马铃薯晚疫病菌对霜脲氰抗性动态监测及药效验证

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.18.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the temporal and spatial dynamics of resistance to cymoxanil of Phytophthora infestans from potato of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province, assess the control efficacy of cymoxanil and the mixed fungicides containing cymoxanil against potato late blight, and to provide the clues for the management of resistance of P. infestans to cymoxanil and the rational use of cymoxanil for control of potato late blight.【Method】The sensitivities to cymoxanil of 824 single-sporangial strains of P. infestans collected from main potato production areas of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province from 2011 to 2019 were measured by the mycelial growth inhibition test. Also the control efficacies of cymoxanil and the mixed fungicides containing cymoxanil to potato late blight were evaluated in the fields.【Result】The population of P. infestans of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province slowly developed low resistance to cymoxanil. The average EC₅₀, average resistance factor, resistance frequency and resistance index of P. infestans to cymoxanil fluctuated over years of monitoring and locations of sampling, and tended to keep low-level and even. The average EC₅₀, average resistance factor and resistance index of P. infestans strains over years to cymoxanil were 0.06-0.44 μg·mL^-1, 0.29-2.18, and 0.25-0.47, respectively. Only sensitive strains were detected in 2011 and 2017. The resistance frequency of P. infestans to cymoxanil from 2012 to 2016 was 1.90%-58.57%. The resistance frequency of P. infestans to cymoxanil in 2018 and 2019 was 20.83% and 88.14%, respectively. The average EC₅₀, average resistance factor, resistance frequency and resistance index of P. infestans strains in different provinces (Autonomous Region) to cymoxanil were 0.17-0.18 μg·mL^-1, 0.85-0.91, 16.61%-22.22%, and 0.29-0.31, respectively. The result of field trials on control efficacy of fungicides showed that cymoxanil 20% SC, cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP and famoxadone·cymoxanil 52.5% WG provided the control efficacies of 81.5%-87.1% against potato late blight, which were significantly higher than those (61.8%-69.3%) given by mefenoxam·mancozeb 68% WG.【Conclusion】P. infestans population of Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province remained sensitive to cymoxanil on the whole, currently. Cymoxanil 20% SC and the mixed fungicides cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP and famoxadone·cymoxanil 52.5% WG still had high efficacies in control of potato late blight. Thus, in the areas where P. infestans widely developed high resistance to metalaxyl and mefenoxam, cymoxanil 20% SC, cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP and famoxadone·cymoxanil 52.5% WG could be used instead of the phenylamide fungicides. But it was necessary to monitor the dynamics of resistance to cymoxanil of P. infestans, and limit the application times of cymoxanil singly or in mixtures within twice per growth season and apply the fungicides containing cymoxanil in rotation or in mixture with the fungicides of different action modes.

Key words: Phytophthora infestans, cymoxanil, resistance dynamics, mixed fungicides containing cymoxanil, control efficacy in field

Fen LU,RunJie MENG,Jie WU,JianJiang ZHAO,Yang LI,QiuYan BI,XiuYing HAN,JingHua LI,WenQiao WANG. Monitoring of Resistance Dynamics of Phytophthora infestans to Cymoxanil and Control Efficacy Validation of Cymoxanil-Containing Fungicides Against Potato Late Blight[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(18): 3556-3564.

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References 31

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药剂 Fungicide	登记或推荐制剂量 Registered or recommended dosage (g/667 m²)	有效成分用量 Active ingredient (g a.i./hm²)	制剂量 Dosage of fungicide preparations (g/667 m²)
20%霜脲氰SC Cymoxanil 20% SC	63.3*	190	63.3
80%代森锰锌WP Mancozeb 80% WP	120-180	1920	160
72%霜脲氰·代森锰锌WP Cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP	107-150	1620	150
52.5%噁唑菌酮·霜脲氰WG Famoxadone·cymoxanil 52.5% WG	20-40	236.25	30
68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌WG Mefenoxam·mancozeb 68% WG	100-120	1020	100
清水对照Water control	—	—	—

