Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 1666-1673.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.09.012

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on Phylogeny of 240 Mandarin Accessions with Genotyping-by-Sequencing Technology

WANG XiaoKe1, JIANG Dong1,2, SUN ZhenZhu1   

  1. 1Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712; 2Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712
  • Received:2016-11-16 Online:2017-05-01 Published:2017-05-01

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Abstract: 【Objective】Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is an economic technique to discover SNP and genotype myriad of crop germplasms in an effective way. The aim of this study is to clarify the classification and evolution of 240 mandarin germplasms by using GBS. 【Method】 A total of 240 mandarin germplasms conserved in the National Citrus Germplasm Repository in Chongqing, with widely genetic diversity and geographic origin, were selected as trial materials. GBS library was constructed with genomic DNAs after digested with EcoR I restriction endonuclease and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq PE150, then the sequences were mapped to the clementine (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka) reference genome by using BWA, and SNPs were called with the SAMTOOLS pipeline. With the SNPs genotyping data, a phylogenetic tree was built by using Neighbor-joining method and a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. 【Result】By using GBS, a total of 96.3 Gb of sequences were generated from the 240 mandarin germplasms, and each sample produced 401.26 Mb in average. After screening with parameter of dp4, miss0.2 and minor alleles frequency (MAF)＞0.01, a total of high quality 114 200 SNP sites were retained. The PCA analysis showed that the 240 mandarin germplasms could be divided into 4 groups, in which satsuma sub-group and wild mandarin sub-group could be clearly separated from other mandarin accessions. With phylogenetic analysis, the 240 mandarin germplasms could be divided into 11 groups. Both the phylogenetic analysis and PCA suggested that the genetic variations were presented in mandarin germplasms with different geographical origins and morphological characteristics. For example, satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Macf.) derived from Japan, clementine (Citrus clementina Hort.ex. Tanaka) and its offspring from Europe and America, as well as wild mandarins from China could be clearly distinguished based on phylogenetic tree, moreover the phylogenetic tree showed that the mandarin germplasms derived from the Southern and Northern of China have unique evolutionary route. The wild mandarins distributed in Nanling Mountain and southern China have a closer phylogenetic relationship with sour mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort.ex Tanaka) and Shatang ju mandarin, which are widely cultivated in southern China nowadays, whereas the evolution of mandarins in the northern of China were related to some primitive and old cultivars. In addition, hybrid breeding, long-term artificial selection and domestication led to the subdivision formation and increased the genetic diversity of mandarin. Besides, results of this study showed that GBS has a potential advantage to identify some mandarin accessions with suspicious parents. For example, the phylogenetic tree clearly shows that “Or” tangor has a very close relationship with Kinnow mandarin. 【Conclusion】GBS technology provides an effective and high feasible approach to assistant the taxonomic classification of 240 mandarin accessions, the classification results are in accordance with the conclusion based on morphological method. Meanwhile GBS also is a powerful tool for germplasm identification, and can be applied in the new cultivars identification and intellectual property protection.

Key words: GBS, mandarin, phylogenetic evolution, germplasm identification

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