无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿在（1:1）混播中的竞争与共存

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.020

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The relationship between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition simultaneously exists in mixture of legume and grass, the results of the competition led to the phenomenon that one species will be fade, the other will be a dominant gradually due to difference of the competitiveness of different plants. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of competition and coexistence between legume and grass to maintain stable and high yield in mixture grassland. 【Method】A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of variable rates of nitrogen application (0, 75, 150 kg N·hm^-2), hereafter referred as N0, N75, N150, on competition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Layss.) in monoculture, alfalfa and smooth brome in mixture (1:1), with indicators including the relative biomass (RY), relative density (RD), competitive ratio (CR), relative yield total (RYT), percentage of atmospheric N₂ fixation (%Ndfa) and percentage of N transferred (%N Trans), to study the mechanism of competition and coexistence in mixcure of smooth brome and alfalfa. 【Result】 The results showed that with increasing of N application (from 0 to 150 kg·hm^-2), the above-ground and below-ground biomass and tiller number of smooth brome significantly increased (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the above-ground and below-ground biomass and branch number of alfalfa there was no significant in monoculture (P＞0.05). The above-ground and below-ground biomass and tiller number of smooth brome increased, which in a certain extent inhibited biomass and branch number of alfalfa in mixture (P＜0.05). The ability of smooth brome expand above-ground space by means of increase its tiller number was stronger than that of alfalfa in mixture. The above-ground and below-ground biomass and tiller number of individual smooth brome were significantly higher in mixcure than in monoculture regardless of N application (P＜0.05), but that of alfalfa were the opposite (P＜0.05). The competitive ratio of smooth brome in mixture was always greater than 1.0 while the competitive rate of alfalfa was always less than 1.0, which means that the competitiveness of smooth brome was stronger than that of alfalfa, and in the whole growth period, the competitiveness of smooth brome would gradually weak, and the competitiveness of alfalfa increased. At second, third and fourth sampling in the N0 treatment, the relative yield total (RYT) of smooth brome and alfalfa in mixture was significantly greater than 1.0 (P＜0.05), which means that there was no obvious effect of competition between smooth brome and alfalfa, and it was mainly attributed to the biological nitrogen fixation of alfalfa's contribution to smooth brome. RYT of smooth brome and alfalfa in mixture showed no significant differences with 1.0 in N75 and N150 treatments(P＞0.05). In addition, application of N fertilizer significantly inhibited the proportion of N₂ fixation of alfalfa and N transfer from smooth to alfalfa, forcing alfalfa compete for soil N and fertilizer N with smooth brome. 【Conclusion】 Applied N fertilizer at 75 and 150 kg N·hm^-2 enhanced the competitiveness of smooth brome, and inhibited the proportion of biological nitrogen fixation of alfalfa and nitrogen transfer form alfalfa to smooth brome, diminished the promotion effect and enhanced competition effect of the two.

Key words: smooth brome (Bromus inermis Layss.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), monocalture, minture, intraspecific competition, interspecific competition, biological nitrogen fixation

XIE Kai-yun, ZHANG Ying-jun, LI Xiang-lin, HE Feng, WAN Li-qiang, WANG Dong, QIN Yan. Competition and Coexistence of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Layss.) in Mixture[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3767-3778.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.18.020

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2015/V48/I18/3767

References

[1] Buerkert A, Bationo A, Dossa K. Mechanisms of residue mulch-induced cereal growth increases in West Africa. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2000, 64(1): 346-358.

[2] Jensen E S, Peoples M B, Boddey R M, Gresshoff P M, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Alves B J, Morrison M J. Legumes for mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2012, 32(2): 329-364.

[3] Olivares J, Bedmar E J, Sanjuán J. Biological nitrogen fixation in the context of global change. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2013, 26(5): 486-494.

