我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫的含量、分布及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.011

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 956-974.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫的含量、分布及影响因素

佘文婷¹(), 孙蕊卿¹, 党海燕¹, 李文虎¹, 张丰¹, 田怡¹, 徐隽峰¹, 丁玉兰¹, 王朝辉¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2024-04-30 接受日期:2024-06-17 出版日期:2025-03-07 发布日期:2025-03-07
通信作者:
王朝辉，E-mail：w-zhaohui@263.net
联系方式: 佘文婷，E-mail：shewentinghygge@163.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3); 国家重点研发计划(2021YED1900700); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200400)

Sulfur Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain Sampled from Farmers’ Fields in Main Wheat Production Regions of China and Its Affecting Factors

SHE WenTing¹(), SUN RuiQing¹, DANG HaiYan¹, LI WenHu¹, ZHANG Feng¹, TIAN Yi¹, XU JunFeng¹, DING YuLan¹, WANG ZhaoHui¹^,²()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro- Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2024-04-30 Accepted:2024-06-17 Published:2025-03-07 Online:2025-03-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫含量，探究硫在小麦面粉和麸皮中的分布及影响因素，为因地制宜调控我国主要麦区小麦硫营养，优化硫养分管理提供依据。【方法】于2021—2023年两个小麦生长季，对我国18个小麦主产省（市、区）典型农户进行调研，采集小麦植株和土壤样品445份，分析小麦籽粒、面粉和麸皮的硫含量，及其与产量、生物量、收获指数、产量构成三要素、地上部硫积累分配、土壤理化性质和施肥量的关系。【结果】我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫含量1.00—2.31 g·kg^-1，平均为1.59 g·kg^-1；面粉和麸皮硫含量分别为0.55—2.05和0.54—4.26 g·kg^-1，平均为1.33和2.03 g·kg^-1，约1/2的样本处于低硫水平。麦玉区和旱作区小麦籽粒和面粉的硫含量高于春麦区和稻麦区；麸皮硫含量高于面粉，两者均随籽粒硫含量的提高而增加。小麦产量和千粒重提高，有利于籽粒硫含量提升。小麦产量每增加1.0 t·hm^-2，籽粒硫含量提高0.01 g·kg^-1；千粒重每增加1.0 g，籽粒硫含量提高0.003 g·kg^-1。籽粒和面粉硫含量与地上部各器官硫积累量正相关。随着籽粒硫含量的增加，籽粒中的硫向面粉分配的能力下降，向麸皮分配的能力明显提高，但旱作区籽粒硫积累量增加慢于产量，导致小麦产量提高而籽粒硫含量反而降低。土壤pH、硝态氮和磷肥对籽粒硫含量影响显著，三者每增加1个单位，籽粒硫含量分别提高0.02、0.0004和0.0004 g·kg^-1。影响面粉硫含量的土壤因子主要是pH、铵态氮和有效铁，pH每增加1个单位，面粉硫含量提高0.04 g·kg^-1，但土壤铵态氮和有效铁含量每增加1.0 mg·kg^-1，面粉硫含量分别减少0.0003和0.0005 g·kg^-1。【结论】我国主要麦区小麦籽粒硫含量有较大提升空间。在保证高产的同时，优化产量三要素，调节土壤pH，协调硝铵态氮、有效铁供应，合理施用氮磷肥，增施硫肥，提高土壤硫有效性，协调作物硫吸收与产量形成，是调控籽粒硫含量及其在面粉和麸皮的分配，优化小麦籽粒硫营养的重要途径。

关键词: 小麦, 籽粒, 面粉, 麸皮, 硫, 土壤pH, 铵态氮, 硝态氮, 农户麦田

Abstract:

