基于GreenFeed系统研究绿原酸对泌乳中后期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放、发酵参数和生产性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.014

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (14): 2904-2913.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.014

基于GreenFeed系统研究绿原酸对泌乳中后期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放、发酵参数和生产性能的影响

李晓鹏¹^,²(), 刘云龙¹, 崔甲军¹^,³, 屠焰¹^,^*(), 蒋林树²^,^*(), 成述儒³

¹ 农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室/中国农业科学院饲料研究所，北京 100081
² 奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室/北京农学院动物科学技术学院，北京 102206
³ 甘肃农业大学动物科技学院，兰州 730000

收稿日期:2024-12-24 接受日期:2025-06-19 出版日期:2025-07-17 发布日期:2025-07-17
通信作者:
屠焰，E-mail：tuyan@caas.cn。
蒋林树，E-mail：jls@bua.edu.cn。
联系方式: 李晓鹏，E-mail：lxpydhyq@126.com。
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC05)

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Rumen Methane Emission, Fermentation Parameters and Performance of Late Lactating Cows Based on the GreenFeed System

LI XiaoPeng¹^,²(), LIU YunLong¹, CUI JiaJun¹^,³, TU Yan¹^,^*(), JIANG LinShu²^,^*(), CHENG ShuRu³

¹ Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition/College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing 102206
³ College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000

Received:2024-12-24 Accepted:2025-06-19 Published:2025-07-17 Online:2025-07-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】反刍动物的CH₄排放在畜牧业温室气体排放中占据很大部分，采取一些适宜的措施减少当前生产中的CH₄排放对畜牧业低碳发展具有重要意义。通过GreenFeed系统实测泌乳中后期奶牛甲烷（CH₄）排放量，探究绿原酸对泌乳牛瘤胃CH₄排放、发酵参数和生产性能的影响，为绿原酸作为反刍动物CH₄排放控制的添加剂应用于生产实践提供理论依据。【方法】采用单因素完全随机试验设计，选取30头泌乳期（泌乳天数为（（170.07±57.81）d）的荷斯坦奶牛，将其分为两组，每组15个重复，每个重复为一头奶牛。其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮，处理组在基础饲粮的基础上添加20 g/（d·头）绿原酸。试验期为10周，其中预试期2周，正试期8周。试验期内采用GreenFeed系统检测泌乳牛的CH₄排放量，在试验最后1周采集瘤胃液、血样、奶样和粪样用于后续指标检测，并通过试验期甲烷排放量的平均值和产奶指标计算甲烷排放强度。【结果】与对照组相比，（1）绿原酸降低了泌乳牛的CH₄日排放量和单位产奶量的CH₄排放强度（P<0.05）；对产奶量、4%乳脂校正乳（4%FCM）和能量校正乳（ECM）没有显著影响（P>0.05），对乳脂率、乳糖率、乳尿素氮（MUN）、体细胞数（SCC）和乳中固形物也没有显著影响（P>0.05），提高了乳蛋白的比例（P<0.05），降低了乳尿素氮（MUN）的含量（P<0.01）；（2）绿原酸对泌乳牛瘤胃pH、氨态氮（NH₃-N）和总挥发酸（TVFA）浓度没有显著影响（P>0.05），但提高了丙酸比例（P<0.05），降低了丁酸比例（P<0.01）和乙酸/丙酸比值（P<0.05）；（3）绿原酸显著降低了泌乳牛血清中总胆固醇（TC）和尿素氮（BUN）的含量（P<0.01），增加了血清中总蛋白（TP，P<0.01）、白蛋白（ALB，P<0.05）和球蛋白的含量（GLB，P<0.01）；（4）绿原酸对泌乳牛营养物质表观消化率没有显著影响（P>0.05）。【结论】在泌乳牛饲粮中添加绿原酸可以通过调节瘤胃发酵模式降低CH₄排放，还可能通过调节蛋白质代谢、脂质代谢及免疫功能改善其生产性能。

关键词: 绿原酸, 甲烷, 泌乳牛, 生产性能, GreenFeed系统

Abstract:

