氮肥减量后移改善植株光合特性提高麦-玉周年产量及经济效益

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 868-884.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

氮肥减量后移改善植株光合特性提高麦-玉周年产量及经济效益

赵凯男¹(), 丁豪¹^,², 刘阿康³, 姜宗昊⁴, 陈广周¹, 冯波¹, 王宗帅¹, 李华伟¹, 司纪升¹, 张宾¹, 毕香君¹, 李勇⁵, 李升东¹(), 王法宏¹

¹ 山东省农业科学院作物研究所，济南250100
² 青岛农业大学农学院，山东青岛266109
³ 全国农业技术推广服务中心粮食作物技术处，北京 100125
⁴ 山东省种子管理总站，济南250100
⁵ 山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安271018

收稿日期:2023-09-13 接受日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-03-01 发布日期:2024-03-06
通信作者:
李升东，E-mail：lsd01@163.com
联系方式: 赵凯男，E-mail：575611817@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-22)

Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Postponing for Improving Plant Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics to Increase Wheat- Maize and Annual Yield and Economic Return

ZHAO KaiNan¹(), DING Hao¹^,², LIU AKang³, JIANG ZongHao⁴, CHEN GuangZhou¹, FENG Bo¹, WANG ZongShuai¹, LI HuaWei¹, SI JiSheng¹, ZHANG Bin¹, BI XiangJun¹, LI Yong⁵, LI ShengDong¹(), WANG FaHong¹

¹ Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
² College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong
³ National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Grain Crop Technology Division, Beijing 100125
⁴ Shandong Seed Administration Station, Jinan 250100
⁵ College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong

Received:2023-09-13 Accepted:2023-10-24 Published:2024-03-01 Online:2024-03-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对黄淮海平原传统施氮技术下，小麦-玉米两熟体系作物生育后期土壤氮肥供应不足导致籽粒减产等问题，探讨氮肥减量后移对植株光合特性、干物质积累及周年籽粒产量和经济效益的影响，为进一步优化施氮制度提供理论依据。【方法】2020—2023年，于山东济阳典型麦-玉两熟种植区，设置周年施氮400 kg·hm^-2传统农户处理（CK，小麦季200 kg·hm^-2：65%基肥+35%返青肥，玉米季200 kg·hm^-2：100%基肥）、周年减氮10%（SN，小麦季180 kg·hm^-2：50%基肥+50%返青肥，玉米季180 kg·hm^-2：100%基肥）、周年减氮20%（NH，小麦季180 kg·hm^-2：22.2%基肥+33.3%返青肥+44.5%抽穗肥，玉米季140 kg·hm^-2：28.6%基肥+71.4%大喇叭口肥）和周年减氮30%（NL，小麦季140 kg·hm^-2：43%返青肥+57%抽穗肥，玉米季140 kg·hm^-2：100%大喇叭口肥）4种施氮制度，研究不同施氮制度下麦-玉两熟体系的光合特性、籽粒产量和经济效益。【结果】氮肥后移优化了氮肥减量条件下作物光合特性，其中，叶面积指数3年均值，小麦拔节和开花期NL较CK、SN和NH处理分别显著提高19.0%—40.1%和21.6%—36.7%，夏玉米吐丝期NL较CK和SN处理显著提高6.8%—7.3%；叶片SPAD值3年均值，冬小麦拔节和开花期NL较CK、SN处理分别显著提高7.7%—10.0%和7.4%—12.9%，灌浆中期NL较CK、SN和NH处理显著提高5.2%—16.2%；夏玉米大喇叭口期NL和NH较CK、SN处理3年均值分别显著提高9.0%—9.4%和6.7%—7.1%，吐丝和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN和NH分别显著提高5.1%—9.4%和4.1%—9.2%；净光合速率3年均值，小麦拔节、开花和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN处理分别提高8.9%—13.3%、14.0%—18.1%和20.1%—24.4%；夏玉米大喇叭口、吐丝和灌浆中期NL较CK、SN处理分别提高4.2%—5.7%、8.7%—13.4%和7.7%—12.8%。NL处理通过增加氮肥后移量，改善了各生育阶段地上部干物质积累强度，稳定或提高了各生育时期地上部干物质积累量，冬小麦拔节、开花和成熟期地上部干物质积累量的3年均值较CK分别显著提高26.7%、27.4%和18.1%，夏玉米吐丝期显著提高14.4%。氮肥后移通过改善氮肥减量条件下光合特性，促进了各生育时期地上部干物质积累，最终实现冬小麦、夏玉米及周年籽粒产量的3年均值，NL较CK处理分别显著提高20.5%、18.1%和19.1%，经济效益分别显著提高32.4%、23.8%和27.9%。【结论】黄淮海平原麦-玉两熟体系，周年减氮30%制度下通过增加氮肥后移量，改善了作物光合特性（叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值和净光合速率），优化了各生育阶段地上部干物质积累强度和干物质积累量，从而促进冬小麦、夏玉米及周年总产和经济效益的提高。

