Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1868-1877.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.006

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Maize Cob Mechanical Strength and Its Influence on Kernel Broken Rate

Jun XUE, LuLu LI, WanXu ZHANG, Qun WANG, RuiZhi XIE, KeRu WANG, Bo MING, Peng HOU, ShaoKun LI   

  1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2018-01-11 Accepted:2018-03-30 Online:2018-05-16 Published:2018-05-16

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The objectives of this study were to investigate the variation of maize cob mechanical strength and its influence on kernel broken rate to provide a theoretical basis for improving maize harvest quality. 【Method】 Maize cultivars selection experiments were conducted in large area field. The same combine harvester and operating personnel were used in different harvest date to study the variation regularity and influence factors of maize cob mechanical strength during late growth period, to analyze the relationship between cob mechanical strength and kernel broken rate. The cob morphology, moisture content, dry matter accumulation, mechanical strength characters, kernel moisture content, and broken rate were investigated in this research. 【Result】 The results showed that, as harvest date delayed, maize kernel and cob moisture content decreased, and the bending strength of 8 cm and whole cob, and kernel broken rate showed a trend of decrease first and then increase. When kernel moisture content was below 20.1%, kernel broken rate increased exponentially with the increase in cob strength. When kernel moisture content was higher than 20.1%, kernel broken rate increased exponentially with the increase in bending strength of whole cob, and there was no significant relationship between kernel broken rate and bending strength of 8 cm cob. The bending strength was significantly and negatively correlated with moisture content of cob. In contrast, bending strength were significantly and positively correlated with penetration strength, dry weight, dry weight per unit length, and dry weight per unit volume. Path analysis showed that dry weight per unit length had the greatest effect on bending strength of cob. 【Conclusion】 Cob mechanical strength is one of the important factors affecting kernel broken rate in maize grain harvest. The dry matter accumulation and moisture content are important factors affecting the mechanical strength of the cob during late stage.

Key words: maize, cob, bending strength, mechanical grain harvest, broken rate

Table 1

Experimental maize cultivars"

试验地点
Experimental site		 品种数
Number of cultivars		 玉米品种名称
Maize cultivars name
新乡
Xinxiang		 28 辽单585、辽单586、辽单575、MC670、泽玉501、泽玉8911、吉单66、东单913、裕丰303、中科玉505、联创808、联创825、金通152、农华5号、农华816、恒玉898、迪卡517、迪卡653、新单58、新单65、新单68、陕单636、陕单650、宇玉30、利单295、LA 505、北斗309、豫单9953
LD585, LD586, LD575, MC670, ZY501, ZY8911, JD66, DD913, YF303, ZKY505, LC808, LC825, JT152, NH5, NH816, HY898, DK517, DK653, XD58, XD65, XD68, SD636, SD650, YY30, LD295, LA505, BD309, YD9953
奇台
Qitai		 40 辽单585、辽单575、辽单586、泽玉8911、泽玉501、MC670、M751、九玉Y02、联创528、登海318、登海105、登海618、登海1739、登海1786、登海1769、豫单9953、郑单309、郑单528、郑单1002、陕单628、农华213、大成168、新玉47、北斗309、利单295、联创808、矮单268、郑单1002、九玉M03、金珠58、先玉1331、豫单132、增玉1572、增玉1317、优旗909、京华8号、和育187、KWS9384、KWS3564、植青1号
LD585, LD575, LD586, ZY8911, ZY501, MC670, M751, JYY02, LC528, DH318, DH105, DH618, DH1739, DH1786, DH1769, YD9953, ZD309, ZD528, ZD1002, SD628, NH213, DC168, XY47, BD309, LD295, LC808, AD268, ZD1002, JYM03, JZ58, XY1331, YD132, ZY1572, ZY1317, YQ909, JH8, HY187, KWS9384, KWS3564, ZQ1

Fig. 1

The moisture content, broken rate of maize kernel, and moisture content, bending strength of cob under different harvest dates (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

Fig. 2

Relation between cob bending strength and kernel broken rate in maize mechanical grain harvesting (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