【Objective】Methane (CH₄) emission from ruminants constitutes a significant portion of greenhouse gas emission from the livestock industry. Reducing CH₄ emissions is essential for achieving low-carbon development in livestock production. This experiment aimed to measure CH₄ emissions from late lactating cows using the GreenFeed system, and to evaluate the effects of chlorogenic acid supplementation on rumen CH₄ emissions, fermentation parameters, and production performance of lactating cows, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of chlorogenic acid as a feed additive for CH₄ emission mitigation in practical production settings. 【Method】A one-way completely randomized experimental design was used to select 30 lactating Holstein cows ((170.07 ± 57.81) days in lactation). The cows were divided into two groups, each with 15 replicates (one cow per replicate). The control group received a basal diet, while the treatment group was supplemented with 20 g of chlorogenic acid per cow per day in addition to the basal diet. The experiment lasted 10 weeks, including a 2-week pre-trial period and an 8-week main trial period. CH₄ emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system during the test period. Samples of rumen fluid, blood, milk, and feces were collected during the final week for subsequent analysis, and CH₄ emission intensity was calculated based on the average CH₄ emissions and milk production during trial period. 【Result】Compared with the control group, (1) Chlorogenic acid supplementation significantly reduced daily CH₄ emissions and CH₄ emission intensity relative to milk production (P<0.05).Chlorogenic acid had no significant effects on milk yield, 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), milk fat percentage, lactose percentage, somatic cell count (SCC), or milk solids (P>0.05). However, it increased milk protein content (P<0.05) and decreased milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels (P<0.01).(2) Chlorogenic acid did not significantly affect rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), or total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations (P>0.05). However, it increased the proportion of propionic acid (P<0.05), decreased the proportion of butyric acid (P<0.01), and lowered the acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio (P<0.05).(3) Chlorogenic acid significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (P<0.01), while it increased serum total protein (TP, P<0.01), albumin (ALB, P<0.05), and globulin (GLB, P<0.01). (4) Chlorogenic acid had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of nutrients (P>0.05).【Conclusion】Supplementing lactating dairy cows’ diets with chlorogenic acid could reduce CH₄ emissions by modulating rumen fermentation patterns. Additionally, it improved production performance by influencing protein metabolism, lipid metabolism, and immune function.

Key words: chlorogenic acid, methane, lactating cows, production performance, GreenFeed system

李晓鹏, 刘云龙, 崔甲军, 屠焰, 蒋林树, 成述儒. 基于GreenFeed系统研究绿原酸对泌乳中后期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放、发酵参数和生产性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(14): 2904-2913.

LI XiaoPeng, LIU YunLong, CUI JiaJun, TU Yan, JIANG LinShu, CHENG ShuRu. Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Rumen Methane Emission, Fermentation Parameters and Performance of Late Lactating Cows Based on the GreenFeed System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2904-2913.

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项目 Item	组别 Group		P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	P
胎次 Parity	1.42±0.28	1.57+0.76	0.643
泌乳天数 Lactation days (d)	169.50±12.80	170.64±18.22	0.959
产奶量Milk yield (kg·d^-1)	39.51±1.90	40.23±1.64	0.779

项目 Item	含量 Content
原料 Ingredient
全株玉米青贮 Whole corn silage	29.01
玉米压片 Corn grain flaked	8.96
苜蓿 Alfalfa hay	8.56
棉籽 Cottonseed	5.14
燕麦草 Oat hay	1.86
全脂膨化大豆 Whole puffed soybean	1.74
甜菜浆 Beet pulp	1.69
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acid	1.10
玉米胚芽粉 Corn germ meal	1.04
玉米酒糟 DDGS¹⁾	0.99
过瘤胃脂肪酸 Undegradable fatty acids	0.54
精料补充料 Concentrate supplement	25.51
颗粒料 Pellet	13.84
营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾
代谢能 ME (MJ·kg^-1)	10.88
泌乳净能 NE_L (MJ·kg^-1)	6.99
粗蛋白 CP	15.10
粗脂肪 EE	7.23
淀粉 Starch	27.80
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	34.19
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	19.04
钙 Ca	1.04
磷 P	0.43