关键词: 周年减氮, 氮肥后移, 麦-玉两熟制, 籽粒产量, 经济效益, 光合特性

Abstract:

【Objective】Under the traditional nitrogen (N) fertilizer application technology in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, insufficient soil N supply in the late growth stages of the wheat-maize double cropping system has resulted in significant yield reduction issues. In this study, the effects of N fertilizer reduction and postponing on plant photosynthetic physiological characteristics, aboveground dry matter accumulation, annual grain yield, and economic benefits were investigated, in order to provide the theoretical basis for further optimization of N fertilizer management.【Method】From 2020 to 2023, the field experiment was conducted in the typical wheat-maize double cropping system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The following treatments are set up in the experiment: annual N fertilizer application 400 kg·hm^-2of traditional farmer treatment (CK, wheat season 200 kg·hm^-2: 65% basal fertilizer+35% regreening fertilizer, maize season 200 kg·hm^-2: 100% basal fertilizer), 10% reduction of annual N fertilizer (SN, wheat season 180 kg·hm^-2: 50% basal fertilizer+50% regreening fertilizer, maize season 180 kg·hm^-2: 100% basal fertilizer), 20% reduction of annual N fertilizer (NH, wheat season 180 kg·hm^-2: 22.2% basal fertilizer+33.3% regreening fertilizer+44.5% heading fertilizer, maize season 140 kg·hm^-2: 28.6% basal fertilizer+71.4% pre-tasseling fertilizer), and 30% reduction of annual N fertilizer (NL, wheat season 140 kg·hm^-2: 43% regreening fertilizer+57% heading fertilizer, maize season 140 kg·hm^-2: 100% pre-tasseling fertilizer). The photosynthetic physiological characteristic, grain yield, and economic benefits of the wheat-maize double cropping system were tested. 【Result】Under the condition of N reduction, the photosynthetic physiological characteristic of crops were optimized by N fertilizer postponing. Averaged across the three years, NL significantly increased leaf area index by 19.0%-40.1% and 21.6%-36.7% at jointing and anthesis of winter wheat, respectively, compared with CK, SN, and NH treatments. Meanwhile, NL was 6.8%-7.3% higher at silking of summer maize than CK and SN. Similarity, for winter wheat, averaged across the three years, NL significantly increased SPAD value by 7.7%-10.0% and 7.4%-12.9% at jointing and anthesis, respectively, compared with CK and SN. Additionally, it showed a 5.2%-16.2% increase at mid-filling compared with CK, SN, and NH, respectively. Meanwhile NL and NH were 9.0%-9.4% and 6.7%-7.1% higher at pre-tasseling of summer maize, respectively, compared with CK and SN, and 5.1%-9.4% and 4.1%-9.2%at silking and mid-filling under NL treatment, respectively, compared with CK, SN, and NH. Averaged across the three years, NL significantly increased Pn by 8.9%-13.3%, 14.0%-18.1%, and 20.1%-24.4% at jointing, anthesis, and mid-filling of winter wheat, respectively, compared with CK and SN. Meanwhile NL was 4.2%-5.7%, 8.7%-13.4%, and 7.7%-12.8% higher at pre-tasseling, silking, and mid-filling, respectively, compared with CK, SN, and NH, respectively. NL treatment improved the aboveground dry matter accumulation rate and stabilized or increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation at different growth stages by N fertilizer postponing. Average across the three years, the aboveground dry matter under NL significantly increased by 26.7%, 27.4%, and 18.1% at jointing, anthesis, and maturity of winter wheat, respectively, compared with CK. Additionally, there was a 14.4% increase in dry matter accumulation at silking of summer maize under NL compared with CK. N fertilizer postponing improved the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and promoted aboveground dry matter accumulation at each growth stage under the condition of N reduction, and increased winter wheat, summer maize, and annual grain yield and economic benefits. Compared with CK, the results averaged from 2020 to 2023 showed that NL treatment significantly increased the grain yield and economic benefits by 20.5%, 18.1%, 19.1% and 32.4%, 23.8%, 27.9%, respectively.【Conclusion】In the wheat-maize double cropping system on Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a 30% reduction of annual N fertilizer by N fertilizer postponing could optimize crops photosynthetic physiological characteristics (such as leaf area index, leaf SPAD value, and Pn), as well as enhance aboveground dry matter accumulation rate, and aboveground dry matter accumulation at different growth stages. This would ultimately lead to improved winter wheat, summer maize, and annual grain yield, resulting in enhanced economic benefits.

