不同水氮管理下锌与氮磷肥配合喷施对冬小麦锌营养品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】To alleviate the Zn deficiency problems in human population, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar Zn combined with N or P on grain Zn nutritional quality of wheat under different soil water managements and soil N application rates. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in Guan-zhong Plain with a split-split plot design. The main plot treatments were three soil water management treatments: conventional planting, plastic film mulching (ridge mulching with film and furrow planting with winter wheat), and supplemental irrigation (40 mm irrigation during the over-wintering stage). And the sub-plot treatments were three N application treatments: 0, 120 and 240 kg N·hm^-2. The sub-sub-plot treatments were: CK (distilled water), foliar Zn (0.3% ZnSO₄·7H₂O), foliar Zn+N (0.3% ZnSO₄·7H₂O+1.7% CO(NH₂)₂), foliar Zn+P (0.3% ZnSO₄·7H₂O+0.2% KH₂PO₄). Grain samples were analyzed for Zn, P, and protein concentrations. 【Result】 The obtained results showed that compared to conventional planting, supplemental irrigation significantly increased grain Zn concentration, but film mulching significantly decreased grain Zn concentration in 2011-2012; Grain P/Zn molar ratio was significantly decreased by supplementary irrigation (6.8%) in 2011-2012. Compared to N0 treatment, grain Zn concentration was significantly increased by the N120 and N240 treatments in 2010-2011, with an average of 2.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Besides, N120 and N240 significantly decreased grain P/Zn molar ratio, and the decrement was higher in N240 than in N120, which resulted in a significantly decreased grain P/Zn molar ratio by 33.0% in 2010-2011 and 25.5% in 2011-2012 when compared to the N0 treatment. Furthermore, N fertilizer application resulted in a significant increase in grain protein concentration, but a significant reduction in grain P concentration. Compared with the CK treatment, foliar Zn, foliar Zn+N, and foliar Zn+P treatments significantly increased grain Zn concentrations from 20.6 mg·kg^-1 to 40.3, 39.6 and 33.7 mg·kg^-1, with an average extent of 95.5%, 96.0%, and 63.5%, respectively. These results suggest that combined foliar application of Zn with N or P fertilizers are the efficient agronomic approaches to increase grain Zn concentrations. Meanwhile, the increase in grain Zn concentration in the foliar Zn+N treatment was 5.9 mg·kg^-1 higher than in the foliar Zn+P treatment. Foliar Zn, foliar Zn+N, and foliar Zn+P significantly reduced P/Zn molar ratio by an average of 48.0%, 47.5% and 38.5%, respectively. Foliar Zn application significantly decreased P/Zn molar ratio by 66.7% in 240 kg N·hm^-2 and supplemental irrigation treatment. Grain protein concentration was significantly enhanced by foliar Zn+N treatment, with an average of 5.4% in 2010-2011 and 11.2% in 2011-2012. The foliar fertilizer application induced grain Zn accumulation was maximized by N fertilizer application and supplemental irrigation. When compared to the control treatment (foliar spraying distilled water, 0 kg N·hm^-2, and conventional planting), the foliar Zn+N with 120 kg N·hm^-2 and supplemental irrigation treatment caused the highest increase in grain Zn concentration (110.1%), and the largest decrease in grain P/Zn molar ratio (64.5%). 【Conclusion】Optimal water management practice (supplemental irrigation) and N fertilizer application promoted grain Zn accumulation and increased grain Zn bioavailability in the potentially Zn deficient soils, but there was highly significant increase in grain Zn concentration and bioavailability in the foliar Zn combined with N or P application treatments. And the increase in grain Zn nutritional quality was higher when foliar Zn combined with N than foliar Zn combined with P. Based on the economic benefit and Zn nutritional quality, timely irrigation, moderate N application and foliar Zn combined with N will be an effective method to improve grain Zn nutritional quality of wheat grain, which has a bright promoting prospect in the regions with potentially Zn-deficient or Zn deficient soils.

Key words: wheat grain, foliar application, nitrogen application rates, Zn concentration, P/Zn molar ratio

LI Hong-yun, WANG Shao-xia, LI Meng, TIAN Xiao-hong, ZHAO Ai-qing, GUO Chun-hui. Effects of Combined Foliar Zn Application with N or P Under Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Zn Nutritional Quality of Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 4016-4026.

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Effects of Combined Foliar Zn Application with N or P Under Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Zn Nutritional Quality of Winter Wheat

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