长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 307-325.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.02.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性

袁慧琳¹(), 李雅莹²(), 顾文杰², 徐培智², 卢钰升², 孙丽丽², 周昌敏², 黎婉玲², 仇荣亮¹()

¹ 华南农业大学资源环境学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室，广州 510642
² 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点试验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点试验室/广东省土壤微生物与耕地保育工程技术研究中心/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心，广州 510640

收稿日期:2024-01-23 接受日期:2024-03-04 出版日期:2025-01-21 发布日期:2025-01-21
通信作者:
李雅莹，E-mail：liyaying@gdaas.cn。
仇荣亮，E-mail：qiurl@scau.edu.cn
联系方式: 袁慧琳，E-mail：282213423@qq.com。
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202020001); 广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212050020); 广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201003); 国家自然科学基金(41807031); “十四五”广东省农业科技创新九大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SDZG09); 广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J0925); 广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515011211); 广东省农业科学院“十四五”新兴学科团队项目(202121TD); 广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目(2023-440000-51021100-0048); 广东省农业科学院人才培养项目(R2023PY-JX019); 广东省农业科学院人才培养项目(R2021QD-030); 广东省农业科学院人才引进项目(R2021YJ-QG007)

Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure

YUAN HuiLin¹(), LI YaYing²(), GU WenJie², XU PeiZhi², LU YuSheng², SUN LiLi², ZHOU ChangMin², LI WanLing², QIU RongLiang¹()

¹ College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University/Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southern Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Resource Recycling and Cultivated Land Conservation/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Soil Microorganisms and Cultivated Land Conservation/Maoming Sub-center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2024-01-23 Accepted:2024-03-04 Published:2025-01-21 Online:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新鲜与腐熟鸡/猪粪长期施用下土壤溶解性有机质（DOM）的光学组分特征及其与微生物群落多样性和组成间的内在联系，为红壤区绿色循环农业实施策略的制定提供土壤生态方向的理论依据。【方法】基于国家土壤质量广州红壤观测试验站连续11年（2011—2022）的玉米-玉米-包菜轮作定位试验，包括5个处理，分别为不施肥对照、腐熟鸡粪、新鲜鸡粪、腐熟猪粪和新鲜猪粪。采集表层土壤样品，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序测定微生物群落，同时分析土壤DOM紫外-吸收特征及荧光吸收特征，测定相关化学性质，基于多元分析解析主要影响因子。【结果】腐熟粪肥显著提高了土壤有机质含量（122.5%—354.8%），腐熟鸡粪能有效提高土壤速效磷（1 697.2%—3 455.3%）和全磷（587.5%—812.5%）含量，腐熟猪粪主要提高土壤碱解氮（286.6%—311.3%）和全氮（326.4%—373.6%）含量。畜禽粪肥施用均显著提高了土壤DOM含量（60.3%—227.8%），其中猪粪处理对有色溶解性有机质（CDOM）含量提升效果最佳（118.1%—231.7%），鸡粪处理则增加土壤荧光溶解性有机质（FDOM）含量（293.4%—834.9%），且腐熟粪肥效果更佳（834.9%）。FDOM特征指标中，施肥处理的自生源指数均低于对照组（33.2%—39.2%），但腐殖化指数均高于对照组（40.3%—43.3%）。经平行因子分析拆分出4个荧光组分，施肥处理均主要富集C3（含富里酸和胡敏酸的中分子类腐殖质）和C4组分（含类色氨酸的大分子类腐殖质），促进FDOM类蛋白质成分转化为类腐殖质物质，且腐熟粪肥处理土壤C3与C4组分的最大荧光强度更高。腐熟鸡粪处理土壤具有更高微生物群落丰富度（Chao 1指数：19 065.6）和多样性（Shannon指数：5.6—6.0），在提高微生物群落α多样性方面更具优势。不同处理对土壤微生物群落组成的影响存在差异，鸡粪处理以富营养类群Proteobacteria（31.2%—33.0%）、Gemmatimonadetes（4.1%）为主，猪粪处理以寡营养高效碳利用类群Acidobacteria（21.0%—21.6%）和硝化细菌类群Nitrospirae（2.6%—3.4%）为主。门与科水平共线性网络均以正关联为主，其中关联数最多的菌属为Rhodobacteraceae。冗余分析及随机森林模型预测均显示微生物群落主要受速效钾和DOM中C3组分影响，其中氮循环相关微生物类群的响应较为明显。【结论】长期施用不同来源粪肥主要带来养分和有机物输入介导的腐熟成分差异，腐熟粪肥可更好地提升土壤DOM腐殖化程度，其中土壤速效养分和DOM腐殖化组分是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要影响因素，氮循环相关微生物类群对其响应尤为明显，在长期施用畜禽粪肥的土壤中应加以关注。

