244份春小麦苗期抗旱性的鉴定

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.09.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1646-1657.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.09.003

所属专题：专题——小麦抗旱性鉴定及基因资源挖掘

• 专题：小麦抗旱性鉴定及基因资源挖掘 • 上一篇下一篇

244份春小麦苗期抗旱性的鉴定

周全¹(), 路秋梅¹, 赵张晨¹, 武宸冉¹, 符笑歌¹, 赵玉娇¹, 韩勇², 蔺怀龙², 陈微林², 牟丽明³, 李兴茂⁴, 王长海², 胡银岗¹, 陈亮¹()

¹ 西北农林科技大学农学院/作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 九圣禾控股集团有限公司，新疆昌吉 831100
³ 定西市农业科学研究院，甘肃定西 743000
⁴ 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所，兰州 730070

收稿日期:2023-07-23 接受日期:2023-09-26 出版日期:2024-05-01 发布日期:2024-05-09
通信作者:
陈亮，E-mail：chenliang9117@nwsuaf.edu.cn
联系方式: 周全，E-mail：1240769020@qq.com。
基金资助:
ANSO联合研究合作专项(ANSO-CR-KP-2022-05); 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2023-JC-ZD-08)

Identification of Drought Resistance of 244 Spring Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage

ZHOU Quan¹(), LU QiuMei¹, ZHAO ZhangChen¹, WU ChenRan¹, FU XiaoGe¹, ZHAO YuJiao¹, HAN Yong², LIN HuaiLong², CHEN WeiLin², MOU LiMing³, LI XingMao⁴, WANG ChangHai², HU YinGang¹, CHEN Liang¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Jiushenghe Holding Group Limited, Changji 831100, Xinjiang
³ Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi 743000, Gansu
⁴ Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070

Received:2023-07-23 Accepted:2023-09-26 Published:2024-05-01 Online:2024-05-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】干旱是限制全球小麦生产的主要环境因素，培育抗旱品种是全球小麦育种面临的核心挑战。春小麦作为短生育期小麦品种，为国家粮食安全和种植结构提供了重要保障，确定春小麦材料的抗旱性，为选育抗旱稳产新品种提供依据。【方法】为了解春小麦品种（系）的苗期抗旱性，以来自10个不同地区的244份春小麦品种（系）为试验材料，利用控制含水量法进行苗期干旱胁迫，于三叶期选择长势均匀一致的幼苗，测定最大根长（MRL）、第一叶长（FLL），第一叶宽（FLW）、胚芽鞘长（CL）、地上部鲜重（SFW）和地下部鲜重（RFW）等13个苗期指标，通过描述统计法、隶属函数法、主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析等方法对各春小麦品种（系）的抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】春小麦品种（系）之间的耐旱性表现出丰富的变异，干旱处理条件下，所测定性状的变异系数为2.1%—32.9%，对照组变异系数范围为1.0%—29.3%；与对照相比，干旱处理条件下的胚芽鞘长度、根干重、鲜重根冠比和干重根冠比均不同程度增加。主成分分析将原13个指标归纳为5个主成分，贡献率达79.6%，根据各主成分特征向量和各性状指标的抗旱系数，计算出综合抗旱系数D值，并对D值进行聚类分析，将供试材料分为5个亚群，据此筛选出根部生物量（地下部鲜重和干重）作为苗期抗旱性鉴定的有效综合指标。将苗期指标抗旱系数与田间相关农艺性状进行相关性分析，发现苗期胚芽鞘长、第一叶长和成熟期旗叶长、株高、穗长、小穗数和籽粒长呈极显著正相关性，苗期整株生物量与籽粒千粒重呈极显著正相关。【结论】筛选出高抗旱春小麦品种22份，明确了根部生物量（地下部鲜重和干重）可作为苗期抗旱性鉴定的有效综合指标。

关键词: 春小麦, 苗期, 抗旱性, 综合抗旱系数

Abstract:

