新型土壤消毒一体机提高棉隆土壤分布均匀性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Dazomet is the granular soil fumigant with the largest applied area and used amount in China, which has excellent control effect on soil-borne pathogens, nematode, underground insects and weeds. However, dazomet application through hand can easily lead to drug drift and uneven soil distribution, which significantly reducing the fumigation effects. Therefore, it is high time to find an efficient and safe application technology of dazomet. In this study, an integrated soil disinfection machine was applied to increase the depth of pesticide application and improve the distribution uniformity of soil layer of dazomet.【Method】The field fumigation was combined with indoor culture experiments to evaluate the distribution uniformity of the fumigant in different depth layers (0-40 cm) as well as the control effects on Fusarium and Phytophthora following dazomet fumigation by a new integrated soil disinfection machine (NIM). The headspace sampling and GC-MS were used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of gas methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) and residual MITC in soil at different depths of 0-40 cm. The specific culture medium was used to isolate the soil-borne pathogens of Fusarium and Phytophthora in soil, and then the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria at different depths of 0-40 cm were analyzed.【Result】The fumigation tests in Anhui, Shanxi and Hebei all showed that, under the model of machine application, fumigant dazomet was evenly distributed in 0-40 cm deep soil layer, the concentration of MITC in gas and in soil was 1.46-3.02 and 18.67-26.27 μg/g soil, respectively, and there was no significant difference in MITC solubility among different deep soil layers. However, in the hand-sprinkling mode, dazomet was mainly distributed in 0-10 cm deep soil layer, and no MITC was detected in 20-40 cm deep soil layer. In addition, MITC solubility in 20-40 cm deep soil layer could not be increased by increasing dazomet application dosage under the hand-sprinkling mode, but MITC solubility in 0-10 cm deep soil layer under the hand-sprinkling mode and 0-40 cm deep soil layer under the machine application mode was significantly increased. Furthermore, the results showed that the decrease rate of Fusarium and Phytophthora at 0-40 cm depth was 90%-100% under machine application mode, while the decrease rate at 20-40 cm depth was less than 43% under hand-sprinkling mode. Even though the decrease rate of Fusarium and Phytophthora was as much as 90%-100% at 0-10 cm depth under hand-sprinkling mode. There was no significant difference on Phytophthora control effect between 40 and 60 g·m^-2 dazoment application dosage.【Conclusion】The new soil disinfection machine in this study can effectively improve dazomst soil distribution uniformity and increase the prevention and control effects of soil pathogens in the deep soil layer. The pesticide content at each depth soil layer was significantly increased under the machine application mode when dazoment application was increased.

Key words: soil fumigation, dazomet, disinfecting apparatus, soil-borne disease, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC)

FANG WenSheng,CAO AoCheng,WANG QiuXia,YAN DongDong,LI Yuan,JIN Xi,ZHAO QiLong,QIU YaoKang,ZHAO HongMing. A New Integrated Soil Disinfection Machine Improves the Uniformity of Dazomet in Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(12): 2570-2580.

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References 30

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	含水量 Water content (%)	pH (1﹕2.5)	电导率 Conductivity (μs·cm^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
山西运城 Yuncheng, Shanxi	16.2	8.4	289.5	16.1	2.4	150.1	259.3	20.0
河北满城 Mancheng, Hebei	29.6	7.8	350.0	36.0	1.6	381.1	490.6	18.0
安徽长丰 Changfeng, Anhui	23.4	7.3	314.6	36.9	10.1	404.2	422.5	12.3

		安徽Anhui			山西Shanxi			河北Hebei
		CK	手撒-40 Hand-40	机施-40 Machine-40	CK	手撒-40 Hand-40	机施-40 Machine-40	CK	手撒-40 Hand-40	机施-40 Machine-40	手撒-60 Hand-60	机施-60 Machine-60
镰孢菌 Fusarium	5 cm	1600±120	0	0	100±20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	10 cm	1740±135	0	0	140±35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	20 cm	1440±127	0	0	140±27	80±25 (43%)	0	0	0	0	0	0
	30 cm	600±120	450±20 (25%a)	0	100±20	120±22 (-20%)	0	0	0	0	0	0
	40 cm	500±130	370±14 (26%a)	0	100±30	165±45 (-65%)	0	0	0	0	0	0
疫霉菌 Phytophthora	5 cm	3600±302	0	0	1600±200	0	0	1920±230	0	0	0	0
	10 cm	6520±250	590±310 (91%a)	0	1520±105	0	0	1880±405	0	0	0	0
	20 cm	7920±270	2748±280 (65%b)	145±25 (98%a)	1920±205	500±60 (74%a)	0	1700±106	600±45 (65%a)	133±11 (92%a)	578±22 (66%a)	137±22 (92%a)
	30 cm	1660±350	1660±210 (0%d)	140±35 (92%a)	660±50	600±80 (1%c)	0	1660±115	853±40 (48%b)	138±25 (92%a)	984±35 (41%b)	158±45 (90%a)
	40 cm	1000±330	780±320 (22%c)	0	1000±140	800±50 (20%b)	0	1050±112	670±30 (36%c)	102±12 (90%a)	596±23 (43%b)	28±18 (97%a)

A New Integrated Soil Disinfection Machine Improves the Uniformity of Dazomet in Soil

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