Key words: annual N fertilizer reduction, N fertilizer postponing, wheat-maize double cropping system, grain yield, economic return, photosynthetic physiological characteristics

赵凯男, 丁豪, 刘阿康, 姜宗昊, 陈广周, 冯波, 王宗帅, 李华伟, 司纪升, 张宾, 毕香君, 李勇, 李升东, 王法宏. 氮肥减量后移改善植株光合特性提高麦-玉周年产量及经济效益[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(5): 868-884.

ZHAO KaiNan, DING Hao, LIU AKang, JIANG ZongHao, CHEN GuangZhou, FENG Bo, WANG ZongShuai, LI HuaWei, SI JiSheng, ZHANG Bin, BI XiangJun, LI Yong, LI ShengDong, WANG FaHong. Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Postponing for Improving Plant Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics to Increase Wheat- Maize and Annual Yield and Economic Return[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(5): 868-884.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.05.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I5/868

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表3

表4

参考文献 39

[1]	李二珍, 靳存旺, 闫洪, 刘娟, 王婧. 氮肥分次施用比例对春玉米光合速率及产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(5): 12-16.
	LI E Z, JIN C W, YAN H, LIU J, WANG J. Effect of application period and ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic and yield of spring maize. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017(5): 12-16. (in Chinese)
[2]	吴雅薇, 李强, 豆攀, 马晓君, 余东海, 罗延宏, 孔凡磊, 袁继超. 氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种生育后期叶绿素含量和氮代谢酶活性的影响. 草业学报, 2017, 26(10): 188-197. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2017006
	WU Y W, LI Q, DOU P, MA X J, YU D H, LUO Y H, KONG F L, YUAN J C. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf chlorophyll content and enzyme activity at late growth stages in maize cultivars with contrasting tolerance to low nitrogen. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(10): 188-197. (in Chinese)
[3]	李举华, 林荣芳, 刘兆丽, 王健林, 刘树堂. 长期定位施肥对冬小麦叶面积指数及群体受光态势的影响. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(3): 209-212. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2008.03.049
	LI J H, LIN R F, LIU Z L, WANG J L, LIU S T. Effects of long-term located fertilization on leaf area index and light distribution in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agriculturae Boreali Sinica, 2008, 23(3): 209-212. (in Chinese)
[4]	耿杰, 张琳捷, 岳小红, 曹靖, 代立兰, 蔡锐, 唐让云. 铵态氮和硝态氮调节盐胁迫豌豆幼苗生长和根系呼吸的作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(4): 1001-1009.
	GENG J, ZHANG L J, YUE X H, CAO J, DAI L L, CAI R, TANG R Y. Effect of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N on plant growth and root respiration of pea seedlings under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(4): 1001-1009. (in Chinese)
[5]	巨晓棠, 刘学军, 张福锁. 冬小麦与夏玉米轮作体系中氮肥效应及氮素平衡研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(11): 1361-1368. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2002-35-11-69-76.
	JU X T, LIU X J, ZHANG F S. Study on effect of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen balance in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(11): 1361-1368. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2002-35-11-69-76. (in Chinese)
[6]	李升东, 冯波, 韩伟, 李文杰, 李宗新, 王宗帅, 李华伟, 毕香君, 司纪升, 张宾. 优化施氮对夏玉米产量及水氮利用的影响. 山东农业科学, 2020, 52(8): 57-63.
	LI S D, FENG B, HAN W, LI W J, LI Z X, WANG Z S, LI H W, BI X J, SI J S, ZHANG B. Effect of optimized nitrogen application on summer maize yield and water-nitrogen utilization. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 52(8): 57-63. (in Chinese)
[7]	ZHAO K N, HUANG M, LI Y J, WU J Z, TIAN W Z, LI J H, HOU Y Q, WU S W, ZHANG J, ZHANG Z W, ZHAO Z M, AHAMMED G J, LI G Q. Combined organic fertilizer and straw return enhanced summer maize productivity and optimized soil nitrate-N distribution in rainfed summer maize-winter wheat rotation on the southeast loess plateau. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2023, 23(1): 938-952. doi: 10.1007/s42729-022-01094-2
[8]	石玉, 于振文, 王东, 李延奇, 王雪. 施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素吸收转运及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2006, 32(12): 1860-1866.