【Objective】Drought is a major environmental factor limiting global wheat production, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is a key challenge faced by wheat breeders worldwide. Spring wheat, which has a short growth period, plays a vital role for national food security and planting structure, therefore, it is of great importance to identify and select drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties for breeding of high-yielding and drought-tolerant wheat.【Method】In this study, 244 spring wheat varieties (lines) from 10 different regions were used to assess the drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties during the seedling stage, this study used the controlled water content method to impose drought stress during the seedling stage, 5 seedlings with uniform and consistent growth were selected during the trefoil stage. Thirteen seedling stage indicators including maximum root length (MRL), first leaf length (FLL), first leaf width (FLW), coleoptile length (CL), shoot fresh weight (SFW) and root fresh weight (RFW) were measured. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of various spring wheat varieties (lines) was conducted through methods such as using descriptive statistics, membership function, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. 【Result】The drought tolerance of spring wheat varieties (lines) exhibits a large variation. The coefficient of variation of the measured traits under drought treatment conditions ranges from 2.1% to 32.9%, while the coefficient of variation of the control group ranges from 1.0% to 29.3%. Compared with the control, the coleoptile length, root dry weight, fresh weight root to shoot ratio, and dry weight root to shoot ratio under drought treatment were all greater than those under the control treatment. The original 13 indexes were summarized into 5 principal components, and the contribution rate reached 79.56%, and the D value of the comprehensive drought resistance coefficient was calculated according to the characteristic vector of each principal component and the drought resistance coefficient of each trait index, then the D value was clustered and analyzed, which could be divided into 5 subgroups. Therefore, the root biomass (underground fresh weight and dry weight) was screened as an effective comprehensive index for the identification of drought resistance at the seedling stage. We conducted correlation analysis between the seedling stage drought index and the agronomic traits of maturity stage showed that the coleoptile length, first leaf length was significantly positively correlated with flag length, plant height, spike length, the number of spike and grain length. Additionally, and the seedling biomass was significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight.【Conclusion】Twenty-two highly drought-tolerant varieties were screened, and root biomass (both fresh and dry weight of the underground part) was identified as an effective comprehensive indicator for evaluating seedling stage drought tolerance.

Key words: spring wheat, seedling stage, drought resistance, comprehensive drought resistance coefficient

周全, 路秋梅, 赵张晨, 武宸冉, 符笑歌, 赵玉娇, 韩勇, 蔺怀龙, 陈微林, 牟丽明, 李兴茂, 王长海, 胡银岗, 陈亮. 244份春小麦苗期抗旱性的鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(9): 1646-1657.

ZHOU Quan, LU QiuMei, ZHAO ZhangChen, WU ChenRan, FU XiaoGe, ZHAO YuJiao, HAN Yong, LIN HuaiLong, CHEN WeiLin, MOU LiMing, LI XingMao, WANG ChangHai, HU YinGang, CHEN Liang. Identification of Drought Resistance of 244 Spring Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1646-1657.

图/表 9

表1

图1

表2

表3

苗期指标的相关性分析"

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	最大根长 MRL	胚芽鞘长 CL	第一叶长 FLL	第一叶宽 FLW	第一叶面积 FLA	地上部鲜重 SFW	地上部干重 SDW	地下部鲜重 RFW	地下部干重 RDW	鲜重根冠比 RSFW	干重根冠比 RSDW	苗失水率 SWLR
对照 Control	胚芽鞘长CL	-0.51**
	第一叶长FLL	-0.52**	0.75**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.02	-0.19**	0.06
	第一叶面积FLA	-0.40**	0.50**	0.82**	0.56**
	地上部鲜重SFW	-0.52**	0.45**	0.57**	0.25**	0.62**
	地上部干重SDW	-0.36**	0.31**	0.51**	0.30**	0.61**	0.89**
	地下部鲜重RFW	0.48**	-0.21**	-0.24**	0.01	-0.13*	0.14*	0.11
	地下部干重RDW	0.79**	-0.52**	-0.40**	0.17**	-0.19**	-0.33**	-0.17**	0.61**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.80**	-0.58**	-0.58**	-0.03	-0.47**	-0.72**	-0.65**	0.43**	0.85**
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.72**	-0.47**	-0.57**	-0.20**	-0.55**	-0.62**	-0.57**	0.55**	0.66**	0.83**
	苗失水率SWLR	-0.58**	0.53**	0.44**	-0.01	0.36**	0.71**	0.37**	0.08	-0.52**	-0.58**	-0.49**
	根失水率RWLR	-0.38**	0.30**	0.16*	-0.24**	0.002	0.48**	0.25**	0.28**	-0.41**	-0.44**	-0.10	0.64**
胁迫 Stress	胚芽鞘长CL	-0.61**
	第一叶长FLL	-0.48**	0.62**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.24**	0.12	0.23**
	第一叶面积FLA	-0.47**	0.50**	0.83**	0.67**
	地上部鲜重SFW	-0.48**	0.48**	0.57**	0.42**	0.66**
	地上部干重SDW	-0.54**	0.44**	0.63**	0.56**	0.78**	0.83**
	地下部鲜重RFW	0.56**	-0.47**	-0.27**	0.09	-0.13*	0.01	-0.032
	地下部干重RDW	0.70**	-0.60**	-0.47**	-0.01	-0.32**	-0.25**	-0.26**	0.82**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.81**	-0.66**	-0.71**	-0.34**	-0.69**	-0.63**	-0.75**	0.60**	0.82**
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.73**	-0.65**	-0.57**	-0.17**	-0.49**	-0.53**	-0.48**	0.83**	0.82**	0.86**
	苗失水率SWLR	0.19**	0.01	-0.17**	-0.26**	-0.28**	0.19**	-0.38**	0.10	0.07	0.30**	0.001
	根失水率RWLR	-0.05	0.07	0.22**	0.12	0.20**	0.39**	0.27**	0.55**	0.03	-0.11	0.26**	0.17**

