高效施肥技术研究的现状与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.11.009

Abstract

Abstract: For long time, the purpose of fertilization was to increase crop yield and ensure the demand for food of human, the invention of chemical fertilizer greatly alleviated the contradiction between population growing and food demanding. However, the relationship of fertilizer application and the safety of agricultural products and ecological environment have aroused wide concern. How to find a balance between improving fertilizer benefit and reducing fertilizer application to ensure environmental safety has become an important problem for fertilizer application. For them, the main way is efficient fertilization. This paper expounds the connotation of efficient fertilization, and considers that efficient fertilization needs to be understood from four aspects: efficiency for grain products, efficiency for production, efficiency for resource and efficiency for environment. Efficient fertilization can be defined as, in every link of crop nutrient supply, the use of modern technical means to maximize the efficiency of fertilizer utilization so as to ensure the improvement of crop yield and quality, reduce the waste of resources and protect the ecological environment. This paper introduces in detail several kinds of efficient fertilization techniques which have been widely used in worldwide, such as soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, precision fertilization, fertigation technology, simple and labor saving fertilization. In the field of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, this paper introduces the current application of this technique in the United States and Europe, and also introduces the situation of soil testing fertilizer recommendation in China since the 1970s. In the field of precision fertilization, this paper introduces its theory, core technology, development process and the technical ways to realize it, and analyzes the economic benefits of precision agriculture and its application in worldwide. In the field of fertigation, the advantages, pattern, and research process of fertigation are introduced, and emphatically introduced the surface fertigation technology, drip fertigation technology and micro-spraying fertigation technology. The paper put forward that in the foreseeable future, efficient fertilization will be developing towards to information, automation, intelligence and simplification, in particular, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on efficiency nutrition diagnosis technology, digital nutrient management system and nutrient efficient gene screening, and we also should pay attention to research the integrated management of nutrition chain and the crop nutrition regulation technology.

Key words: efficient fertilization, precision fertilization, fertigation, nutrition chain theory, digital management, ecological environment

BAI YouLu. The Situation and Prospect of Research on Efficient Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(11): 2116-2125.

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