	SHI Y, YU Z W, WANG D, LI Y Q, WANG X. Effects of nitrogen rate and ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing on uptake, translocation of nitrogen and yield in wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(12): 1860-1866. (in Chinese)
[9]	李鹏, 贾永红, 张金汕, 罗四维, 王凯, 石书兵. 氮肥追施比例对匀播冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2021, 41(8): 1015-1022.
	LI P, JIA Y H, ZHANG J S, LUO S W, WANG K, SHI S B. Effects of nitrogen topdressing ratio on photosynthetic traits and yield of winter wheat under uniform sowing. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2021, 41(8): 1015-1022. (in Chinese)
[10]	徐珂, 樊志龙, 殷文, 赵财, 于爱忠, 胡发龙, 柴强. 氮肥后移及间作对玉米光合特性的耦合效应. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4131-4143. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.004.
	XU K, FAN Z L, YIN W, ZHAO C, YU A Z, HU F L, CHAI Q. Coupling effects of N-fertilizer postponing application and intercropping on maize photosynthetic physiological characteristics. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4131-4143. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.004. (in Chinese)
[11]	仝锦, 孙敏, 任爱霞, 林文, 余少波, 王强, 冯玉, 任婕, 高志强. 高产小麦品种植株干物质积累运转、土壤耗水与产量的关系. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(17): 3467-3478. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.005.
	TONG J, SUN M, REN A X, LIN W, YU S B, WANG Q, FENG Y, REN J, GAO Z Q. Relationship between plant dry matter accumulation, translocation, soil water consumption and yield of high-yielding wheat cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3467-3478. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.005. (in Chinese)
[12]	李朝苏, 李明, 吴晓丽, 魏会廷, 刘淼, 汤永禄, 熊涛. 耕作播种方式对稻茬小麦生长和养分吸收利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(5): 1435-1442. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.025
	LI C S, LI M, WU X L, WEI H T, LIU M, TANG Y L, XIONG T. Effects of tillage and sowing practices on plant growth, soil nutrient uptake and utilization of wheat after rice. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1435-1442. (in Chinese)
[13]	魏珊珊, 王祥宇, 董树亭. 株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(2): 441-450.
	WEI S S, WANG X Y, DONG S T. Effects of row spacing on canopy structure and grain-filling characteristics of high-yield summer maize. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(2): 441-450. (in Chinese)
[14]	魏廷邦, 柴强, 王伟民, 王军强. 水氮耦合及种植密度对绿洲灌区玉米光合作用和干物质积累特征的调控效应. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(3): 428-444. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.004.
	WEI T B, CHAI Q, WANG W M, WANG J Q. Effects of coupling of irrigation and nitrogen application as well as planting density on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation characteristics of maize in oasis irrigated areas. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 428-444. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.004. (in Chinese)
[15]	王进斌, 谢军红, 李玲玲, Eunice Essel, 彭正凯, 邓超超, 沈吉成, 颉健辉. 氮肥运筹对陇中旱农区玉米光合特性及产量的影响. 草业学报, 2019, 28(1): 60-69. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2018096
	WANG J B, XIE J H, LI L L, ESSEL E, PENG Z K, DENG C C, SHEN J C, XIE J H. Effects of nitrogen management on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in arid areas of central Gansu, China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(1): 60-69. (in Chinese)
[16]	周宝元, 孙雪芳, 丁在松, 马玮, 赵明. 土壤耕作和施肥方式对夏玉米干物质积累与产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(11): 2129-2140. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.018.
	ZHOU B Y, SUN X F, DING Z S, MA W, ZHAO M. Effect of tillage practice and fertilization on dry matter accumulation and grain yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2129-2140. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.018. (in Chinese)
[17]	赵凯男, 张保军, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 常旭虹, 赵广才. 提高立体匀播冬小麦光合效能和产量的最佳追氮时期. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(8): 1354-1361.