表3

表4

图2

图3

表5

表6

苗期性状与田间农艺性状相关性分析"

环境 Environment	指标 Index	旗叶长 FL	株高 PH	穗长 SL	小穗数 SN	穗粒数 GN	千粒重 TKW	籽粒长 GL	籽粒宽 GW
杨凌YL	最大根长MRL	-0.25**	-0.02	-0.03	-.16*	-0.07	0.13*	-0.29**	0.14*
	胚芽鞘长CL	0.59**	0.53**	0.42**	0.39**	-0.01	-0.28**	0.33**	-0.35**
	第一叶长FLL	0.50**	0.26**	0.27**	0.34**	0.13	-0.19**	0.36**	-0.26**
	第一叶宽FLW	-0.11	-0.32**	-0.10	-0.08	0.22**	0.17**	0.04	0.22**
	第一叶面积FLA	0.31**	0.03	0.14*	0.23**	0.24**	-0.04	0.32**	-0.04
	地上部鲜重SFW	0.13*	-0.13*	-0.03	0.16*	0.26**	0.18**	0.43**	0.19**
	地上部干重SDW	0.06	-0.17*	-0.04	0.15*	0.30**	0.28**	0.45**	0.26**
	地下部鲜重RFW	-0.18**	-0.10	-0.07	-0.10	0.01	0.27**	-0.06	0.30**
	地下部干重RDW	-0.29**	-0.14*	-0.09	-0.15*	-0.00	0.24**	-0.17**	0.26**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	-0.26**	-0.04	-0.06	-0.19**	-0.14*	0.04	-0.37**	0.07
	干重根冠比RSDW	-0.25**	-0.02	-0.03	-0.19**	-0.17*	0.10	-0.32**	0.13*
	苗失水率SWLR	0.17**	-0.01	-0.02	0.10	0.07	-0.06	0.23**	-0.02
	根失水率RWLR	0.05	0.01	-0.06	0.01	-0.01	0.08	0.15*	0.06
定西DX	最大根长MRL	-0.22**	-0.25**	0.15*	-0.15*	0.26**	0.02	-0.42**	0.13*
	胚芽鞘长CL	0.34**	0.64**	0.17**	0.20**	-0.17**	0.16*	0.50**	-0.15*
	第一叶长FLL	0.34**	0.37**	0.00	0.20**	-0.06	0.09	0.34**	-0.11
	第一叶宽FLW	0.23**	-0.03	-0.10	0.20**	0.15*	0.23**	0.10	0.29**
	第一叶面积FLA	0.38**	0.26**	-0.03	0.26**	0.04	0.21**	0.31**	0.10
	地上部鲜重SFW	0.25**	0.17*	-0.05	0.07	-0.12	0.24**	0.34**	0.10
	地上部干重SDW	0.32**	0.11	-0.15*	0.11	-0.08	0.28**	0.38**	0.20**
	地下部鲜重RFW	-0.15*	-0.40**	0.02	-0.09	0.24**	0.22**	-0.28**	0.38**
	地下部干重RDW	-0.17**	-0.41**	0.09	-0.15*	0.24**	0.17**	-0.28**	0.31**
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	-0.30**	-0.35**	0.15*	-0.17**	0.19**	-0.02	-0.42**	0.12
	干重根冠比RSDW	-0.26**	-0.43**	0.06	-0.13	0.24**	0.07	-0.41**	0.26**
	苗失水率SWLR	-0.15*	0.07	0.17**	-0.10	-0.04	-0.08	-0.13*	-0.16*
	根失水率RWLR	-0.04	-0.16*	-0.04	0.02	0.04	0.11	-0.02	0.18**

