LED补光对日光温室基质栽培草莓生产及叶片生理特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确LED光环境调控对基质栽培草莓生产及叶片生理特性的影响，构建日光温室草莓种植光环境调控策略，为我国冬春季弱光逆境条件下草莓种植提质增效提供理论依据及技术支撑。【方法】以我国主栽草莓品种‘红颜’为材料，在日光温室进行基质高架栽培，于花芽分化初期进行LED补光试验（补光灯距冠层顶部约15 cm）。设置不同光强试验（光合光子通量密度（PPFD）分别为254、367和492 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，对应功率分别为80、120和160 W）、不同光质试验（红蓝9/1、红蓝1/1和白光，PPFD为360—390 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，功率为120 W）和不同补光时长与控制策略试验（动态补光10 h和连续补光5 h，均采用120 W白光LED，PPFD为367 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，动态补光10 h的补光灯开关策略同光强与光质试验，连续补光5 h处理为在8:00—13:00时间段补光灯连续开启），对照为不补光处理。试验期间测定草莓产量、叶片和果实生理生化指标及光合参数等，并对各处理电能利用效率进行分析。【结果】与对照相比，所有补光处理均提升了草莓产量，且采收期提前约10 d。在光强试验中，160 W处理产量提升41.9%，略高于80 W和120 W处理，但各处理间差异不显著；光质试验中，红蓝9/1处理增产55.9%，红蓝1/1增产44.1%，白光增产33.1%；补光时长与控制策略试验中，动态补光10 h产量比连续补光5 h处理高16.0%。上述补光引起的产量增加主要归因于单株果实数量增加。补光处理降低果实含水率、增加叶片厚度，但对叶片生理生化指标影响不显著。在光合作用方面，在上、下午自然光强较低时补光处理均可显著提升气孔导度，利于植物光合作用；而光强试验中160 W处理的叶片最大光合能力显著低于120 W处理，且气孔导度也低于对照。在电能利用效率方面，120 W红蓝9/1最高，160 W白光最低；动态补光策略处理下的电能利用效率是连续补光策略的2.6倍。【结论】冬春季弱光逆境条件下人工补光能够显著提升草莓产量、提前采收时间；适宜的补光强度对产量形成至关重要，补充高比例红光增产效果最佳，动态补光策略可显著提升电能利用效率。

关键词: LED补光, 草莓, 产量, 光合作用, 日光温室

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this research is to clarify the effects of LED supplementary lighting on production and leaf physiological characteristics of substrate-cultivated strawberry, and develop a light control strategy for strawberry cultivation in Chinese solar greenhouses, which will provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving the quality and efficiency of strawberry cultivation in winter and spring seasons in China when solar radiation is low.【Method】Strawberry cultivar ‘HongYan’ was grown in a Chinese solar greenhouse with substrate cultivation, and LED supplementary lighting was provided during the early stage of flower bud differentiation (lamps were installed approximately 15 cm above the canopy). The experiments were set up with different light intensity experiments (photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 254, 367, and 492 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, corresponding to the power of 80, 120 and 160 W, respectively), the different light quality experiments (red/blue 9/1, red/blue 1/1, and white light, PPFD of 360-390 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, with the same power of 120 W), and the different supplementary lighting duration and control strategy experiments (i.e. dynamic supplementary lighting for 10 h and continuous supplementary lighting for 5 h, referred to as DL10 and CL5 hereafter, respectively, both using 120 W white LED, PPFD of 367 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, lamp on/off strategy of DL10 treatment was the same as the light intensity and quality experiments, lamp of CL5 treatment was continuously turned on during the time period of 8: 00-13: 00), and the control was no supplementary lighting treatment. During the experiment, strawberry production, physiological and biochemical index of leaves and fruits, as well as the leaf photosynthetic parameters were measured, and the power usage efficiency was also analyzed.【Result】Compared with the control, all supplementary lighting treatments increased strawberry yield and accelerated harvest time by ~10 d. In the light intensity experiment, the yield of 160 W treatment increased by 41.9%, which was slightly but not significantly higher than that of 80 W and 120 W treatments. In the light quality experiment, the yield of red/blue 9/1, red/blue 1/1 and white light treatments increased by 55.9%, 44.1%, and 33.1%, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, the yield of DL10 treatment increased by 16% compared to CL5 treatment. Supplementary lighting increased yield due to the higher number of fruits per plant. Supplementary lighting reduced fruit water content and increased leaf thickness, but had no significant effect on leaf physiological and biochemical parameters. Supplementary lighting in the morning and afternoon significantly improved stomatal conductance, which was beneficial for photosynthesis. However, in the light intensity experiment, the maximum photosynthetic capacity of the leaves treated with 160 W was significantly lower than that of 120 W treatment, and the stomatal conductance was also lower than that of the control. Regarding the power usage efficiency, red/blue 9/1 (120 W) treatment was the highest, while the 160 W white light was the lowest among all treatments. The power usage efficiency of DL10 treatment was 2.6 times that of CL5 treatment.【Conclusion】Supplementary lighting can significantly improve strawberry production and accelerate harvest time in winter and spring seasons when solar light is limited, appropriate supplementary light intensity is crucial for yield formation, and supplementing with a high fraction of red light has the best effect on strawberry production, dynamic supplementary light control strategy can significantly improve the power usage efficiency.