	ZHAO K N, ZHANG B J, WANG D M, TAO Z Q, WANG Y J, YANG Y S, CHANG X H, ZHAO G C. Optimum nitrogen topdressing time for improving photosynthetic efficiency and yield of tridimensional uniform sowing winter wheat. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(8): 1354-1361. (in Chinese)
[18]	巨晓棠, 谷保静. 氮素管理的指标. 土壤学报, 2017, 54(2): 281-296.
	JU X T, GU B J. Indexes of nitrogen management. Acta PedologicaSinica, 2017, 54(2): 281-296. (in Chinese)
[19]	李姗姗, 赵广才, 常旭虹, 刘利华, 杨玉双, 丰明. 追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2008, 28(3): 461-465.
	LI S S, ZHAO G C, CHANG X H, LIU L H, YANG Y S, FENG M. Effects of nitrogen topdressing stage on quality, yield and other physiological traits in strong gluten wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28(3): 461-465. (in Chinese)
[20]	侯云鹏, 杨建, 尹彩侠, 秦裕波, 李前, 于雷, 孔丽丽, 刘志权. 氮肥后移对春玉米产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤氮素供应的影响. 玉米科学, 2019, 27(2): 146-154.
	HOU Y P, YANG J, YIN C X, QIN Y B, LI Q, YU L, KONG L L, LIU Z Q. Effect of postponing nitrogen application on the yield, nitrogen absorption and utilization and soil nitrogen supply in spring maize. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2019, 27(2): 146-154. (in Chinese)
[21]	张丽丽, 王璞, 陶洪斌, 郭步庆, 冯烁. 氮肥对夏玉米冠层结构及光合速率的影响. 玉米科学, 2009, 17(2): 133-135.
	ZHANG L L, WANG P, TAO H B, GUO B Q, FENG S. The effect of nitrogen on canopy structure of summer maize and photosynthetic rate. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2009, 17(2): 133-135. (in Chinese)
[22]	苟志文, 胡发龙, 赵财, 于爱忠, 樊志龙, 殷文, 柴强. 氮肥后移满足绿洲灌区全膜覆盖玉米的氮素需求. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(4): 888-895.
	GOU Z W, HU F L, ZHAO C, YU A Z, FAN Z L, YIN W, CHAI Q. Postponed topdressing of nitrogen fertilizers to meet nitrogen requirement of maize under full plastic film mulching in Oasis Irrigation Region. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(4): 888-895. (in Chinese)
[23]	冯波, 刘延忠, 孔令安, 李升东, 司纪升, 王法宏. 氮肥运筹对垄作小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2008, 28(1): 107-112.
	FENG B, LIU Y Z, KONG L A, LI S D, SI J S, WANG F H. Effects of nitrogen application strategy on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of wheat with bed planting. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28(1): 107-112. (in Chinese)
[24]	AZEEM B, KUSHAARI K, MAN Z B, BASIT A, THANH T H. Review on materials & methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer. Journal of Controlled Release, 2014, 181: 11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.020
[25]	ZHANG G X, ZHAO D H, LIU S J, LIAO Y C, HAN J. Can controlled-release urea replace the split application of normal urea in China? A meta-analysis based on crop grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Field Crops Research, 2022, 275: 108343. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108343
[26]	ZHANG G X, LIU S J, DONG Y J, LIAO Y C, HAN J. A nitrogen fertilizer strategy for simultaneously increasing wheat grain yield and protein content: Mixed application of controlled-release urea and normal urea. Field Crops Research, 2022, 277: 108405. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108405
[27]	吴光磊, 郭立月, 崔正勇, 李勇, 尹燕枰, 王振林, 蒋高明. 氮肥运筹对晚播冬小麦氮素和干物质积累与转运的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32(16): 5128-5137.
	WU G L, GUO L Y, CUI Z Y, LI Y, YIN Y P, WANG Z L, JIANG G M. Differential effects of nitrogen managements on nitrogen, dry matter accumulation and transportation in late-sowing winter wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(16): 5128-5137. (in Chinese) doi: 10.5846/stxb
[28]	马瑞琦, 王德梅, 陶志强, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 追氮量对不同筋型小麦品种产量及农艺性状的调控效应. 作物杂志, 2023(2): 131-137.
	MA R Q, WANG D M, TAO Z Q, WANG Y J, YANG Y S, ZHAO G C, CHANG X H. Effects of topdressing nitrogen amount on yield and agronomic traits of different gluten type wheat cultivars. Crops, 2023(2): 131-137. (in Chinese)
[29]	王彦丽, 朱云集, 郭天财, 王晨阳, 谢迎新. 冬小麦碳氮积累、转运和籽粒产量对小花发育期追氮的响应. 麦类作物学报, 2011, 31(1): 98-105.
