冷热应激对北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.015

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The experiment was conducted to study the effects of cold and heat stress on milk production traits and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein cows, and to evaluate potential blood biochemical parameters to discriminate the temperature stress response, so as to provide theoretical basis for managing and selecting resistant individuals of Holstein cows in Beijing. 【Method】In current study, Holstein cows in Sanyuan dairy farm were selected as experimental animals, Temperature-humidity index (THI) of cowshed was continuously monitored, and their milk production data and blood samples used for the detection of blood biochemical parameters were collected in August 2014 (heat stress, N=178), November 2014 (non-stress, N=120) and January 2015 (cold stress, N=126), respectively. The changes of 7 milk production traits and 14 blood biochemical parameters induced by cold or heat stress were evaluated by MIXED models of SAS9.2 computer program, and Logistic analysis was used to analyze the accuracy of blood biochemical indicators which significantly changed under heat or cold stress in identification of temperature stress.【Result】Our results showed 1) in August 2014, the average temperature stood at 31.80℃ and the average THI reached 81.57 of Sanyuan dairy farm. It also should be noted that there were 21 days with THI greater than 78 for more than 8 hours in this month. These data indicated Chinese Holstein cows in Beijing suffered danger heat stress during August. In whole November 2014, with respect to conditions of average temperature with 12.76℃ and average THI only in 55.43, it displayed that there was no thermal stress in this month. While in January 2015, the mean of temperature was -6.70℃ and the average THI was 25.63, and a total of 21 days temperature difference were beyond 12℃. It showed that Chinese Holstein cows were under a mild cold stress in January; 2) in response to heat stress, the average milk yield of 7 days (AMY) of Chinese Holstein cows dropped by 1.34 kg, and significant decrease was found in FP, PP, F/P, SP (P＜0.01) and LP (P＜0.05), but significant increase in SCS (P=0.01) in milk. And heat stress significantly increased the concentrations of serum GH, LD, PRL and SOD in blood (P＜0.01), but decreased the concentrations of BUN, CRP, LDH, LPO, NE and K⁺ (P＜0.01). Among above 10 blood biochemical parameters changed under heat stress, the AUCs of PRL, GH and CRP based on ROC curve analysis were greater than 0.80 with the value in 0.91, 0.85 and 0.83, respectively; 3) in response to cold stress, the AMY of Chinese Holstein cows declined by 1.13 kg, and the FP and SP significantly decreased (P＜0.01) as well as F/P (P＜0.05), but the SCS significantly increased (P＜0.01) in milk. A significantly higher concentrations of serum COR, CORT and K⁺ in experimental cows appeared in cold stress than non-stress (P＜0.01), but opposite changes for DA, GH, LDH, PRL and SOD (P＜0.01), and ATCH (P＜0.05). Using ROC curve analysis, the AUC of SOD showed greater than 0.8 with value in 0.84. 【Conclusion】These results revealed that Holstein cows in Beijing were undergoing severe temperature stress in August and January, furthermore, heat and cold stress had damaging effects on milk production traits and physiological condition of Holstein cows in Beijing. The PRL and GH might be used as candidates for evaluation of heat stress and SOD for cold stress in early period of Holstein cows.

Key words: Holstein cows, cold and heat stress, milk production traits, blood biochemical parameters

HU LiRong, KANG Ling, WANG ShuHui, LI Wei, YAN XinYi, LUO HanPeng, DONG GangHui, WANG XinYu, WANG YaChun, XU Qing. Effects of Cold and Heat Stress on Milk Production Traits and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Holstein Cows in Beijing Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3791-3799.

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