Key words: LED supplementary lighting, strawberry, yield, photosynthesis, Chinese solar greenhouse

张涵, 张玉琪, 黎景来, 徐虹, 李维环, 李涛. LED补光对日光温室基质栽培草莓生产及叶片生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(5): 975-990.

ZHANG Han, ZHANG YuQi, LI JingLai, XU Hong, LI WeiHuan, LI Tao. Effects of LED Supplementary Lighting on Production and Leaf Physiological Properties of Substrate-Cultivated Strawberry in Chinese Solar Greenhouse[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 975-990.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.012

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I5/975

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试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	LED功率 LED power (W)	光合光子通量密度 Photosynthetic photon flux density (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	补光灯控制策略 LED lighting control strategy
光强 Light intensity	白光80 W White light 80 W	80	254	8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策* Lamps switch controlled automatically by sensor
	白光120 W White light 120 W	120	367
	白光160 W White light 160 W	160	492
光质 Light quality	红蓝9/1 Red/blue 9/1	120	390	8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策Lamps switched controlled automatically by sensor
	红蓝1/1 Red/blue 9/1		396
	白光White light		367
补光时长 Supplementary lighting duration	连续补光5 h Continuous supplementary lighting for 5 h	120	367	8：00—13：00补光灯连续开启** Lamps remained continuously on
补光时长 Supplementary lighting duration	动态补光10 h Dynamic lighting for 10 h	120	367	8：00—18：00补光灯开关由传感器自动决策Lamps switched controlled automatically by sensor

试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	平均单株果数 Average fruit number per plant	平均单果重 Average single fruit weight (g)
光强 Light intensity	CK	4.8±0.3c	27.1±0.7a
	80 W	7.1±0.1b	25.6±0.2ab
	120 W	7.3±0.2b	25.2±0.3ab
	160 W	7.7±0.1a	24.4±0.3b
光质 Light quality	CK	4.8±0.3c	27.1±0.7a
	RB 9/1	8.2±0.2a	25.7±0.4a
	RB 1/1	7.6±0.1ab	25.6±0.1a
	W	7.3±0.2b	25.2±0.3a
补光时长 Supplementary lighting duration	CK	4.8±0.3b	27.1±0.7a
	CL5	5.8±0.4b	26.9±0.4a
	DL10	7.3±0.2a	25.2±0.3a

试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	比叶面积 Specific leaf area (cm²·g^-1)	叶绿素指数 Chlorophyll index	氮素含量 Total nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)
光强 Light intensity	CK	131.6±6.0a	1.09±0.04b	32.2±0.4a
	80 W	111.6±1.8b	1.10±0.03b	31.1±1.8a
	120 W	109.3±4.1b	1.13±0.03b	29.2±0.4a
	160 W	109.1±4.0b	1.24±0.01a	28.7±1.2a
光质 Light quality	CK	131.6±6.0a	1.09±0.04ab	32.2±0.4a
	R/B 9/1	115.4±3.3b	1.19±0.03a	29.5±0.4c
	R/B 1/1	114.3±2.8b	1.07±0.04b	31.9±0.4ab
	W	109.3±4.1b	1.13±0.03ab	29.2±0.4c
补光时长 Supplementary lighting duration	CK	131.6±6.0a	1.09±0.04a	32.2±0.4a
	CL5	133.8±4.4a	1.13±0.03a	30.8±0.9ab
	DL10	109.3±4.1b	1.13±0.03a	29.2±0.4b

试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	果实含水率 Fruit water content (%)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content (mg·g^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio (%)	可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content (mg·g^-1)
光强 Light intensity	CK	89.6±1.3a	48.0±1.0b	5.1±0.2b	9.6±0.3a	382.0±16.2b
	80 W	87.8±0.5b	56.8±3.0a	7.7±0.1a	7.7±0.5b	463.1±12.2a
	120 W	87.4±0.8b	54.2±2.9ab	5.7±0.3b	9.8±0.1a	426.6±23.1ab
	160 W	88.2±0.8b	51.6±1.8ab	5.4±0.1b	9.8±0.3a	469.9±14.2a
光质 Light quality	CK	89.6±1.3a	48.0±1.0b	5.1±0.2b	9.6±0.3b	382.0±16.2a
	R/B 9/1	88.3±0.5b	55.5±2.9b	6.7±0.2ab	8.7±0.5b	391.6±11.8a
	R/B 1/1	88.2±0.8b	111.0±6.0a	7.4±0.2a	15.6±0.9a	384.7±8.2a
	W	87.4±0.8b	54.2±2.9b	5.7±0.3b	9.8±0.1b	426.6±23.1a
补光时长 Supplementary lighting duration	CK	89.6±1.3a	48.0±1.0a	5.1±0.2b	9.6±0.3a	382.0±16.2a
	CL5	89.0±0.6a	48.9±1.4a	6.4±0.2a	7.9±0.5b	424.2±9.5a
	DL10	87.4±0.8b	54.2±2.9a	5.7±0.3ab	9.8±0.1a	426.6±23.1a