项目 Item	组别 Group		SEM	P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	SEM	处理 Treatment	时间 Time	处理×时间 Treatment×Time
CH₄排放量 CH₄ emission (g·d^-1)	426.01	401.60	10.079	<0.001	<0.001	0.005
CH₄/产奶量 CH₄/milk yield (g·kg^-1)	12.31	11.35	0.345	<0.001	0.207	0.701
CH₄/FCM (g·kg^-1)	12.72	11.87	0.359	<0.001	0.152	0.626
CH₄/ECM (g·kg^-1)	12.19	11.31	0.343	<0.001	0.148	0.632
产奶量 Milk yield (kg)	36.92	37.11	1.094	0.702	0.024	0.764

项目 Item	组别 Group		SED	P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	SED	P
4%乳脂校正乳4%FCM (kg·d^-1)	34.84	34.26	2.004	0.773
能量校正乳 ECM (kg·d^-1)	36.16	36.18	2.076	0.992
乳脂率 Milk fat percentage (%)	3.88	3.64	0.159	0.147
乳蛋白率 Milk protein percentage (%)	3.30	3.44	0.062	0.043
乳糖率 Lactose percentage (%)	5.40	5.37	0.033	0.446
尿素氮 MUN (mg·dL^-1)	11.69	10.48	0.422	0.008
体细胞数SCC,×10³cells (mL)	75.20	68.60	24.001	0.785
乳固形物 Milk solid (%)	11.69	10.48	0.189	0.506
乳脂产量 Milk fat yield (kg·d^-1)	1.38	1.32	0.089	0.505
乳蛋白产量 Milk protein (kg·d^-1)	1.17	1.25	0.071	0.305
乳糖产量 Lactose yield (kg·d^-1)	1.91	1.95	0.107	0.744

项目 Item	组别 Group		SED	P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	SED	P
pH	6.26	6.25	0.032	0.869
NH₃-N (mg·dL^-1)	12.10	13.52	0.585	0.237
总挥发酸 Total VFA (mmol·L^-1)	142.35	139.21	4.662	0.749
乙酸Acetate (%)	58.17	57.12	0.590	0.392
丙酸Propionate (%)	21.32	25.09	0.874	0.025
异丁酸Isobutyrate (%)	0.96	1.04	0.035	0.289
丁酸Butyrate (%)	16.22	13.18	0.517	0.001
异戊酸Isovalerate (%)	1.31	1.48	0.053	0.115
戊酸Valertate (%)	2.01	2.09	0.059	0.534
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate	2.74	2.34	0.100	0.040
乙酸+丁酸/丙酸 (Acetate+Butyrate)/Propionate	3.50	2.88	0.225	0.006

基于GreenFeed系统研究绿原酸对泌乳中后期奶牛瘤胃甲烷排放、发酵参数和生产性能的影响

Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Rumen Methane Emission, Fermentation Parameters and Performance of Late Lactating Cows Based on the GreenFeed System

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项目 Item	组别 Group		SED	P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	SED	P
总胆固醇 TC (mmol·L^-1)	7.86	6.28	0.493	0.006
甘油三酯 TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.17	0.16	0.009	0.150
高密度脂蛋白 HDL (mmol·L^-1)	3.48	3.46	0.134	0.882
低密度脂蛋白 LDL (mmol·L^-1)	2.35	2.09	0.225	0.260
游离脂肪酸 NEFA (μmol·L^-1)	0.10	0.13	0.018	0.105
血尿素氮 BUN (mmol·L^-1)	6.10	5.07	0.269	0.002
总蛋白 TP (g·L^-1)	73.09	82.73	1.742	<0.001
白蛋白 ALB (g·L^-1)	33.25	34.42	0.492	0.033
球蛋白 GLB (g·L^-1)	39.84	48.30	1.914	0.001
葡萄糖 GLU (mmol·L^-1)	3.34	3.36	0.103	0.794
β-羟基丁酸BHBA (mmol·L^-1)	0.78	0.79	0.061	0.829

项目 Item	组别 Group		SED	P
项目 Item	CON	CGA	SED	P
干物质 DM	65.59	67.39	2.249	0.448
粗脂肪 EE	88.09	90.50	1.769	0.179
粗蛋白 CP	65.22	66.56	2.791	0.705
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	40.68	42.02	3.991	0.291
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	39.47	39.98	3.927	0.222