[4] Gökku? A, Koc A, Ser?n Y, Comakli B, Tan M, Kantar F. Hay yield and nitrogen harvest in smooth bromegrass mixtures with alfalfa and red clover in relation to nitrogen application. European Journal of Agronomy, 1999, 10(2): 145-151.

[5] Nyfeler D, Huguenin-Elie O, Suter M, Frossard E, Lüscher A. Grass–legume mixtures can yield more nitrogen than legume pure stands due to mutual stimulation of nitrogen uptake from symbiotic and non-symbiotic sources. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 140(1): 155-163.

[6] Frankow-Lindberg B E, Halling M, Höglind M, Forkman J. Yield and stability of yield of single-and multi-clover grass-clover swards in two contrasting temperate environments. Grass and Forage Science, 2009, 64(3): 236-245.

[7] Nguyen C. Rhizodeposition of organic C by plants: mechanisms and controls. Agronomie, 2003, 23(5-6): 375-396.

[8] Wichern F, Mayer J, Joergensen R G, Müller T. Rhizodeposition of C and N in peas and oats after ¹³C–¹⁵N double labelling under field conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39(10): 2527-2537.

[9] Whitehead D C. Grassland nitrogen. Wallingford: CAB international, 1995.

[10] 谢开云, 赵云, 李向林, 何峰, 万里强, 王丹, 韩冬梅. 豆-禾混播草地种间关系研究进展. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 284-296.

Xie K Y, Zhao Y, Li X L, He F, Wan L Q, Wang D, Han D M. Relationships between grasses and legumes in mixed grassland: a review. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 284-296.(in Chinese)

[11] 郑伟, 朱进忠, 库尔班, 李海. 不同混播方式下豆禾混播草地种间竞争动态研究. 草地学报, 2010, 18(4): 568-575.

Zheng W, Zhu J Z, Kuerban, Li H. Dynamics of interspecific competition of legume-grass mixture under different mixed sowing patterns. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010, 18(4): 568-575. (in Chinese)

[12] 左胜鹏, 王会梅, 李凤民, 邹厚远. 干旱区苜蓿和沙打旺单混播下土壤水分利用格局的驱动力分析.草业学报, 2008, 17(4): 32-41.

Zuo S P, Wang H M, Li F M, Zou H Y. Primary productivity response of Astragalus adsurgens and Medicago sativa to interspecific competition in Weibei arid highland on the Loess Plateau of China. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2008, 17(4): 32-41. (in Chinese)

[13] 张永亮, 王建丽, 胡自治. 杂花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播群落种间竞争及稳定性. 草地学报, 2007, 15(1): 43-49.

Zhang Y L, Wang J L, Hu Z Z. Interspecific Competition and Community Stability of Variegated Alfalfa+Awnless Brome Mixture. Acta agrestia sinica, 2007, 15(1): 43-49. (in Chinese)

[14] 王平, 周道玮, 张宝田. 禾-豆混播草地种间竞争与共存. 生态学报, 2009, 29(5): 2560-2567.

Wang P, Zhou D W, Zhang B T. Coexistence and inter-specific competition in grass-legume mixture. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(5): 2560-2567. (in Chinese)

[15] Norma Fowler. Competition and coexistence in a North Carolina grassland: III. Mixtures of component species. Journal of Ecology, 1982: 77-92.

[16] Williams A C, McCarthy B C. A new index of interspecific competition for replacement and additive designs. Ecological Research, 2001, 16(1): 29-40.

[17] Grace J B. On the measurement of plant competition intensity. Ecology, 1995, 76(1): 305-308.

[18] McNeill A, Hood R, Wood M. Direct measurement of nitrogen fixation by Trifolium repens L. and Alnus glutinosa L. using ¹⁵N₂. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1994, 45: 749-755.

[19] Vallis I, Henzell E, Evans T. Uptake of soil nitrogen by legumes in mixed swards. Crop and Pasture Science, 1977, 28: 413-425.

