填闲作物种类及翻压比例对盐渍化棉田土壤肥力及经济效益的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the soil degradation problems (including low organic matter content, nutrient imbalance, and secondary salinization) caused by long-term continuous cropping of cotton fields in northern Shandong, this study aimed to identify the suitable catch crop species and optimal incorporation ratio for salinized cotton fields in this region, so as to provide the technical support for ecological restoration and green production of cotton fields.【Method】The experiment was conducted at the experimental demonstration base in Wucheng County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province from 2022 to 2023. A split-plot design was adopted, with the main plots being three catch crop species: Orychophragmus violaceus, Vicia villosa Roth, and Lolium perenne L., and the subplots being four incorporation ratios: 100%, 70%, 30%, and 0. Winter fallow bare land was used as the control (CK). The biomass and nutrient accumulation of catch crops were systematically determined before incorporation, and soil physicochemical properties (such as available phosphorus, available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, organic matter, pH, and electrical conductivity), microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and activities of key soil enzymes (such as urease, sucrase, and catalase) were dynamically monitored at the seedling, flowering, and harvest stages of cotton. The comprehensive soil fertility index (IFI) was calculated using the fuzzy mathematics membership function combined with principal component analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by integrating cotton yield and annual economic benefits.【Result】(1) There were significant differences in soil improvement functions among different catch crops (P<0.05): Vicia villosa Roth had the highest total nitrogen accumulation (70.4 kg·hm^-2), showing the best performance in improving soil nitrogen supply and comprehensive fertility; Lolium perenne L. had the highest fresh weight (31 951.4 kg·hm^-2), dry weight (6 058.0 kg·hm^-2), and total carbon accumulation (3 129.9 kg·hm^-2), with significant advantages in carbon input and biomass accumulation; Orychophragmus violaceus had stable nutrient release and balanced overall performance. (2) The incorporation ratio significantly regulated soil indicators (P<0.05), and the 100% incorporation treatment performed the best. Compared with CK, it reduced soil electrical conductivity by 32.7% on average, increased organic matter by 15.9%, and enhanced the activities of urease, sucrase, and catalase by 142.3%, 46.4%, and 54.6%, respectively. (3) There were growth stage differences between soil physicochemical properties and biological activities: organic matter was the core for driving factor at the cotton seedling stage (significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activities, P<0.05); the inhibitory effect of electrical conductivity was significantly enhanced at the harvest stage (correlation coefficients -0.5--0.9). (4) The IFI under 100% incorporation treatment of Vicia villosa Roth was the highest (0.76), with a cotton yield of 5 263.6 kg·hm^-2 and a net income of 21 477.0 yuan/hm², an increase of 50.0% compared with CK; although 100% incorporation of Lolium perenne L. increased soil carbon storage, it significantly inhibited cotton growth, and the net income decreased by 24.0% compared with CK.【Conclusion】100% incorporation of Vicia villosa Roth was the optimal improvement model for slightly salinized cotton fields in northern Shandong, which could achieve the coordinated improvement of ecological and economic benefits. The matching mechanism between catch crop functional characteristics and incorporation ratio under this model provided a reference for the improvement of similar salinized farmland.

Key words: cover crop, incorporation ratio, salinized cotton fields, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, enzyme activity, soil fertility, economic benefit

WANG YuXia, LUO ChuXin, LI ZiShuang, DU MengYang, LI HongJie, ZHOU XiaoLin, LIU BaiLin, CAO WeiDong, LI ZiZhong. Effects of Cover Crop Species and Incorporation Ratios on Soil Fertility and Economic Returns in Salinized Cotton Fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(15): 3352-3373.