年份 Year	菌株数 Number of strains	平均EC₅₀ Average EC₅₀ (μg·mL^-1)	平均抗性倍数 Average resistance factor	不同敏感型菌株所占百分率 Percentage of strains of different sensitivity types (%)				抗性频率 Resistance frequency (%)	抗性指数 Resistance index
年份 Year	菌株数 Number of strains	平均EC₅₀ Average EC₅₀ (μg·mL^-1)	平均抗性倍数 Average resistance factor	敏感 S	低抗 LR	中抗 MR	高抗 HR	抗性频率 Resistance frequency (%)	抗性指数 Resistance index
2011	110	0.07±0.04e	0.35±0.18e	100.00	0	0	0	0	0.25
2012	86	0.26±0.07b	1.28±0.34b	61.63	38.37	0	0	38.37	0.35
2013	70	0.44±0.35a	2.18±1.75a	41.43	58.57	0	0	58.57	0.40
2014	96	0.15±0.07d	0.77±0.34d	94.79	5.21	0	0	5.21	0.26
2015	122	0.12±0.06d	0.61±0.32d	95.08	4.92	0	0	4.92	0.26
2016	105	0.08±0.05e	0.38±0.24e	98.10	1.90	0	0	1.90	0.25
2017	80	0.06±0.03e	0.29±0.14e	100.00	0	0	0	0	0.25
2018	96	0.20±0.09c	1.02±0.43c	79.17	20.83	0	0	20.83	0.30
2019	59	0.41±0.13a	2.07±0.64a	11.86	88.14	0	0	88.14	0.47

省（自治区） Province (Autonomous Region)	菌株数 Number of strains	平均EC₅₀ Average EC₅₀ (μg·mL^-1)	平均抗性倍数 Average resistance factor	不同敏感型菌株所占百分率 Percentage of strains of different sensitivity types (%)				抗性频率 Resistance frequency (%)	抗性指数 Resistance index
省（自治区） Province (Autonomous Region)	菌株数 Number of strains	平均EC₅₀ Average EC₅₀ (μg·mL^-1)	平均抗性倍数 Average resistance factor	敏感 S	低抗 LR	中抗 MR	高抗 HR	抗性频率 Resistance frequency (%)	抗性指数 Resistance index
河北 Hebei	297	0.18±0.17a	0.91±0.91a	77.78	22.22	0	0	22.22	0.31
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	256	0.18±0.16a	0.90±0.82a	81.25	18.75	0	0	18.75	0.30
吉林 Jilin	271	0.17±0.18a	0.85±0.92a	83.39	16.61	0	0	16.61	0.29

药剂 Fungicide	2018		2019
药剂 Fungicide	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)	病情指数 Disease index	防治效果 Control efficacy (%)
20%霜脲氰SC Cymoxanil 20% SC	3.72±0.23	81.5±0.39a	3.34±0.09	81.8±0.80b
80%代森锰锌WP Mancozeb 80% WP	4.63±0.48	76.9±1.97b	3.78±0.45	79.4±2.75c
72%霜脲氰·代森锰锌WP Cymoxanil·mancozeb 72% WP	3.38±0.15	83.1±0.81a	2.37±0.24	87.1±1.51a
52.5%噁唑菌酮·霜脲氰WG Famoxadone·cymoxanil 52.5% WG	3.24±0.32	83.9±0.95a	2.72±0.15	85.2±1.08a
68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌WG Mefenoxam·mancozeb 68% WG	7.66±0.90	61.8±4.19c	5.65±0.44	69.3±2.52d
清水对照 Water control	20.07±0.83	—	18.41±0.45	—

Monitoring of Resistance Dynamics of Phytophthora infestans to Cymoxanil and Control Efficacy Validation of Cymoxanil-Containing Fungicides Against Potato Late Blight

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年份 Year	合计 Total	菌株数 Number of strains
年份 Year	合计 Total	河北 Hebei	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	吉林 Jilin
2011	110	40	38	32
2012	86	31	29	26
2013	70	27	20	23
2014	96	30	24	42
2015	122	52	33	37
2016	105	32	37	36
2017	80	30	25	25
2018	96	34	30	32
2019	59	21	20	18
2011—2019	824	297	256	271

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