中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (23): 4746-4760.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.013

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省畜禽粪便同效当量替代化肥供需平衡分析

高慧珊(), 李根明, 张进财, 姬广兴, 李青松()   

  1. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南省农业资源优化工程技术研究中心/河南省土地整治与生态重建工程技术研究中心,郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05 接受日期:2024-06-28 出版日期:2024-12-01 发布日期:2024-12-07
  • 通信作者:
    李青松,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 高慧珊,E-mail:huishan@stu.henau.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371314); 河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BZH002)

Supply and Demand Balance Analysis of Livestock and Poultry Manure Equivalent Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer in Henan Province

GAO HuiShan(), LI GenMing, ZHANG JinCai, JI GuangXing, LI QingSong()   

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University/Henan Agricultural Resources Optimization Engineering and Technology Research Center/Henan Engineering Research Center of Land Consolidation and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou 450046
  • Received:2023-12-05 Accepted:2024-06-28 Published:2024-12-01 Online:2024-12-07

摘要:

【目的】 明确区域畜禽粪便养分资源替代化肥的合理适宜用量和比例,以期为降低畜禽养殖污染风险、高效合理利用畜禽有机肥、促进农业安全生产提供参考。【方法】 基于畜禽粪便氮同效当量替代化肥氮的思路,对河南省2020年畜禽养殖粪便养分总量和作物化肥施用折纯量进行对比分析,探究各地市畜禽粪便能够替代化肥的程度和差异。【结果】 (1)2020年河南省畜禽粪便产生量为1.21×108 t,其畜禽粪便N、P2O5养分量分别为53.16×104 和24.57×104 t,分别占河南省作物N和P2O5需肥量的29.2%和28.7%。(2)实际氮肥(以N计)施用量粮食作物(109.03×104 t)>蔬菜(34.14×104 t)>油料作物(15.04×104 t)>果树(14.77×104 t)>茶树(2.72×104 t)>棉花(0.19×104 t),其中粮食作物和蔬菜施用量较大,二者氮肥施用量占河南省氮肥施用总量的81.4%。周口、南阳、信阳、新乡、驻马店、商丘、安阳、开封等8个地市实际氮肥施用量均在105 t以上,累计占河南省氮肥施用总量的74.2%,是畜禽粪便替代化肥量较大的地市。(3)河南省畜禽粪便N养分的供给小于需求的仅有信阳1个地市,开封、洛阳、鹤壁、濮阳、许昌、漯河、三门峡、商丘、驻马店和济源等10个地市供给大于需求,其余地市供需平衡;畜禽粪便P2O5养分供给小于需求的仅有郑州1个地市,鹤壁、濮阳、许昌、漯河、三门峡和驻马店6个地市供给大于需求,其余地市供需平衡。【结论】 河南省畜禽粪便数量大,替代化肥总体上处于供需平衡状态,可全部还田。但区域空间上存在着供需不平衡的现象。不同作物需肥量差异较大,应根据作物种植规模和结构合理布局养殖业,做到畜禽粪便替代化肥的供需平衡,以实现种养结合型的生态农业循环模式。

关键词: 畜禽粪便, 同效当量, 有机肥, 替代化肥, 供需平衡, 河南省

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to determine the reasonable and appropriate amount and proportion of regional livestock and poultry manure nutrient resources to replace chemical fertilizer. The findings would provide valuable insights for mitigating pollution caused by livestock and poultry breeding, promoting efficient and rational use of organic fertilizers derived from livestock and poultry, enhancing fertilizer efficiency, and facilitating agricultural safety production. 【Method】 Following the concept of substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N) with an equivalent amount of livestock and poultry manure organic nitrogen (N), this study conducted a comparative analysis of the total nutrient content of livestock and poultry manure as well as the purification amount of chemical fertilizers applied crops in Henan Province in 2020. It explored the variations in the fertilizer replacement ability of livestock and poultry manure in different cities. 【Result】 (1) In 2020, the yield of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province was 1.21×108 t, in which the organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P2O5) nutrient content were 53.16×104 t and 24.57×104 t, respectively, accounting for 29.2% and 28.7% of the total consumption amount of N and P2O5 in Henan Province. (2) The actual N application amount on different crop types was as follows: grain crops (109.03×104 t)>vegetables (34.14×104 t)>oil crops (15.04×104 t)>fruit trees (14.77×104 t)>tea trees (2.72×104 t)>cotton (0.19×104 t), among which grain crops and vegetables took a dominated demand of the consumption, accounting for 81.4% of the total N consumption on crops in Henan Province. The actual N application amount in the 8 cities of Zhoukou, Nanyang, Xinyang, Xinxiang, Zhumadian, Shangqiu, Anyang, and Kaifeng was more than 105 t separately, accounting for 74.2% of the total application amount in Henan Province. (3) The organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P2O5) of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province were generally in a state of supply and demand balance. For N nutrient supply, it was less than demand only in Xinyang; whereas the supply exceeded demands in the 10 cities of Kaifeng, Luoyang, Hebi, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu Zhumadian and Jiyuan; and it was in the balance state in all other cities in Henan. Regarding P2O5 nutrient supply from livestock and poultry manure, it was less than demand only in Zhengzhou, and the supply exceeded demands in the 6 cities of Hebi, Puyang, Xuchang, Luohe, Sanmenxia and Zhumadian; it achieved a balance between supply and demand in all other cities in Henan. 【Conclusion】 The livestock and poultry manure production was abundant in Henan Province. The organic nitrogen (N) and organic phosphorus (P2O5) of livestock and poultry manure in Henan Province were generally in a state of supply and demand balance, and all livestock and poultry manure could be returned to the field as fertilizers, however, there was an imbalance between regional supply and demand spatially. The fertilizer requirement of different crops varies greatly, and the breeding industry should be reasonably distributed according to the scale and structure of crop cultivation, so as to achieve a balance between supply and demand of livestock and poultry manure as a substitute for chemical fertilizer, and to realize the ecological agricultural cycle mode of combining planting and breeding.

Key words: livestock and poultry manure, iso equivalent, organic fertilizer, substitution of chemical fertilizer, supply and demand balance, Henan Province