氮钾配施下施磷对冬小麦群体发育特性、冠层光截获及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of phosphate (P) fertilizer on winter wheat population development, canopy intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and yield under certain nitrogen and potassic (NK) fertilizer levels and to study the relationship between IPAR and leaf area index (LAI) and provide a theoretical foundation for P fertilizer application.【Method】 Zhengmai7698 was used in this study. Four NK fertilizer combinations were designed: Low nitrogen and low potassium (N₁K₁, N 225 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 150 kg·hm^-2), low nitrogen and high potassium (N₁K₂, N 225 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 225 kg·hm^-2), high nitrogen and low potassium (N₂K₁, N 300 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 150 kg·hm^-2), high nitrogen and high potassium (N₂K₂, N 300 kg·hm^-2+K₂O 225 kg·hm^-2). Five P fertilizer application levels were used under each NK fertilizer combinations: P₀ (P₂O₅ 0 kg·hm^-2), P₁ (P₂O₅ 150 kg·hm^-2), P₂ (P₂O₅ 225 kg·hm^-2), P₃(P₂O₅ 300 kg·hm^-2) and P₄(P₂O₅ 375 kg·hm^-2). The dynamics of wheat population, LAI, dry matter accumulation after flowering, IPAR and wheat grain yield were measured and analyzed using Data Processing System (DPS) software.【Result】(1)Under the four NK fertilizer combinations, total tillers per stem, dry matter accumulation after flowering and LAI increased with the P (P₂O₅) fertilizer rate changed from 0 kg·hm^-2 to 225 kg·hm^-2_,peaked at 225 kg·hm^-2_,and decreased thereafter. (2) The response of IPAR to different P fertilizer under certain NK fertilizer combination showed the order as P₂＞P₁＞P₃＞P₄＞P₀. The highest IPAR was found in N₁K₁ among all the NK fertilizer combinations. (3) IPAR was positively related to LAI under the four NK fertilizer combinations. The fitting index between IPAR and LAI were 0.8492, 0.8363, 0.7321, 0.8081 under N₁K₁, N₁K₂, N₂K₁, and N₂K₂combinations. Correlation analysis showed that there existed a quadratic polynomical relation between yield and LAI. The fitting index was 0.7145. (4)Wheat grain yield benefited from P fertilizer (P₂O₅) application when its rate increased from 0 to 225 kg·hm^-2. N₁K₁had the highest grain yield. Compared to all other P fertilizer rates, P₂(P₂O₅225 kg·hm^-2) demonstrated the highest grain yield and rate of grain increase.【Conclusion】 N₁K₁P₂(N 225 kg·hm^-2+ K₂O 150 kg·hm^-2 + P₂O₅ 225 kg·hm^-2) was the best NPK combination, which resulted the best canopy structure, optimal LAI, highest dry matter accumulation after flowering, enhanced IPAR and the highest grain yield.

Key words: wheat, group development characteristic, ratios of N, K, and P, IPAR, grain yield

YUE Jun-qin, ZHANG De-qi, LI Xiang-dong, WANG Han-fang, SHAO Yun-hui, FANG Bao-ting, Lü Feng-rong, MA Fu-ju, QIN Feng, YANG Cheng. Effects of Phosphorus on Winter Wheat Population Characteristics, Canopy Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Yield Under Certain Nitrogen-Potassium Rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 840-851.

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Effects of Phosphorus on Winter Wheat Population Characteristics, Canopy Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Yield Under Certain Nitrogen-Potassium Rates

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