【Objective】It was of great significance to clarify the grain sulfur (S) concentration, its distribution in flour and bran, and relevant affecting agronomy, nutrition, soil physicochemical and fertilization factors for regulating grain S nutrition, and optimizing S management regionally over major wheat production regions of China.【Method】During the two wheat growing seasons from 2021 to 2023, 445 wheat plants and soil samples were collected from typical farmers’ fields in 18 major wheat production provinces (municipalities or districts) in China, to analyze the relationship of grain, flour and bran S concentrations with yield, biomass, harvest index and yield components, S accumulation and distribution in shoot, as well as soil physicochemical properties and fertilization.【Result】Grain S concentrations of farmers in main wheat production regions of China ranged from 1.00 to 2.31 g·kg^-1, with an average of 1.59 g·kg^-1. The flour and bran S concentration were 0.55-2.05 and 0.54-4.26 g·kg^-1, respectively, with an average of 1.33 and 2.03 g·kg^-1, respectively. About half of the samples were at low grain S concentration level. Sulfur concentration in wheat grain and flour from wheat-maize and dryland wheat production regions were higher than that from spring wheat and rice-wheat production regions. The bran S concentration was higher than that of flour, both increased with the grain S concentration. The increase of wheat yield and thousand kernel weight was beneficial to the improvement of grain S concentration. For each 1.0 t·hm^-2 increase of yield, the grain S concentration increased by 0.01 g·kg^-1; and for each 1.0 g increase of the thousand kernel weight, the grain S concentration increased by 0.003 g·kg^-1. A positive correlation was found between the grain and flour S concentration and S accumulation in all wheat organs. With the increase of grain S concentration, its distribution ability to flour decreased while the distribution to bran developed. However, in the dryland wheat production region, the increase of grain S accumulation was lower than that of yield, thus the grain S concentration decreased with the yield increase. Soil pH, nitrate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus fertilizer application all showed significant effects on grain S concentration. Grain S concentration increased by 0.02, 0.0004 and 0.0004 g·kg^-1, respectively, with each unit increase of these three parameters. The main soil factors affecting flour S concentration were pH, ammonium N, and available iron (Fe). For each 1.0 unit increase of pH, the flour S concentration increased by 0.04 g·kg^-1; while for each 1.0 mg·kg^-1 increase of soil ammonium N and available Fe, the flour S concentration decreased by 0.0003 and 0.0005 g·kg^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】In brief, the grain S concentrations were of great increase potentials for farmers’ wheat in main wheat production regions of China. It was obviously a vital approach to regulate grain S concentration and its distribution in flour and bran, by optimizing wheat grain yield components, adjusting soil pH, coordinating the soil nitrate N, ammonium N and available Fe supply, and applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers rationally together with increased S fertilizer application, for improving soil S availability and balancing wheat S uptake and yield formation to harvest high yield with optimized grain S nutrition.

Key words: wheat, grain, flour, bran, sulfur, soil pH, soil ammonium N, soil nitrate N, farmers’ field

佘文婷, 孙蕊卿, 党海燕, 李文虎, 张丰, 田怡, 徐隽峰, 丁玉兰, 王朝辉. 我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫的含量、分布及影响因素[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(5): 956-974.

SHE WenTing, SUN RuiQing, DANG HaiYan, LI WenHu, ZHANG Feng, TIAN Yi, XU JunFeng, DING YuLan, WANG ZhaoHui. Sulfur Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain Sampled from Farmers’ Fields in Main Wheat Production Regions of China and Its Affecting Factors[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 956-974.

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麦区 Wheat production region	pH	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 AP (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 AK (mg·kg^-1)	有效硫 AS (mg·kg^-1)
春麦区 SW	7.9	27.8	1.5	21.3	6.1	42.7	204.3	31.1
旱作区 DW	8.4	22.6	1.1	10.8	2.5	30.9	208.5	27.1
麦玉区 WM	7.6	22.0	1.3	31.6	7.8	57.8	215.8	30.8
稻麦区 RW	6.5	30.7	1.8	19.8	9.6	47.1	188.3	31.9
全国 All	7.5	25.0	1.4	24.0	7.2	48.9	206.3	30.5