表6

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省份/组织 Province/Organization	数量 No.	省份/组织 Province/Organization	数量 No.
CIMMYT	97	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	1
中国甘肃Gansu, China	53	中国云南Yunnan, China	1
中国四川Sichuan, China	49	中国青海Qinghai, China	1
中国宁夏Ningxia, China	24	中国黑龙江Heilongjiang, China	1
中国河南Henan, China	3	国外Foreign	14

处理 Treatment	指标 Index	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
对照 Control	最大根长MRL (cm)	10.10	26.02	18.60	3.22	17.30
	胚芽鞘长CL (cm)	5.23	12.07	7.90	1.52	19.22
	第一叶长FLL (cm)	11.02	22.74	15.58	2.66	17.08
	第一叶宽FLW (cm)	0.29	0.45	0.36	0.04	10.37
	第一叶面积FLA (cm²)	2.58	6.47	4.30	0.87	20.24
	地上部鲜重SFW (mg)	360.00	919.00	612.62	139.21	22.72
	地上部干重SDW (mg)	37.50	76.40	55.06	8.59	15.60
	地下部鲜重RFW (mg)	114.00	340.00	232.98	47.98	20.59
	地下部干重RDW (mg)	9.00	27.00	18.44	3.97	21.51
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.18	0.69	0.39	0.12	29.30
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.18	0.57	0.34	0.10	29.23
	苗失水率SWLR	0.89	0.93	0.91	0.01	1.05
	根失水率RWLR	0.85	0.95	0.92	0.02	1.71
干旱 Drought	最大根长MRL (cm)	7.18	19.27	13.11	2.88	21.95
	胚芽鞘长CL (cm)	5.98	12.34	8.22	1.28	15.52
	第一叶长FLL (cm)	8.28	16.07	11.89	1.94	16.33
	第一叶宽FLW (cm)	0.21	0.35	0.27	0.03	11.33
	第一叶面积FLA (cm²)	1.41	3.74	2.50	0.54	21.58
	地上部鲜重SFW (mg)	213.67	471.00	324.65	56.82	17.50
	地上部干重SDW (mg)	31.00	70.00	49.85	9.30	18.65
	地下部鲜重RFW (mg)	47.00	219.00	140.12	35.99	25.68
	地下部干重RDW (mg)	10.00	30.33	20.77	4.44	21.37
	鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.22	0.79	0.44	0.14	32.89
	干重根冠比RSDW	0.15	0.79	0.44	0.14	30.61
	苗失水率SWLR	0.77	0.88	0.85	0.02	2.10
	根失水率RWLR	0.72	0.89	0.85	0.03	2.96

244份春小麦苗期抗旱性的鉴定

Identification of Drought Resistance of 244 Spring Wheat Varieties at Seedling Stage

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指标 Index	因子载荷Factor loading
指标 Index	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
最大根长MRL	0.59	0.03	-0.24	0.00	-0.24
胚芽鞘长CL	0.42	0.33	-0.20	0.72	0.01
第一叶长FLL	0.43	0.67	0.03	-0.38	0.21
第一叶宽FLW	-0.15	0.27	0.66	0.36	0.38
第一叶面积FLA	0.24	0.71	0.46	-0.08	0.41
地上部鲜重SFW	0.29	0.67	-0.51	0.23	-0.17
地上部干重SDW	0.11	0.61	0.46	0.14	-0.58
地下部鲜重RFW	0.89	-0.12	-0.05	0.29	-0.12
地下部干重RDW	0.76	-0.16	0.30	-0.15	-0.15
鲜重根冠比RSFW	0.62	-0.57	-0.07	-0.22	0.29
干重根冠比RSDW	0.67	-0.42	0.42	0.06	0.03
苗失水率SWLR	0.08	0.25	-0.85	0.19	0.30
根失水率RWLR	0.55	0.01	-0.11	0.57	0.22
特征值Eigenvalue	3.39	2.56	2.22	1.13	1.04
贡献率Contribution (%)	26.07	19.72	17.04	8.70	8.03
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution (%)	26.07	45.78	62.83	71.52	79.56
因子权重Factor weight	0.33	0.25	0.21	0.11	0.10

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