	WANG Y L, ZHU Y J, GUO T C, WANG C Y, XIE Y X. The response of carbon and nitrogen accumulation and translocation and grain yield to nitrogen fertilizer dressing in winter wheat at floret development period. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2011, 31(1): 98-105. (in Chinese)
[30]	文熙宸, 王小春, 邓小燕, 张群, 蒲甜, 刘国丹, 杨文钰. 玉米-大豆套作模式下氮肥运筹对玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响. 作物学报, 2015, 41(3): 448-457.
	WEN X C, WANG X C, DENG X Y, ZHANG Q, PU T, LIU G D, YANG W Y. Effects of nitrogen management on yield and dry matter accumulation and translocation of maize in maize-soybean relay- cropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(3): 448-457. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00448
[31]	ZHAO K N, WANG H T, WU J X, LIU A K, HUANG X L, LI G Q, WU S W, ZHANG J, ZHANG Z W, HOU Y Q, ZHAO Z M, LI S, GUO J H, ZHAO W, LI S J, LI W N, HUANG M, LI Y J. One-off irrigation improves water and nitrogen use efficiency and productivity of wheat as mediated by nitrogen rate and tillage in drought-prone areas. Field Crops Research, 2023, 295: 108898. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108898
[32]	马忠明, 孙景玲, 杨蕊菊, 杨君林. 不同施氮情况下小麦玉米间作土壤硝态氮的动态变化. 核农学报, 2010, 24(5): 1056-1061, 1085.
	MA Z M, SUN J L, YANG R J, YANG J L. Dynamic change of NO₃^--N in wheat/maize inter cropping soil under different N application levels. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 24(5): 1056-1061, 1085. (in Chinese)
[33]	刘永环, 贺明荣, 王晓英, 张洪华. 不同氮肥基追比例对高温胁迫下小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响. 生态学报, 2009, 29(11): 5930-5935.
	LIU Y H, HE M R, WANG X Y, ZHANG H H. The effects of top-dressing to basal nitrogen ratios on grain yield and quality of winter wheat under heat stresses during grain filling. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(11): 5930-5935. (in Chinese)
[34]	SI Z Y, ZAIN M, MEHMOOD F, WANG G S, GAO Y, DUAN A W. Effects of nitrogen application rate and irrigation regime on growth, yield, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of drip-irrigated winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 231: 106002. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106002
[35]	ZHANG Y T, WANG H Y, LEI Q L, LUO J F, LINDSEY S, ZHANG J Z, ZHAI L M, WU S X, ZHANG J S, LIU X X, REN T Z, LIU H B. Optimizing the nitrogen application rate for maize and wheat based on yield and environment on the Northern China Plain. The Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 618: 1173-1183. doi: S0048-9697(17)32534-2 pmid: 29054672
[36]	杜文婷, 雷肖肖, 卢慧宇, 王云凤, 徐佳星, 罗彩霞, 张树兰. 氮肥减量施用对我国三大粮食作物产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(24): 4863-4878. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.007.
	DU W T, LEI X X, LU H Y, WANG Y F, XU J X, LUO C X, ZHANG S L. Effects of reducing nitrogen application rate on the yields of three major cereals in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4863-4878. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.007. (in Chinese)
[37]	代新俊, 夏清, 杨珍平, 高志强. 氮肥后移对强筋小麦氮素积累转运及籽粒产量与品质的影响. 水土保持学报, 2018, 32(3): 289-294.
	DAI X J, XIA Q, YANG Z P, GAO Z Q. Effects of postponing nitrogen application on accumulation and transport of nitrogen and yield and quality of grain in strong-gluten wheat. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(3): 289-294. (in Chinese)
[38]	张丽丽, 齐华, 樊叶, 杨海龙, 付俊, 许淑娟, 景希强, 王璞. 氮肥后移对玉米冠层内物质分配及氮素利用的影响. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(1): 127-132.
	ZHANG L L, QI H, FAN Y, YANG H L, FU J, XU S J, JING X Q, WANG P. Effects of postponing N application on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization in maize canopy. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(1): 127-132. (in Chinese)
[39]	HU C L, SADRASV O, LU G Y, ZHANG P X, HAN Y, LIU L, XIE J Y, YANG X Y, ZHANG S L. A global meta-analysis of split nitrogen application for improved wheat yield and grain protein content. Soil and Tillage Research, 2021, 213: 105111. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105111

