中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (23): 4761-4773.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.014

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于重测序数据与表型性状的宽皮柑橘遗传多样性分析与优异种质筛选

李沛1(), 何治霖1, 谈月霞1, 赵婉彤1, 冯锦英1, 陈贵虎2, 严池2, 王子豪2, 黄平2, 江东1()   

  1. 1 西南大学柑桔研究所,重庆 400712
    2 重庆市果之王园艺研究院,重庆 400712
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08 接受日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-12-01 发布日期:2024-12-07
  • 通信作者:
    江东,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 李沛,E-mail:fflp80080@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部:柑橘种质资源精准鉴定项目(19230691); 现代农业产业技术体系特色水果创新团队项目(CQMAITS20230501)

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mandarin and Excellent Germplasm Screening Based on Whole-Genome Resequencing Data and Phenotypic Traits

LI Pei1(), HE ZhiLin1, TAN YueXia1, ZHAO WanTong1, FENG JinYing1, CHEN GuiHu2, YAN Chi2, WANG ZiHao2, HUANG Ping2, JIANG Dong1()   

  1. 1 Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712
    2 King of Fruit Horticultural Research Institute, Chongqing 400712
  • Received:2024-04-08 Accepted:2024-05-15 Published:2024-12-01 Online:2024-12-07

摘要:

【目的】 利用重测序数据和表型鉴定信息解析宽皮柑橘种质资源遗传变异和群体结构情况,挖掘优异种质资源,促进品种改良朝优质多样化方向发展。【方法】 2021、2022年连续2年对473份宽皮柑橘种质果实与花的25个表型进行鉴定,采其嫩叶进行DNA提取并建库测序。利用变异系数和Shannon-Wiener指数对表型数据进行遗传多样性分析,结合相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法对宽皮柑橘种质资源进行综合评价,筛选优异宽皮柑橘种质。基于重测序数据进行系统进化树分析,解析优异种质所在类群特点。【结果】 473份宽皮柑橘种质表型存在广泛的变异和丰富的遗传多样性,21个数量性状的变异系数介于9.36%—76.98%,平均值为34.95%,遗传多样性指数为1.71—2.08,平均值为1.93。4个质量性状的多样性指数为0.35—0.98,明显低于数量性状。其中,囊衣及汁胞壁重的变异系数最大,果皮颜色的遗传多样性指数最大。对17个果实表型进行主成分分析,选出的前5个主成分累计贡献率大于70%。利用因子分析法进行综合评价,得出宽皮柑橘种质综合得分范围为-1.23—1.59,得分最高的品种为LP31(‘西之香’ב金葵’),其次是LP45(‘西之香’ב金葵’)、LP18(‘红美人’ב美国糖桔’)、LP3(‘塔罗科血橙’ב金葵’)。表型聚类分析与系统进化树分析均将参试宽皮柑橘种质资源分为7个亚群,且两者划分的亚群特点相似,均表明起源地、品种类型和杂交组合的不同可以在分群中体现。综合得分较高的种质大多集中于系统进化树的第Ⅳ类群,表明利用表型信息进行综合评价后的优异种质在遗传上也具有相似性。【结论】 参试宽皮柑橘种质表型存在广泛的变异和丰富的遗传多样性,表型聚类与基因型系统进化树分群结果相似,且基于表型综合评价后筛选出的优异种质在基因水平具有较高的遗传相似性。

关键词: 宽皮柑橘, 表型鉴定, 遗传多样性, 重测序, 系统进化

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study, the whole-genome resequencing data and phenotypic identification information were used to reveal the genetic variation and population structure of mandarin germplasm resources and to explore elite citrus germplasms with these information, the aim was to promote citrus variety improvement in the direction of high fruit quality and diversification. 【Method】 In 2021 and 2022, 25 phenotypic traits of fruits and flowers of 473 mandarin accessions were identified in two consecutive years, and the young leaves were collected for DNA extraction, library construction and sequencing. Diversity analysis of phenotypic information was carried out using the variation coefficient and Shannon-Wiener index. To screen out excellent mandarin germplasm, a comprehensive evaluation on mandarin germplasm resources was conducted using correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Phylogenetic tree analysis was performed based on resequencing data to analyze the characteristics of the group to which the excellent germplasm belongs. 【Result】 There are extensive variations and rich genetic diversity in 473 mandarin accessions. The variation coefficient of 21 quantitative traits ranges from 9.36% to 76.98%, with an average of 34.95%. and the genetic diversity index from 1.71 to 2.08, with an average of 1.93. The diversity index of the four qualitative traits ranged from 0.35 to 0.98, which was significantly lower than the quantitative traits. Among them, the variation coefficient of segment membrane and juice sac wall weight is the largest, and peel color have the largest genetic diversity index. Principal component analysis was performed on 17 fruit phenotypes, and the top five principal components have the cumulative contribution rate more than 70%. Factor analysis was used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, it was used to select elite mandarin accessions with the comprehensive evaluation score which ranged from -1.23 to 1.59, the cultivar with the highest score was LP31 (Nishinokaori×Jin Kui), followed by LP45 (Nishinokaori×Jin Kui), LP18 (Benimadona×American Tang Ju), LP3 (Tarocco Blood Orange×Jin Kui). Both the phenotypic cluster analysis results and the phylogenetic tree analysis divided the tested mandarin germplasm resources into 7 groups, different groups can reflect the differences in the origin, variety type and hybrid combination derived from different genetic backgrounds. The germplasms with high comprehensive evaluation scores mostly are concentrated in Group Ⅳ, which showed that these excellent germplasms have similar genetic component. 【Conclusion】 The 473 mandarin accessions used in this study has extensive phenotypic variation and rich genetic diversity. The phenotypic cluster analysis results and phylogenetic tree gave similar classification results, and the excellent germplasm selected based on comprehensive evaluation score have high genetic similarity.

Key words: mandarin, phenotypic identification, genetic diversity, whole-genome resequencing, phylogenetic evolution