 1.43c 0.60c 31.4d 17.5c
扬09-111 Yang 09-111 0.996 35.8ef 3.99 -0.22 0.78 1.91bc 1.07cd 0.53a 1.67bc 0.71bc 33.6bcd 16.9c
宁09-72 Ning 09-72 0.999 40.5bcde 4.03 -0.19 0.71 1.92bc 1.07cd 0.60a 1.68bc 0.71bc 38.1a 21.3ab
扬09G143 Yang 09G143 0.997 40.2bcde 3.97 -0.18 0.74 1.82bc 1.02cd 0.58a 1.59bc 0.67bc 39.7a 22.0ab
镇10216 Zhen 10216 0.996 51.2a 4.21 -0.19 0.76 2.38ab 1.30ab 0.70a 2.09ab 0.88ab 39.7a 22.6a
宁丰526 NF 526 0.997 42.9bc 4.62 -0.22 0.47 2.30ab 1.18abc 0.59a 2.02ab 0.85ab 39.0a 21.6ab
富F101 Fu F101 0.996 42.7bcd 4.37 -0.20 0.56 2.11abc 1.12bcd 0.58a 1.85abc 0.78abc 38.4a 22.2a
宁0898 Ning 0898 0.991 40.6bcde 3.88 -0.21 0.87 1.99abc 1.13bcd 0.59a 1.75bc 0.73abc 36.1abc 20.9ab
扬09-130 Yang 09-130 0.999 37.4de 4.04 -0.19 0.66 1.74bc 0.97d 0.54a 1.52bc 0.64bc 36.9abc 21.8ab
华麦0480 Huamai 0480 0.997 43.3bc 4.63 -0.22 0.42 2.32ab 1.19abc 0.59a 2.04ab 0.86ab 36.5abc 21.6ab
扬麦11 Yangmai 11 0.998 45.2b 4.18 -0.20 0.69 2.17abc 1.18abc 0.64a 1.91abc 0.80abc 38.3a 21.8ab

Table 4

Parameters of logistics equation of grain filling process in different cultivars in the experiment 2（2013-2014）"

品种Cultivar R2 K A B C0 Rmax Rmean R1 R2 R3 T Tmax
扬09G143 Yang 09G143 0.998 41.4c 3.89 -0.17 0.83 1.76c 1.00e 0.58e 1.54c 0.65d 41.6bc 22.9b
镇10216 Zhen 10216 0.997 60.8a 3.85 -0.15 1.28 2.33a 1.33a 0.78a 2.04a 0.86a 45.9a 25.1a
富F101 Fu F101 0.999 48.9b 3.71 -0.16 1.18 1.90bc 1.10bcde 0.68bc 1.66bc 0.70bcd 44.4abc 23.9ab
扬麦11 Yangmai 11 0.998 49.7b 3.88 -0.17 1.01 2.12ab 1.20b 0.70b 1.86ab 0.78abc 41.5bc 22.8b
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 0.998 48.7b 3.82 -0.16 1.05 1.89bc 1.08cde 0.64cd 1.66bc 0.70cd 45.1ab 24.6ab
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 0.997 49.5b 4.18 -0.18 0.73 2.17a 1.18bc 0.64cd 1.90a 0.80ab 40.4c 22.9b
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 0.998 49.7b 4.00 -0.17 0.90 2.09ab 1.16bcd 0.66bc 1.83ab 0.77abc 42.7abc 23.8ab
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 0.998 45.2bc 3.98 -0.17 0.84 1.89bc 1.06de 0.60de 1.65bc 0.69cd 42.9abc 23.9ab

Table 5

Correlation coefficients between grain filling parameters and grain weight"

年份 Year 粒重Grain weight Rmax Rmean R1 R2 R3 T Tmax K
2012—2013 理论值Theoretical 0.79** 0.83** 0.69** 0.79** 0.79** 0.62* 0.68** -
实际值Observed 0.84** 0.89** 0.71** 0.84** 0.84** 0.55* 0.62* 0.991**
2013—2014 理论值Theoretical 0.88** 0.94** 0.95** 0.88** 0.88** 0.65 0.65 -
实际值Observed 0.84** 0.93** 0.98** 0.84** 0.85** 0.60 0.64 0.989**