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填闲作物种类 Cover crop specie	鲜重 Fresh weight (kg·hm^-2)	含水量 Moisture content (%)	干重 Dry weight (kg·hm^-2)	养分含量Nutrient content (%)				养分累积量Nutrient accumulation (kg·hm^-2)				C/N
填闲作物种类 Cover crop specie	鲜重 Fresh weight (kg·hm^-2)	含水量 Moisture content (%)	干重 Dry weight (kg·hm^-2)	氮干基 N dry-mass basis	磷干基 P dry-mass basis	钾干基 K dry-mass basis	碳干基 C dry-mass basis	TN	TP	TK	TC	C/N
Ory	20431.1c	81.5b	3768.1c	1.5b	0.5a	1.8a	47.6b	57.0b	19.3a	69.4c	1794.6b	31.5b
Vic	26068.7b	84.0a	4181.4b	1.7a	0.4a	1.9a	45.4b	70.4a	18.6a	78.5b	1898.9b	27.0c
Lol	31951.4a	81.0b	6058.0a	1.1c	0.4a	1.7b	51.7a	68.1a	25.3a	105.7a	3129.9a	46.0a

棉花生育时期 Cotton growth period	方差来源 Source of variation	df	AP		AK		AN		SOM		EC		pH
棉花生育时期 Cotton growth period	方差来源 Source of variation	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
苗期 Seedling stage	填闲作物Cover crop	3	47.85	0.00	9.89	0.00	12.04	0.00	24.55	0.00	14.85	0.00	1.06	0.36
	翻压比例Incorporation ratio	4	15.37	0.00	3.98	0.02	13.17	0.00	7.85	0.00	1.71	0.19	0.62	0.61
	填闲作物×翻压比例Cover crop×Incorporation ratio	12	2.72	0.04	0.35	0.90	1.10	0.39	2.61	0.04	1.48	0.23	0.73	0.63
收获期 Harvest stage	填闲作物Cover crop	3	3.82	0.04	18.40	0.00	38.39	0.00	3.07	0.07	6.35	0.01	3.74	0.04
	翻压比例Incorporation ratio	4	16.59	0.00	18.27	0.00	8.54	0.00	14.00	0.00	70.10	0.00	3.52	0.03
	填闲作物×翻压比例Cover crop×Incorporation ratio	12	1.89	0.12	5.16	0.00	0.83	0.56	3.42	0.01	2.37	0.06	0.55	0.77

处理Treatment	IFI
Ory100%	0.71b
Ory70%	0.59c
Ory30%	0.51d
Ory0	0.43ef
Vic100%	0.76a
Vic70%	0.61c
Vic30%	0.53d
Vic0	0.45ef
Lol100%	0.73ab
Lol70%	0.62c
Lol30%	0.53d
Lol0	0.46e
CK	0.41f

处理 Treatment	牧草年收入 Annual forage revenue (yuan/hm²)	棉花产量 Cotton yield(kg·hm^-2)	棉花年收入 Annual cotton revenue (yuan/hm²)	周年总收入 Annual gross income (yuan/hm²)	周年总投入 Annual total cost (yuan/hm²)	周年净收益 Annual net benefit (¥/hm²)
Ory100%	0.00	5063.67ab	37977.50ab	37977.50cd	18000	19977.50cd
Ory70%	1838.80	4923.40bc	36925.50bc	38764.30bc	17700	21064.30bc
Ory30%	4290.53	4511.18de	33833.88de	38124.41bcd	17400	20724.41c
Ory0	6129.33	4297.07ef	32228.00ef	38357.33bc	17100	21257.33bc
Vic100%	0.00	5263.60a	39477.00a	39477.00bc	18000	21477.00bc
Vic70%	2346.19	4677.50cd	35081.25cd	37427.44cd	17700	19727.44cd
Vic30%	5474.43	4491.55de	33686.63de	39161.06bc	17400	21761.06bc
Vic0	7820.62	4511.75de	33838.13de	41658.74a	17100	24558.74a
Lol100%	0.00	3849.90g	28874.25g	28874.25f	18000	10874.25f
Lol70%	2875.62	4406.05def	33045.38def	35921.00d	17700	18221.00d
Lol30%	6709.78	4123.25fg	30924.38fg	37634.16cd	17400	20234.16cd
Lol0	9585.41	4102.85fg	30771.38fg	40356.78ab	17100	23256.78ab
CK	0.00	4188.50f	31413.75f	31413.75e	17100	14313.75e

Effects of Cover Crop Species and Incorporation Ratios on Soil Fertility and Economic Returns in Salinized Cotton Fields

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