关键词: 长期施肥, 畜禽粪肥, 轮作土壤, 微生物群落结构, 溶解性有机质

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to investigate the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the intrinsic relationship with soil microbial communities diversity and structure under long-term application of fresh and composted chicken/pig manure, so as to provide a theoretical reference of soil ecology for the implementation of recycling agriculture in the red soil area.【Method】Based on an 11-year (2011-2022) long-term experiment (sweet corn-sweet corn-cabbage rotation) of the National Soil Quality Guangzhou Red Soil Observatory Experiment Station, the fertilization regimes included no manure, chicken manure organic fertilizer, fresh chicken manure, fresh pig manure organic fertilizer, and fresh pig manure. Surface soil samples were collected and subjected to soil chemical properties determination, DOM UV-absorption characterization, parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence absorption characteristics, and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, respectively. The main influencing factors were analyzed based on multivariate analysis.【Result】The composted manure significantly increased soil organic matter (122.5%-354.8%) and nutrient content, among which the chicken manure source treatments effectively increased soil available phosphorus content (1 697.2%-3 455.3%) and total phosphorus content (587.5%-812.5%), while swine manure source treatments mainly increased soil alkali-hydro nitrogen content (286.6%-311.3%) and total nitrogen content (326.4%-373.6%). Livestock manure applications, especially the composted manure, increased soil DOM content (60.3%-227.8%), among which the swine manure source treatments had a better effect on chromophoric dissolved organic matter content (118.1%-231.7%). In contrast, the chicken manure source treatments focused on increasing soil fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) content (293.4%-834.9%). For FDOM characteristic indexes, the biological index of manure application treatments was lower than that under CK (33.2%-39.2%), but the humification index was higher than that under CK (40.3%-43.3%). Four fluorescence components were identified with parallel factor analysis. The manure applications treatments mainly enriched the C3 (medium-size humus molecule containing fulvic acid and humic acid) and C4 (large-size humus molecule containing tryptophan) components, which promoted the conversion of protein-like components into humus-like components in FDOM. The maximum fluorescence intensities of the C3 and C4 components were higher in composted manure treatments. The composted chicken manure was more advantageous in increasing microbial community α-diversity, for the soil microbial community richness (Chao 1 index:19 065.6) and diversity (Shannon index: 5.6-6.0) were higher. The microbial community structures vary according to different treatments. The chicken manure source treatments were dominated by the eutrophic taxa Proteobacteria (31.2%-33.0%) and Gemmatimonadetes (4.1%), while the swine manure source treatments were dominated by the oligotrophic and efficient carbon-utilizing taxa Acidobacteria (21.0%-21.6%) and the nitrifying bacterial taxa Nitrospirae (2.6%-3.4%). Positive correlations dominated the co-occurrence networks, and Rhodobacteraceae had the highest number of correlations with other microbes. Redundancy Analysis and optimized random forest model showed that microbial communities were mainly influenced by available potassium and the C3 component of DOM, with a more pronounced response from nitrogen cycle-related microbial groups.【Conclusion】Long-term application of different manure sources mainly led to differences in humic components mediated by nutrients and organic matter input. Composted manure treatments improved the soil organic matter content and the degree of DOM humification. The available nutrients in soil and the humic-like components of DOM were the main factors affecting the structure of the soil microbial community. The response of nitrogen cycle-related microbial groups to these factors was particularly obvious and should be paid attention under long-term application of manure.

Key words: long-term fertilization, manure, crop rotation soil, microbial communities structure, dissolved organic matter

袁慧琳, 李雅莹, 顾文杰, 徐培智, 卢钰升, 孙丽丽, 周昌敏, 黎婉玲, 仇荣亮. 长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(2): 307-325.

YUAN HuiLin, LI YaYing, GU WenJie, XU PeiZhi, LU YuSheng, SUN LiLi, ZHOU ChangMin, LI WanLing, QIU RongLiang. Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 307-325.

