中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (14): 2484-2499.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.14.008
收稿日期:
2019-01-11
接受日期:
2019-02-25
出版日期:
2019-07-16
发布日期:
2019-07-26
通讯作者:
陈松
作者简介:
刘少文,E-mail: 990155952@qq.com。
基金资助:
LIU ShaoWen,YIN Min,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu,CHEN Song()
Received:
2019-01-11
Accepted:
2019-02-25
Online:
2019-07-16
Published:
2019-07-26
Contact:
Song CHEN
摘要:
【目的】明确长江中下游稻区不同水旱轮作模式与氮肥水平对稻田CH4排放的影响。【方法】以2003年至今的4种水(水稻)旱轮作长期定位试验为基础(分别为水稻-休闲(RF),水稻-紫云英(RC-G),水稻-小麦(RW)和水稻-稻草覆盖种植马铃薯(RP)),并设置3个氮肥水平,分别为N0(0)、N1(142.5 kg N·hm -2)和N2(202.5 kg N·hm -2)。于2016—2017利用静态箱-气象色谱法,在田间采集并测定水稻生长季CH4排放。 【结果】(1)轮作模式与氮肥互作对稻田CH4排放的影响主要集中在移栽后7—30 d内,其CH4累积排放量约为整个生育期的51.9%—72.3%。(2)轮作模式与氮肥水平对稻田CH4排放存在显著的互作效应;N0水平下,冬季作物栽培(包括RP、RW和RC-G)显著提高稻季CH4累积排放量,与RF相比分别增加74.1%—145.1%、68.5%—109.9%和56.4%—108.6%。(3)增施氮肥(N1和N2)后,CH4排放对轮作模式的响应出现分化。其中,RF、RP和RW模式下稻季CH4排放量随氮肥施用量的增加而逐渐增加;N2水平下,RP、RW和RF的CH4累积排放量分别为51.2—55.8、45.3-51.5和25.0—30.5 g·m -2,分别比N0水平提高23.0%—38.4%、26.7%—33.7%和35.3%—43.5%;而与N1相比,则提高9.9%—19.7%、20.8%—23.1%和17.4%—18.8%。而RC-G模式下则表现为增施氮肥一定程度上降低了稻季CH4排放;与N0相比,N1和N2下稻季CH4累积排放量分别降低20.7%—42.4%和10.6%—16.6%。(4)进一步解析与土壤CH4排放相关微生物菌群产甲烷菌(mcrA)和甲烷氧化菌(pmoA)丰度变化,发现N0水平下秸秆及绿肥全量还田能够显著增加产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌丰度;相关微生物对氮肥的响应机制因轮作模式而有所差异,增施氮肥促进产甲烷菌的增殖,却抑制了甲烷氧化菌的生长,但其变化幅度因轮作处理而有所不同。随着氮肥增施,RP、RW和RF的mcrA丰度增加191.4%、160.6%和143.3%,而RC-G则仅有62.6%。(5)另外,随着氮肥施用量的增加,RF、RP和RW模式下mcrA/pmoA比值增加,其增加比例分别为71.4%—141.1%、197.1%—258.2%和84.6%—165.5%,而RC-G则相反,下降26.8%—42.3%。其变化规律与CH4排放基本一致。 【结论】稻田系统中秸秆还田C/N的相对含量可能是干扰氮肥水平对稻田CH4排放作用的关键,当系统中碳冗余时,相关微生物活性受到土壤中有效氮制约,投入无机氮可以减轻氮的限制作用从而显著提高CH4排放;而碳不足时,继续投入无机氮,相关微生物繁殖由于受到土壤中有限碳源的限制其活性也会受到抑制,CH4排放相对减少。
刘少文,殷敏,褚光,徐春梅,王丹英,章秀福,陈松. 长江中下游稻区不同水旱轮作模式和氮肥水平 对稻田CH4排放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(14): 2484-2499.
LIU ShaoWen,YIN Min,CHU Guang,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu,CHEN Song. Effects of Various Paddy-Upland Crop Rotations and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on CH4 Emission in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(14): 2484-2499.
表1
不同轮作及氮肥水平下土壤基本性质(两年平均)"
轮作 Rotation | 肥料 Fertilizer | TN (g·kg-1) | AN (g·kg-1) | SOM (g·kg-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RF | N0 | 2.52g | 0.14fc | 31.2e | 6.18ab |
N1 | 3.27cd | 0.17e | 39. 7bcd | 5.87bc | |
N2 | 2.91ef | 0.18cd | 39.8cd | 5.76c | |
RC-G | N0 | 2.77f | 0.19cd | 37.8d | 6.27a |
N1 | 2.87ef | 0.19cd | 38.1cd | 6.12abc | |
N2 | 3.48abc | 0.19bc | 41.9b | 5.84bc | |
RW | N0 | 3.10de | 0.17de | 39.7bcd | 5.89bc |
N1 | 3.29bcd | 0.20bc | 40.8bc | 5.80c | |
N2 | 3.24cd | 0.19cd | 38.3bcd | 5.78c | |
RP | N0 | 3.40abc | 0.21b | 45.0a | 5.83bc |
N1 | 3.52ab | 0.25a | 46.1a | 5.86bc | |
N2 | 3.58a | 0.19bc | 46.4a | 5.84bc |
表2
光实时定量PCR扩增引物及反应条件"
目的基因 Target gene | 引物 Primer | 引物序列(5′→3′) Sequence (5′→3′) | 定量PCR反应程序 Thermal profile |
---|---|---|---|
mcrA[ | MLf | GGTGGTGTMGGATTCACACARTAYGCWACAGC | 94℃预变性3 min,94℃变性25 s,50℃退火45 s,72℃延伸60 s,35个循环 Pre-denaturation at 94℃ for 3 min, denaturation at 94℃ for 25 s, annealing at 50℃ for 45 s, extension at 72°C for 60 s, 35 cycles |
MLr | TTCATTGCRTAGTTWGGRTAGTT | ||
pmoA[ | PmoA A189f | GGNGACTGGGACTTCTGG | 95℃预变性5 min,92℃变性1 min,55℃退火1.5 min,72℃延伸60 s,35个循环 Pre-denaturation at 95℃ for 5 min, denaturation at 92℃ for 1 min, annealing at 55℃ for 1.5 min, extension at 72℃ for 60 s, 35 cycles |
pmoA mb661r | CCGGMGCAACGTCYTTACC |
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