全球口蹄疫防控技术及病原特性研究概观

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.020

Abstract

Abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease of head livestock, e.g. pigs, cattle and sheep, and may cause enormous economic losses and serious negative social problems. It is ranked first in the A list of infectious diseases of animals in China. As a largest country for pigs, cattle, sheep and goats farming and a country with lots of neighboring countries, FMD prevention and control is not only crucial for the development of animal husbandry in China, but also of significance for the global FMD prevention and control. Nowadays, except some developed countries where FMD was eradicated and the FMD-free status has been maintained, prevalence and outbreaks of FMD happen in most of developing countries. China suffers a serious threat from the continued outbreak of FMD in neighboring countries. O/ME-SA/PanAsia, O/SEA/Mya-98 and A/ASIA/Sea-97, FMDV lineages epidemic in China in recent years, were came from neighboring countries. Based on the analyses of the epidemic lineages in surrounding countries, frequency of outbreak and locations of circulation, O/PanAsia-2, A/Iran-05, Asia1/Sindh-08 and O/Ind-2001 are the epidemic lineages threatening China in the future. For decades, veterinary service systems at all levels have been constantly improved in China, the functions (e.g. scientific research, technical guidance, epidemic monitoring) of National FMD Reference Laboratory have been given full exerting and compulsory immunization and prevention-oriented policy have been proven to be highly effective. Based on the progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) recommended by OIE (Office International des Epizootics), the effect of prevention and control in China is in the third stage of PCP-FMD. To promote the effect of FMD prevention and control into a higher level, the keys are the diagnostic testing technology and vaccines. The liquid-phase blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), non-structural protein 3ABC antibody detecting ELISA, multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and other independent research and development products have reached the world advanced level, strongly supporting the FMD diagnostic testing in China and also applied in North Korea, Vietnam and other countries. New generation of sequencing technology, colloidal gold and nanometre tracer tag immune chromatography, biological response effect of molecular detection and other more punctual and more convenient technologies are expected to achieve application in FMD diagnosis in the future. As the most widely used vaccine, FMD inactivated vaccine has the optimal immunization effect, apart from interference to differentiate between FMDV infected and vaccinated animals. Along with the progress of the immunology theory and genetic engineering technology, marker vaccine, live carrier vaccine, protein epitope vaccine, virus-like particles vaccine and other new type vaccines will be developed and applied in the future. In the last ten years, with its powerful technical advantages, such as directional changes in FMDV genome, reverse genetics promoted not only the research and development of marker vaccine and other new type of genetic engineering vaccines, but also FMDV basic research, such as host tropism, replication mechanism, receptor usage and innate immune response, and the basic research will vigorously promote the applied research of FMD prevention and control.

Key words: foot-and-mouth disease, epidemic status, new technologies for disease prevention and control, virus characteristics

LIU Zai-xin. Progress and Prospect of the Technologies to Control Foot-and- Mouth Disease and Its Pathogen Characteristics Worldwide[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3547-3564.

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