处理 Treatment	氮肥总量 Total N fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	小麦季 Winter wheat season			玉米季 Summer maize season
		基肥 Bottom fertilizer	返青追肥 Regreening fertilizer	抽穗追肥 Heading fertilizer	基肥 Bottom fertilizer	大喇叭口追肥 Big trumpet fertilizer
		周年施氮400 kg·hm^-2 Annual N fertilizer application 400 kg·hm^-2(CK)	400	130	70	0	200	0
周年减氮10% 10% reduction of annual N fertilizer (SN)	360	90	90	0	180	0
周年减氮20% 20% reduction of annual N fertilizer (NH)	320	40	60	80	40	100
周年减氮30% 30% reduction of annual N fertilizer (NL)	280	0	60	80	0	140

作物 Crops	处理 Treatment	种子及肥料 Seed and fertilizers (Yuan/kg)					灌溉、机械及药剂 Irrigation, machine, and herbicide (Yuan/hm²)
		种子价格 Seed price	尿素 Urea	过磷酸钙 Triple superphosphate	硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate	作物单价 Crop price	灌溉 Irrigation	耕作 Tillage	播种 Sowing	收获 Harvest	除草剂 Herbicide
		冬小麦 Winter wheat	CK	2.5	1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	450
SN	2.5		1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	450
NL	2.5		1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	450
NH	2.5		1.8	3.5	5	2.7	900	675	600	900	450
夏玉米Summer maize	CK	15	1.8	3.5	5	1.6	0	0	750	900	450
	SN	15	1.8	3.5	5	1.6	0	0	750	900	450
	NL	15	1.8	3.5	5	1.6	0	0	750	900	450
	NH	15	1.8	3.5	5	1.6	0	0	750	900	450

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer maize	周年 Annual
2020-2021(2020)	CK	8447±88.1b	9300±215.2c	17747±228.8c
	SN	8907±385.2ab	9610±138.4bc	18517±500.5bc
	NL	9949±187.3a	10823±328.1a	20772±539.7a
	NH	9243±449.4ab	10395±232.6ab	19638±780.9ab
2021-2022(2021)	CK	8382±99.0b	8606±201.1b	16988±226.0c
	SN	8619±416.5b	9736±168.5ab	18355±606.3b
	NL	9618±236.2a	10763±280.1a	20381±477.5a
	NH	9074±116.0ab	10354±356.2a	19429±478.1ab
2022-2023(2022)	CK	5300±260.9c	8801±38.8c	14101±490.5c
	SN	5934±152.9b	9527±154.2b	15461±417.7b
	NL	7056±96.2a	9949±163.0a	17005±327.2a
	NH	6432±128.8b	9778±136.5ab	16211±358.9ab
3年平均 3-year average	CK	7367±146.3 c	8902±201.8c	16279±289.7c
	SN	7820±474.1b	9624±159.8b	17444±695.3b
	NL	8874±286.9a	10512±359.7a	19386±677.6a
	NH	8250±200.3b	10175±273.6a	18426±336.9ab