Fig. 3

Relation between cob bending strength and kernel broken rate in maize mechanical grain harvesting (Qitai, Xinjiang, spring maize)"

Table 2

Analysis of effect factor on bending strength of maize cob (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

变量
Variable		 P-值 P-value
8 cm抗折断力
Bending strength of 8 cm cob		 全长抗折断力
Bending strength of whole cob
收获日期 Harvest date <0.001** <0.001**
品种 Cultivar <0.001** <0.001**
长度 Length 0.060 ns 0.935 ns
外直径 Outside diameter 0.196 ns 0.890 ns
内直径 Internal diameter 0.355 ns 0.884 ns
壁厚 Wall thickness 0.398 ns 0.847 ns
穗轴含水率 Moisture content 0.017* 0.627 ns
穿刺强度 Penetration strength 0.859 ns 0.120 ns
干重 Dry weight 0.990 ns 0.485 ns
单位长度干重
Dry weight per unit length		 0.003** 0.242 ns
单位体积干重
Dry weight per unit volume		 0.567 ns 0.277 ns
长度/外径
Length/outside diameter		 0.042* 0.795 ns

Table 3

Correlation analysis among maize cob bending strength, weight and moisture content (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

收获期
Harvest date		 抗折断力
Bending
strength		 穗轴特征 Cob characteristic
长度
Length		 外直径
Outside diameter		 内直径
Internal diameter		 壁厚
Wall thickness		 含水率 Moisture content 穿刺强度 Penetration strength 干重
Dry weight		 单位长度干重
Dry weight per unit length		 单位体积干重
Dry weight per unit volume		 长度/外径 Length/
outside diameter
10-6—
10-16		 8 cm抗折断力
Bending strength of 8 cm cob		 0.195 ns 0.483** 0.224 ns 0.382** -0.057 ns 0.743** 0.662** 0.239 ns 0.491** -0.187 ns
全长抗折断力
Bending strength of whole cob		 -0.009 ns 0.249 ns 0.014 ns 0.305 ns -0.287 ns 0.658** 0.743** 0.475* 0.649** -0.229 ns
10-27—11-25 8 cm抗折断力
Bending strength of 8 cm cob		 0.027 ns 0.309** 0.281** 0.087 ns -0.292** 0.640** 0.754** 0.377** 0.618** -0.162 ns
全长抗折断力
Bending strength of whole cob		 -0.216* 0.069 ns 0.047 ns 0.035 ns -0.450** 0.464** 0.680** 0.555** 0.686** -0.216*
10-6—
11-25		 8 cm抗折断力
Bending strength of 8 cm cob		 0.021 ns 0.297** 0.252** 0.128 ns -0.308** 0.575** 0.575** 0.706** 0.352** -0.179*
全长抗折断力
Bending strength of whole cob		 -0.176 ns 0.104 ns 0.047 ns 0.084 ns -0.358** 0.671** 0.484** 0.675** 0.525** -0.220*

Fig. 4

Relationship between penetration strength, moisture content, dry matter accumulation and bending strength of maize cob (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

Table 4

Path analysis of moisture content, dry matter accumulation, penetration strength and bending strength of maize cob (Xinxiang, Henan, summer maize)"

穗轴机械强度
Mechanical strength of cob		 因素
Factors		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
8 cm抗折断力
Bending strength of 8 cm cob		 X1 -0.299** -0.001 -0.047 0.151 -0.113
X2 -0.008 -0.019 0.665 -0.177 0.114
X3 0.779** 0.018 -0.007 -0.206 0.122
X4 -0.358** 0.126 -0.004 0.448 0.139
X5 0.220** 0.153 -0.004 0.431 -0.225
全长抗折断力
Bending strength of whole cob		 X1 -0.011 -0.004 -0.088 0.010 -0.265
X2 -0.370** -0.001 0.643 -0.012 0.223
X3 0.755** 0.001 -0.316 -0.014 0.249
X4 -0.023 0.005 -0.193 0.460 0.276
X5 0.440** 0.007 -0.188 0.427 -0.014
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