Table 6

Effect of sowing date on stem and tiller number of different cultivars (2014-2015)"

播期
Sowing date		 品种
Cultivar		 茎蘖数 Stem and tiller number（×104·hm-2）
越冬期 Wintering 拔节期 Jointing 孕穗期 Booting 开花期 Anthesis 成熟期 Mature
11-05 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 548ab 1107cd 680cd 442d 404c
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 599a 1197bc 697cd 481cd 426abc
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 485bc 1285ab 702cd 519bc 469ab
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 497bc 1127cd 633de 464cd 425abc
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 408cd 1061d 561e 489bcd 440abc
11-19 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 485bc 1096cd 722bc 514bcd 415bc
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 439cd 1140cd 802ab 529bc 430abc
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 422cd 1353a 828a 610a 490a
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 479bc 1181c 664cd 516bc 440abc
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 373d 1124cd 630de 557ab 450abc

Table 7

Effect of sowing date on Leaf Area Index (LAI) of different cultivars (2014-2015)"

播期
Sowing date		 品种
Cultivar		 叶面积指数 LAI
越冬期 Wintering 拔节期 Jointing 孕穗期 Booting 开花期 Anthesis
11-05 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 0.73a 4.0bcd 6.1bc 4.0cd
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 0.77a 4.1bcd 6.2bc 3.8de
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 0.57b 4.0bcd 6.5ab 4.3ab
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 0.71a 3.7cd 6.1bc 3.9cd
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 0.56b 3.5d 5.8c 3.6e
11-19 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 0.42c 4.2abc 6.4ab 4.1bc
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 0.36cd 4.7a 6.5ab 4.1bc
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 0.32cd 4.3abc 6.9a 4.5a
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 0.41c 4.5ab 6.6ab 4.1bcd
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 0.28d 3.8cd 6.3abc 3.8de

Table 8

Effect of sowing date on the dry matter accumulation amount of different cultivars (2014-2015)"

播期
Sowing date		 品种
Cultivar		 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation（kg·hm-2）
越冬期 Wintering 拔节期 Jointing 开花期 Anthesis 成熟期 Maturity 花后 After anthesis
11-05 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 469a 2923de 9382de 14921e 5539ab
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 474a 2757ef 9865cd 14893e 5029cde
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 364bc 2850def 10158c 15874cd 5716a
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 407ab 2699f 9759cde 15143de 5384abc
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 347bc 2756ef 9160e 14452e 5292abcd
11-19 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 403ab 3382a 11491b 16565bc 5075bcde
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 361bc 3156bc 11413b 16089bc 4676e
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 314cd 3298ab 12614a 17951a 5337abcd
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 393abc 3352ab 12141a 16992b 4851de
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 256d 3015cd 11320b 15914cd 4594e

Table 9

The grain yield and its components of cultivars under different sowing dates during the 2014-2015 cropping season"

播期
Sowing date		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
Spike number
(×104·hm-2)		 单穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000 grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(kg·hm-2)		 减产幅度
Decrease rate
(%)		 成熟期（月-日）
Maturity
(month-day)
11-05 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 404c 46.2a 40.5a 6777b - 5-26
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 426abc 46.3a 37.2c 6620bcd - 5-26
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 469ab 44.2a 38.6b 7104a - 5-25
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 425abc 47.4a 37.0cd 6811b - 5-24
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 440abc 46.2a 36.6cd 6703bc - 5-25
11-19 扬麦16 Yangmai 16 415bc 44.1a 40.2a 6423cd 5.2 5-26
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 430abc 43.4a 37.0cd 6099e 8.3 5-30
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 490a 42.1a 35.3e 6456cd 10.3 5-29
扬麦23 Yangmai 23 440abc 44.5a 36.6d 6363de 6.6 5-26
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 450abc 43.4a 35.5e 6075e 9.8 5-30
F值
F value		 播期Sowing date(S) 2.2 12.5** 289.5** 183.6**
品种 Cultivars(C) 8.0** 1.5 500.2** 18.2**
播期×品种S×C 0.12 0.06 71.03** 2.08
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