麦区 Wheat production region	籽粒硫水平Grain S level
麦区 Wheat production region	高硫 HS (g·kg^-1)	中硫 MS (g·kg^-1)	低硫 LS (g·kg^-1)
春麦区 SW (y=0.0505x+0.4544)	≥1.67	1.54-1.67	<1.54
旱作区 DW (y=0.0523x+0.5067)	≥1.76	1.63-1.76	<1.63
麦玉区 WM (y=0.0323x+0.9231)	≥1.70	1.62-1.70	<1.62
稻麦区 RW (y=0.0457x+0.5831)	≥1.68	1.56-1.68	<1.56
全国 All (y=0.0452x+0.6211)	≥1.71	1.59-1.71	<1.59

麦区 Wheat production region	籽粒硫水平 Grain S level	面粉硫含量 Flour S concentration (g·kg^-1)	麸皮硫含量 Bran S concentration (g·kg^-1)
春麦区 SW	低硫 LS	1.27 a	1.57 c
	中硫 MS	1.36 a	2.05 b
	高硫 HS	1.32 a	2.49 a
	平均 Mean	1.30 AB	1.93 A
旱作区 DW	低硫 LS	1.34 b	1.75 c
	中硫 MS	1.38 ab	2.14 b
	高硫 HS	1.48 a	2.51 a
	平均 Mean	1.39 A	2.03 A
麦玉区 WM	低硫 LS	1.30 b	1.91 c
	中硫 MS	1.41 a	2.11 b
	高硫 HS	1.43 a	2.43 a
	平均 Mean	1.37 A	2.11 A
稻麦区 RW	低硫 LS	1.23 b	1.63 c
	中硫 MS	1.23 b	2.31 b
	高硫 HS	1.41 a	2.76 a
	平均 Mean	1.26 B	1.94 A
全国 All	低硫 LS	1.27 c	1.76 c
	中硫 MS	1.35 b	2.16 b
	高硫 HS	1.43 a	2.48 a
	平均 Mean	1.33	2.03

麦区 Wheat production region	籽粒硫水平 Grain S level	小麦产量 Wheat yield (t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)	千粒重 TGW (g)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	公顷穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)
春麦区 SW	低硫 LS	5.2b	12.0a	42.4b	38.3b	30.9b	387b
	中硫 MS	6.3ab	13.2a	48.3a	43.2ab	34.5ab	465ab
	高硫 HS	6.6a	13.7a	48.7a	44.6a	35.3a	493a
	平均 Mean	5.9B	12.7B	45.3B	41.0C	32.8BC	433BC
旱作区 DW	低硫 LS	6.6a	14.5a	45.6a	44.2a	31.0a	436a
	中硫 MS	6.3a	14.1a	44.8a	44.7a	30.4a	428ab
	高硫 HS	4.8b	10.2b	47.2a	41.1a	30.3a	321b
	平均 Mean	6.1B	13.4B	45.7B	43.6B	30.7C	408C
麦玉区 WM	低硫 LS	7.8a	16.7a	48.0a	44.3b	33.6a	570a
	中硫 MS	7.8a	16.7a	47.5a	46.0ab	34.8a	572a
	高硫 HS	8.0a	16.9a	48.1a	46.6a	32.7a	541a
	平均 Mean	7.9A	16.8A	47.9A	45.4A	33.6B	561A
稻麦区 RW	低硫 LS	6.5a	14.1a	46.2a	44.4ab	38.0a	532a
	中硫 MS	6.2a	13.9a	44.7a	46.3a	32.0b	411b
	高硫 HS	5.6a	14.4a	39.8b	42.7b	34.6ab	456ab
	平均 Mean	6.3B	14.1B	44.9B	44.6AB	36.0A	491B
全国 All	低硫 LS	6.8a	14.8a	46.2a	43.5b	34.1a	505a
	中硫 MS	7.2a	15.6a	46.9a	45.4a	33.9a	526a
	高硫 HS	6.9a	15.1a	46.6a	45.0a	32.6a	482a
	平均 Mean	6.9	15.1	46.5	44.4	33.7	505

