Abstract: 【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for Agaricus bisporus cultivation in formula optimization and resource utilization.【Method】Four formulas of different substrates were performed as substrate materials, including wheat straw formula (T1), wheat and rice straw mixing formula (T2), wheat straw and corn stalk mixing formula (T3), and wheat straw and spent compost mixing formula (T4). The substrates were composted using the secondary fermentation method in the factory fermentation tunnel. Mushroom management proceeded in standard mushroom room workshop with controllable temperature, humidity and ventilation. The culture strain was Sylven A15. Substrate samples were collected at different time during composting and mushroom cultivation. Seven physical and chemical properties were measured, including water content, pH value, conductivity, carbon content, ash content, nitrogen content, and C/N ratio. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and corresponding yields were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The agronomic traits of mushroom, such as mushroom weight, pileus diameter, pileus thickness and fruit body hardness, were analyzed based on the UPOV method. 【Result】The results showed that both water content and pH of the substrates in the four formulas were declined from the composting to cultivation periods. At the end of secondary fermentation, water content of the four formulas was about 70%, and the pH of formula T1 was 9.02. They were significantly higher than other formulations. The conductivity started to rise at the end of secondary fermentation. The conductivity of the four formulas softly increased during the secondary fermentation except T4 which underwent a significant declining at first fermentation stage. The ash content of the samples presented an upward trend. While at the end of the secondary fermentation, the ash content of formula T1 was significantly lower than that of the other three. The carbon content was continuously decreased during the culturing period especially in fruiting stage. At the end of the secondary fermentation, the carbon content of formula T1 was significantly higher than that of others. The nitrogen content of substrates at the end of the secondary fermentation was an important indicator for mushroom yield of the 1^st flush. The amount reached to 1.9%-2.2%. During the fruiting stage, the nitrogen content was gradually reduced due to the consumption of substrates nutrition by mushroom mycelia. The nitrogen content of formula T4 was significantly higher than that of others. The formula T1 possessed the highest water content at cultivation period, and the highest yield of mushroom with the most stable agronomic characters. The second flush yield of formulas T1, T2 and T3 were 3 061.41, 2 534.47, 2 534.47 kg, respectively. They accounted for 43.81%, 39.89% and 49.71% of their total yield, respectively. The first flush yield of formula T4 was the the highest (3 064.19 kg), and accounted for 47.39% of its total yield. The multiple regression analysis resulted Y₁=-5926.766＋3770.091X₆, Y₂=6285.502＋4920.672X₁-1061.418X₂-245.782X₃＋949.998X₅＋26081.326X₆, Y₃=3073.013＋7030.476X₁-114.728X₅-910.576X₆. The results showed that the water content of substrates was positively correlated with the yield of the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd flush. The nitrogen content of substrates was positively correlated with the yield of the 1^st and 2^nd flush. The carbon content of substrates was positively correlated with the yield of the 2^nd flush, while the carbon and nitrogen content of substrates was negatively correlated with the yield of 3^rd flush. 【Conclusion】The water content of substrates during fruiting stage is the key element to improve the agronomic traits and yield ofmushroom A. bisporus. Increasing the content of carbon and nitrogen is beneficial for the yield formation of the 1^st and 2^nd flush.

Key words: Agaricus bisporus, substrates, the physical and chemical properties, agronomic traits, yield