[20] Høgh-Jensen H, Schjoerring J K. Interactions between white clover and ryegrass under contrasting nitrogen availability: N₂ fixation, N fertilizer recovery, N transfer and water use efficiency. Plant and Soil, 1997, 197(2): 187-199.

[21] Rhykerd C L, Blair B O, Noller C H, Mullen R E, Hertel J M, Vorst J J. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Tiller Population of Cool-Season Grasses. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 2013, 86: 448-452.

[22] Jenkins M B, Bottomley P J. Seasonal response of uninoculated alfalfa to N fertilizer: soil N, nodule turnover, and symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti. Agronomy Journal, 1984, 76(6): 959-963.

[23] 蔡国军, 张仁陟, 柴春山. 半干旱黄土丘陵区施肥对退耕地紫花苜蓿生物量的影响. 草业学报, 2012, 21(5): 204-212.

Cai G J, Zhang R D, Chai C S. Effect of fertilization on biomass of alfalfa in returned farmland in semiarid loess hilly area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(5): 204-212. (in Chinese)

[24] 姜慧新, 刘栋, 翟桂玉, 孟晓静, 于家利, 曹阳, 王兆凤. 氮磷钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(009): 1441-1445.

Jiang H X, Liu D, Zhai G Y, Meng X J, Yu J L, Cao Y, Wang Z F. Effects of fertilizer combinations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the forage yield of Medicago sativa L. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(9): 1441-1445. (in Chinese)

[25] 范富, 徐寿军, 张庆国, 何凤艳, 侯迷红, 宋雪峰. 氮, 磷, 钾肥配施对紫花苜蓿产量及营养物质含量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2011 (2): 51-56.

Fan F, Xu S J, Zhang Q G, He F Y, Hou M H. Effects of the combination application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and nutrition content. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2011, (2): 51-56. (in Chinese)

[26] Fishbeck K A, Phillips D A. Combined nitrogen and vegetative regrowth of symbiotically-grown alfalfa. Agronomy Journal, 1981, 73(6): 975-978.

[27] 郭海明, 于磊, 林祥群. 施肥对绿洲区苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生产性能的影响. 石河子大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 27(1): 46-50.

Guo H M, Yu L, Lin X Q. Effect of Fertilization on growth performance of Alfalfa-Smooth bromegrass mixture sward in oasis. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science), 2009, 27(1): 46-50. (in Chinese)

[28] Keddy P, Gaudet C, Fraser L H. Effects of low and high nutrients on the competitive hierarchy of 26 shoreline plants. Journal of Ecology, 2000, 88(3): 413-423.

[29] Shipley B, Keddy P A. Evaluating the evidence for competitive hierarchies in plant communities. Oikos, 1994, 69(2): 340-345.

[30] Wit C T, Van den Bergh J P. Competition between herbage plants. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1965, 13: 212-221.

[31] Haynes R J. Competitive aspects of the grass-legume association. Advances in Agronomy, 1980, 33: 227-261.

[32] Begon M. Harper., J L, Townsend, C R. Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities. 3rd. London: Blackwell Science Oxford, 1996.

[33] Harper J L. Population Biology of Plants. London: Academic Press, 1977.

[34] 张仁平. 绿洲区苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地种群特征和第一性生产力的研究[D]. 石河子大学, 2004.

Zhang R P. Study on Stocks features and Primary Productivity about mixed-pasture of Alfafal (Medicago Sativa L.)and Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Less.) in oasis[D]. Shihezi University, 2004. (in Chinese)

[35] 陈积山, 朱瑞芬, 高超, 邸桂俐, 张月学. 苜蓿和无芒雀麦混播草地种间竞争研究. 草地学报, 2013, 21(6): 1157-1161.

Chen J S, Zhu R F, Gao C, Di G L, Zhang Y X. Interspecific Competition of Mixed Grassland of Bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(6): 1157-1161. (in Chinese)

[36] Kirwan L, Lüscher A, Sebastia M T, Collins R P. Evenness drives consistent diversity effects in intensive grassland systems across 28 European sites. Journal of Ecology, 2007, 95(3): 530-539.