麦区 Wheat production region	籽粒硫水平 Grain S level	籽粒硫积累量 Grain S accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	地上部硫积累量 Shoot S accumulation (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒硫分配指数 Grain S distribution index (%)	面粉硫分配指数 Flour S distribution index (%)	麸皮硫分配指数 Bran S distribution index (%)
春麦区 SW	低硫 LS	7.2b	14.8b	51.2a	65.9a	34.1c
	中硫 MS	9.8a	19.5ab	50.7a	59.0b	41.1b
	高硫 HS	11.5a	24.3a	48.2a	50.9c	49.1a
	平均 Mean	9.0B	18.5B	50.2A	60.2A	39.8B
旱作区 DW	低硫 LS	9.6a	20.8a	48.4b	59.6a	40.4b
	中硫 MS	10.7a	22.3a	50.1ab	55.4ab	44.6ab
	高硫 HS	8.9a	16.8a	55.1a	54.7b	45.3a
	平均 Mean	9.7B	20.3B	50.4A	57.4A	42.6B
麦玉区 WM	低硫 LS	11.7c	24.7b	49.3a	52.2a	47.8a
	中硫 MS	13.0b	27.0ab	50.0a	49.8a	50.2a
	高硫 HS	14.5a	29.6a	50.8a	48.4a	51.6a
	平均 Mean	12.9A	26.9A	49.9A	50.4B	49.6A
稻麦区 RW	低硫 LS	9.1a	18.2b	52.1a	54.7a	45.3a
	中硫 MS	10.0a	18.7b	53.4a	50.0a	50.0a
	高硫 HS	10.1a	23.7a	44.9b	50.0a	50.0a
	平均 Mean	9.5B	19.1B	51.4A	52.8B	47.2A
全国 All	低硫 LS	9.8b	20.2b	50.5a	55.9a	44.1b
	中硫 MS	11.9a	24.6a	50.4a	50.8b	49.2a
	高硫 HS	12.6a	26.1a	50.3a	50.5b	49.5a
	平均 Mean	11.1	22.9	50.4	53.2	46.8

我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫的含量、分布及影响因素

Sulfur Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain Sampled from Farmers’ Fields in Main Wheat Production Regions of China and Its Affecting Factors

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麦区 Wheat production region	籽粒硫水平 Grain S level	pH	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	有效铁 AFe (mg·kg^-1)	氮肥 N (kg·hm^-2)	磷肥 P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)
春麦区 SW	低硫 LS	7.5b	35.2a	30.6a	9.1a	53.1a	153b	129b
	中硫 MS	8.2ab	24.3ab	11.3a	2.6a	9.9b	322a	228a
	高硫 HS	8.6a	17.4b	10.7a	3.0a	11.2b	328a	202a
	平均 Mean	7.9B	27.8A	21.3AB	6.1AB	32.6B	233AB	170A
旱作区 DW	低硫 LS	8.3b	22.1a	10.0b	2.3a	6.2a	165a	102a
	中硫 MS	8.4ab	22.5a	9.4b	2.2a	5.6ab	181a	124a
	高硫 HS	8.5a	23.4a	14.0a	3.1a	4.3b	160a	119a
	平均 Mean	8.4A	22.6B	10.8B	2.5B	5.6C	168B	111C
麦玉区 WM	低硫 LS	7.7a	23.2a	27.5a	9.0a	30.7a	245a	141a
	中硫 MS	7.3a	21.8ab	31.2a	8.8a	40.8a	262a	135a
	高硫 HS	7.6a	20.6b	38.1a	5.7a	26.8a	279a	151a
	平均 Mean	7.6C	22.0B	31.6A	7.8A	31.7B	260A	143B
稻麦区 RW	低硫 LS	6.6a	29.5b	17.1b	7.7b	124.0a	221a	78a
	中硫 MS	6.2a	27.8b	15.9b	8.4b	129.1a	189a	79a
	高硫 HS	6.5a	39.6a	36.2a	18.9a	144.7a	156a	89a
	平均 Mean	6.5D	30.7A	19.8B	9.6A	128.4A	203B	80D
全国 All	低硫 LS	7.4b	26.9a	21.9a	7.6a	60.7a	214a	113b
	中硫 MS	7.4b	23.0b	21.3a	6.7a	52.6ab	236a	128ab
	高硫 HS	7.8a	23.7ab	31.0a	6.8a	34.8b	239a	141a
	平均 Mean	7.5	25.0	24.0	7.2	51.9	226	123

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