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处理 Treatment	pH	总有机质 Organic matters (%)	总氮 Total nitrogen content (%)	总磷 Total phosphorus content (P₂O₅%)	总钾 Total potassium content (K₂O%)	甜玉米单茬施用量 Application rate for sweet corn per crop (t·hm^-2)	包菜单茬施用量 Application rate for cabbage per crop (t·hm^-2)
CK	-	-	-	-	-	0	0
PM	7.39	31.1	2.95	3.65	2.77	13.2	7.68
PMOF	7.13	27.4	2.92	3.29	2.73	13.4	7.77
SM	7.24	50.8	2.31	1.80	0.72	16.8	9.80
SMOF	7.60	36.6	2.21	1.33	0.65	17.6	10.30

参数名称 Parameter name	公式/定义 Equation/definition	参数描述 Parameter description
F_n(355)	Ex=355 nm，Em=450 nm的荧光强度 The intensity at 355 nm for excitation (Ex) and 450 nm for emission (Em)	表征DOM荧光强度 Characterise the fluorescence intensity of DOM
荧光指数 Fluorescence index, FI	FI=I_470nm/I_520nmEx=370 nm	反映DOM中芳香物质对其荧光强度的贡献率 Reflect the contribution of aromatic substances of DOM to its fluorescence intensity
自生源指数 Biological index, BIX	BIX=I_380nm/I_430nm Ex=310 nm	指示DOM的生物来源比例 Indicate the proportion of DOM biological sources
腐殖化指数 Humification index, HIX	HIX=∑I_435-480nm/(∑I_300-345nm+∑I_435-480nm) Ex=254nm	表征DOM的腐殖化程度 Characterise the degree of humification of DOM
r_(A/C)	紫外光区类腐殖质荧光峰A与可见区类腐殖质荧光峰C荧光强度比值 Ratio of the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak A in the ultraviolet region to the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak C in the visible region	反映DOM中腐殖化组分发育程度 Reflect the degree of humic components’development of DOM
r_(T/C)	类蛋白质荧光峰T与类腐殖质荧光峰C荧光强度比值 Ratio of the fluorescence intensity of protein-like fluorescence peak T to the fluorescence intensity of humic-like fluorescence peak C	评价内源贡献比重 Assess the proportion of endogenous DOM’s contributions

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	阳离子交换量 Cation exchange capacity (cmol·kg^-1)
CK	6.72±0.027 b	11.1±1.69 d	0.40±0.062d	0.72±0.048 d	9.92±0.851 ab	14.1±4.7 d	46.2±7.90 d	28.6±6.65 c	2.43±0.030 d
PM	7.24±0.050 a	24.7±5.31 c	2.75±0.667 bc	1.80±0.401 c	8.81±0.380 ab	253.0±14.1 b	88.7±6.76 c	365.0±32.2 b	5.37±0.805 c
PMOF	7.45±0.035 a	34.8±0.26 b	3.65±0.619 b	2.60±0.067 b	10.20±1.690 a	501.0±23.0 a	142.0±0.718 b	711.0±115 a	6.50±0.407 b
SM	7.22±0.014 a	46.0±3.05 a	5.12±0.080 a	3.07±0.381 ab	8.66±0.344 ab	268.0±2.6 b	179.0±22.6 a	70.0±22.6 c	5.81±2.030 b
SMOF	6.55±0.356 b	50.7±4.71 a	1.99±0.181 c	3.41±0.361 a	7.27±1.170 b	130.0±7.4 c	190.0±20.4 a	51.0±7.81 c	8.06±0.140 a

处理 Treatment	溶解性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	CDOM吸收系数 α(355)	FDOM荧光强度 F_n(355)	CDOM特征参数 CDOM characteristic parameter			FDOM特征参数 FDOM characteristic parameter
处理 Treatment	溶解性有机碳 DOC (mg·kg^-1)	CDOM吸收系数 α(355)	FDOM荧光强度 F_n(355)	SUVA₂₅₄	SUVA₂₆₀	S_R	自生源指数 BIX	荧光指数 FI	腐殖化指数 HIX
CK	106±13.1 d	5.4±1.22 b	412.8±59.5 c	3.89±0.633 b	3.78±0.597 a	0.595±0.076 a	0.737±0.192 a	1.47±0.099 a	0.669±0.148 b
PM	170±4.4 c	11.5±1.42 a	1621.0±166.9 b	7.30±1.570 a	6.52±1.680 a	0.598±0.124 a	0.477±0.002 b	1.59±0.008 a	0.936±0.032 a
PMOF	348±17.8 a	10.8±1.45 a	3850.0±436.3 a	4.09±0.121 b	3.88±0.144 a	0.578±0.032 a	0.485±0.004 b	1.55±0.008 a	0.962±0.006 a
SM	217±15.0 b	14.9±3.08 a	1511.0±214.5 b	5.91±1.660 ab	5.48±1.390 a	0.360±0.236 a	0.477±0.036 b	1.53±0.016 a	0.938±0.037 a
SMOF	215±23.9 b	14.9±1.27 a	1975.0±135.6 b	6.61±1.150 ab	6.35±1.080 a	0.426±0.122 a	0.452±0.007 b	1.47±0.014 a	0.947±0.004 a

长期施用新鲜与腐熟畜禽粪肥土壤溶解性有机质与微生物群落的特征及其关联性

Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure

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