年度 Year	处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer maize	周年 Annual
2020-2021 (2020)	CK	16081±237.3c	15323±539.6c	31404±321.6c
	SN	17400±1041.3bc	16021±400.7bc	33421±2046.5bc
	NL	20371±506.5a	18604±1238.2a	38975±1188.4a
	NH	20659±1214.2ab	17435±1148.5ab	35744±3132.9ab
2021-2022 (2021)	CK	15906±91.8c	13935±728.6c	29841±790.7c
	SN	16624±1123.8bc	16273±682.8b	32897±2602.7b
	NL	19476±638.4a	18484±980.8a	37960±1916.8a
	NH	17854±314.5ab	17353±1260.2ab	35207±1795.7ab
2022-2023 (2022)	CK	7583±704.5c	14324±77.7c	21907±1198.0d
	SN	9374±413.0b	15855±308.4b	25228±570.6c
	NL	12559±259.6a	16856±326.0a	29414±770.2a
	NH	10719±347.7b	16201±273.0b	26921±805.2b
3年平均 3-year average	CK	13190±394.9d	14527±402.7c	27718±263.3d
	SN	14466±1280.1c	16050±319.7b	30516±1599.2c
	NL	17469±774.8a	17981±719.5a	35450±1233.1a
	NH	15627±540.8b	16997±547.2ab	32624±915.0b

氮肥减量后移改善植株光合特性提高麦-玉周年产量及经济效益

Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction and Postponing for Improving Plant Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics to Increase Wheat- Maize and Annual Yield and Economic Return

RichHTML

PDF

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	麻碧娇, 陈桂平, 苟志文, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 范虹, 何蔚. 河西灌区减氮条件下小麦复种绿肥的水分利用及经济效益[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(4): 740-754.
[2]	雷新慧, 吴怡欣, 王家乐, 陶金才, 万晨茜, 王孟, 高小丽, 冯佰利, 高金锋. 种植密度与施肥水平对甜荞光合特性、产量及抗倒伏的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(2): 264-277.
[3]	谷闻东, 刘春娟, 李邦, 刘畅, 周宇飞. 外源色氨酸对低氮胁迫下高粱苗期叶片碳氮平衡和衰老特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(7): 1295-1310.
[4]	常春义, 曹元, Ghulam Mustafa, 刘红艳, 张羽, 汤亮, 刘兵, 朱艳, 姚霞, 曹卫星, 刘蕾蕾. 白粉病对小麦光合特性的影响及病害严重度的定量模拟[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(6): 1061-1073.
[5]	张文霞, 李盼, 殷文, 陈桂平, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 范虹, 何蔚. 麦后复种绿肥及配施不同水平氮肥对小麦产量、品质及氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(17): 3317-3330.
[6]	穆心愿, 吕姗姗, 卢良涛, 刘天学, 李树岩, 薛昌颖, 王宏伟, 赵霞, 夏来坤, 唐保军. 授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(15): 2880-2894.
[7]	郭鑫虎, 马静, 李仲峰, 初金鹏, 徐海成, 贾殿勇, 代兴龙, 贺明荣. 长期定位条件下栽培模式对麦田土壤理化性质和氮素平衡的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(12): 2262-2273.
[8]	熊伟仡, 徐开未, 刘明鹏, 肖华, 裴丽珍, 彭丹丹, 陈远学. 不同氮用量对四川春玉米光合特性、氮利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(9): 1735-1748.
[9]	马小艳, 杨瑜, 黄冬琳, 王朝辉, 高亚军, 李永刚, 吕辉. 小麦化肥减施与不同轮作方式的周年养分平衡及经济效益分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1589-1603.
[10]	李前, 秦裕波, 尹彩侠, 孔丽丽, 王蒙, 侯云鹏, 孙博, 赵胤凯, 徐晨, 刘志全. 滴灌施肥模式对玉米产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(8): 1604-1616.
[11]	苟志文,殷文,柴强,樊志龙,胡发龙,赵财,于爱忠,范虹. 干旱灌区小麦间作玉米麦后复种绿肥的可持续性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(7): 1319-1331.
[12]	房昊源, 杨亮, 王洪壮, 曹锦承, 任万平, 魏胜娟, 颜培实. 夏季横向交互送风系统对肉牛生理和生产性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(5): 1025-1036.
[13]	徐珂,樊志龙,殷文,赵财,于爱忠,胡发龙,柴强. 氮肥后移及间作对玉米光合特性的耦合效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4131-4143.
[14]	王良,刘元元,钱欣,张慧,代红翠,刘开昌,高英波,方志军,刘树堂,李宗新. 单季麦秸还田促进小麦-玉米周年碳效率和经济效益协同提高[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(2): 350-364.
[15]	李小凡, 邵靖宜, 于维祯, 刘鹏, 赵斌, 张吉旺, 任佰朝. 高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(18): 3516-3529.