[37] Bradley J C, Justin P W, Marc W C, Carroll I T, Hector A, Srivastava D S, Loreau M, Weis J J. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2007, 104(46): 18123-18128.

[38] Malézieux E, Crozat Y, Dupraz C, Laurans M, Makowski D, Ozier-Lafontaine H, Rapidel B, de Tourdonnet S, Valantin-Morison M. Mixing plant species in cropping systems: concepts, tools and models: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2009, 29(1): 43-62.

[39] Beschow H, Schulze J, Merbach W. Transfer of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in an alfalfa-grass mixture studied through isotope dilution in a pot experiment. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2000, 36(1): 21-33.

[40] Schipanski M E, Drinkwater L E. Nitrogen fixation in annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures across a fertility gradient. Plant and Soil, 2012, 357(1-2): 147-159.

[41] Høgh-Jensen H, Schjoerring J K. Below-ground nitrogen transfer between different grassland species: Direct quantification by ¹⁵N leaf feeding compared with indirect dilution of soil ¹⁵N. Plant and Soil, 2000, 227(1-2): 171-183.

[42] Robertson G P, Vitousek P M. Nitrogen in agriculture: balancing the cost of an essential resource. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2009, 34: 97-125.

[43] Hector A, Schmid B, Beierkuhnlein C, Caldeira M C, Diemer M, Dimitrakopoulos P G, ... Lawton J H. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science, 1999, 286(5442): 1123-1127.

[44] Hector A, Bazeley-White E, Loreau M, Otway S, Schmid B. Overyielding in grassland communities: testing the sampling effect hypothesis with replicated biodiversity experiments. Ecology Letters, 2002, 5(4): 502-511.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Competition and Coexistence of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Layss.) in Mixture

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 8

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	Qian CAI,ZhanXiang SUN,JiaMing ZHENG,WenBin WANG,Wei BAI,LiangShan FENG,Ning YANG,WuYan XIANG,Zhe ZHANG,Chen FENG. Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation, Yield and Productivity of Maize- Soybean Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5): 909-920.
[2]	LI Qiang, HUANG YingXin, ZHONG RongZhen, SUN HaiXia, ZHOU DaoWei. Influence of Medicago sativa Proportion on Its Individual Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency and Underlying Physiological Mechanism in Legume-Grass Mixture Grassland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2647-2656.
[3]	LIU Peng,TIAN YingZhe,ZHONG YongJia,LIAO Hong. Isolation and Application of Effective Rhizobium Strains in Peanut on Acidic Soils [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3393-3403.
[4]	ZHAO QianXu, SHI Jing, XIA YunSheng, ZHANG NaiMing, NING DongWei, YUE XianRong, YANG HaiHong. Effect of AMF Inoculation on N Uptake of Interspecific Competition Between Maize and Soybean Growing on the Purple Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(14): 2696-2705.
[5]	YI Hao, WANG Kai-ge, ZHANG Lin-ya, LEI Zhong-ren, LUO Hong-wei, LIAN Zhen-min, ZHOU Guo-qi. Density-Dependent Effect of Liriomyza trifolii at Immature Stage and Interspecific Competition with Liriomyza sativae [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(21): 4269-4279.
[6]	WANG Jian-Li, LI Hong-Gang, MA Zhi-Guo, ZHENG Chang-Ying. Interspecific Competition Between Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci on Purple Cabbage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(24): 5006-5012.
[7]	CHEN Qian, GAO Miao, HU Hai-Yan, XU Jing, ZHOU Yi-Qing, SUN Jian-Guang. A Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Paenibacillus sp. GD812 Antagonistic Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16): 3343-3350.
[8]	SUN Jian-guang,ZHANG Yan-chun,XU Jing,HU Hai-yan . Isolation and Biological Characteristic Investigation on Efficient Nitrogen-Fixing Bacilli [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(6): 2043-2051 .