中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 339-354.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.010

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于表型性状分析蕙兰种质资源遗传多样性

唐桂梅1,2,3(), 李卫东1,2,3, 周宇霞1, 孔佑涵1,2,3, 肖晓玲1, 彭颖姝1, 张力1, 符红艳1, 刘洋1(), 黄国林1,2,3()   

  1. 1 湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所,长沙 410125
    2 岳麓山实验室,长沙 410125
    3 湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所/园林花卉种质创新与综合利用湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-05 接受日期:2024-07-25 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-21
  • 通信作者:
    刘洋,E-mail:
    黄国林,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 唐桂梅,E-mail:tgmm1010@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省林业生态保护修复及发展专项资金项目(湘财资环指[2023]5号); 湖南省林业生态保护修复及发展专项资金项目(湘财资环指[2024]3号); 湖南省重点研发项目(2021NK2008); 湖南省重点研发项目(2022NK2062); 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX30)

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cymbidium faberi Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits

TANG GuiMei1,2,3(), LI WeiDong1,2,3, ZHOU YuXia1, KONG YouHan1,2,3, XIAO XiaoLing1, PENG YingShu1, ZHANG Li1, FU HongYan1, LIU Yang1(), HUANG GuoLin1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Hunan Horticultural Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125
    2 Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Changsha 410125
    3 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization of Garden Flowers, Changsha 410125
  • Received:2024-06-05 Accepted:2024-07-25 Published:2025-01-21 Online:2025-01-21

摘要:

【目的】研究蕙兰种质的表型性状变异规律和遗传多样性关系,探讨可靠的种质资源综合评价方法,筛选蕙兰优异种质,为蕙兰种质创新与新品种选育提供重要依据。【方法】以102份蕙兰种质为供试材料,对其38个表型性状进行测定,综合运用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析,结合隶属函数法、聚类分析和相关性分析等多元统计方法,对蕙兰种质进行表型遗传多样性分析和综合评价,并根据综合评价F值及目标性状筛选出蕙兰优异种质。【结果】102份蕙兰种质数量性状变异系数为13.18%—28.28%,遗传多样性指数为1.52—1.97,花数、萼片形状等性状的遗传多样性指数较高;各花部表型性状间的相关系数中达到显著或极显著的有46对性状,多数营养器官性状与生殖器官性状间呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,蕙兰种质资源表型性状累计贡献率达到74.52%时,共提取出12个主成分;利用隶属函数法计算综合评价F值,综合评价F值变化范围为-0.45—1.26,获得排名前10的综合性状优异的蕙兰种质资源;通过系统聚类将蕙兰表型性状和种质资源分别聚为3类,R型聚类结果直观展示了蕙兰不同数量、质量性状指标之间的关联性,与相关性分析结果一致;Q型聚类结果揭示了不同蕙兰种质之间的亲缘关系和遗传背景,综合评价F值排名前10的种质资源有9个位于第Ⅲ大类群。【结论】蕙兰种质资源在数量性状和质量性状上均表现出极为丰富的多样性;采用多元统计分析方法综合评价蕙兰种质是可行的;隶属函数法结合主成分分析法计算表型综合值可量化蕙兰种质资源的综合性状,筛选出‘大一品’‘金奥素’‘程梅’‘宝蕙素’‘江南新极品’‘郑孝荷’‘大陈字’‘绣蕙牡丹’‘蕙兰虎斑’‘端蕙梅’等性状优良的种质资源;株型、花色、萼片及花瓣姿态可作为蕙兰种质评价的关键性指标,以供蕙兰育种亲本材料筛选以及种质资源创新利用。

关键词: 蕙兰, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the variation patterns of phenotypic traits and their relationship to genetic diversity in Cymbidium faberi germplasm, to explore reliable comprehensive evaluation methods for germplasm resources, to screen for superior germplasm, and to provide a critical basis for germplasm innovation and new cultivar breeding in Cymbidium faberi Germplasm. 【Method】Using 102 C. faberi germplasm samples, 38 phenotypic traits were measured. Multiple statistical methods were employed, including the genetic diversity index, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with membership function method, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis, to perform phenotypic genetic diversity analysis and a comprehensive evaluation of the germplasm. Superior C. faberi germplasm was screened based on the comprehensive evaluation F-value and target traits.【Result】The coefficient of variation for quantitative traits in the 102 C. faberi germplasm samples ranged from 13.18% to 28.28%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.52 to 1.97, with higher indices observed for traits such as the number of flowers and sepal shape. Significant or highly significant correlations were found among 46 pairs of traits, with most vegetative organ traits showing a highly significant positive correlation with reproductive organ traits. PCA results indicated that 12 principal components were extracted when the cumulative contribution rate of phenotypic traits reached 74.52%. The comprehensive evaluation F values calculated using the membership function method ranged from -0.45 to 1.26, identifying the top 10 superior C. faberi germplasm resources. Systematic clustering grouped the phenotypic traits and germplasm resources into three categories. R-type clustering visually displayed the associations between different quantitative and qualitative traits, consistent with the correlation analysis results. Q-type clustering revealed the phylogenetic relationships and genetic backgrounds among different C. faberi germplasm; 9 of the top 10 germplasm resources based on the comprehensive evaluation F-value were in the third major category. 【Conclusion】C. faberi germplasm exhibits rich diversity in both quantitative and qualitative traits. Utilization of multivariate statistical analysis methods for comprehensively evaluating C. faberi is feasible. The combination of the membership function method and PCA to calculate phenotypic comprehensive values effectively quantifies the comprehensive traits of C. faberi germplasm. Superior germplasm resources identified include C. faberi Dayipin, C. faberi Jinaosu, C. faberi Chengmei, C. faberi Baohuisu, C. faberi Jiangnanxinjipin, C. faberi Zhengxiaohe, C. faberi Dachenzi, C. faberi Xiuhuimudan, C. faberi Huilanhuban, and C. faberi Duanhuimei, among others. Key traits such as plant type, flower color, sepal, and petal posture can serve as critical indicators for the evaluation of C. faberi germplasm, aiding in the selection of breeding parental materials and innovative utilization of germplasm resources.

Key words: Cymbidium faberi, phenotypic traits, diversity, comprehensive evaluation