多样化种植对土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和全氮含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.008

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (15): 2929-2940.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.008

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

多样化种植对土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和全氮含量的影响

孙涛¹^,³(), 冯晓敏²^,³, 高新昊¹, 邓艾兴³, 郑成岩³, 宋振伟³(), 张卫建³

¹ 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，济南 250100
² 山西农业大学高粱研究所，山西晋中 030600
³ 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2022-08-13 接受日期:2022-12-06 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-08-05
通信作者:
宋振伟，E-mail：songzhenwei@caas.cn
联系方式: 孙涛，E-mail：suntao1007@126.com。
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程联合攻关重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202202); 国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-16); 国家自然科学基金(31671642); 山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022E03)

Effects of Diversified Cropping on the Soil Aggregate Composition and Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content

SUN Tao¹^,³(), FENG XiaoMin²^,³, GAO XinHao¹, DENG AiXing³, ZHENG ChengYan³, SONG ZhenWei³(), ZHANG WeiJian³

¹ State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100
² Institute of Sorghum Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi
³ Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081

Received:2022-08-13 Accepted:2022-12-06 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】阐明东北黑土区禾本科与豆科作物多样化种植模式下土壤团聚体组成及其碳氮分布特征，为促进黑土地用养结合型种植制度优化提供理论依据与技术指导。【方法】田间试验于2016—2020年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站进行，设置玉米大豆间作（M/S）、玉米大豆轮作（M-S）、玉米花生间作（M/P）和玉米花生轮作（M-P）等多样化种植模式，以玉米连作（CM）常规种植模式为对照。2020年作物收获后采集0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤样品，分析多样化种植模式对土壤团聚体及其有机碳、全氮含量的影响。【结果】多样化种植有利于增加0—20和20—40 cm土层水稳性大团聚体（>0.25 mm）含量，降低黏粉粒（<0.053 mm）含量，4种多样化种植模式的土壤团聚体平均重量直径和平均几何直径均显著高于CM处理（P<0.05）。M/S和M-S处理0—20 cm土层>0.25 mm土壤团聚体比例分别比CM处理高17.6%和13.4%，M/S、M-S和M-P处理20—40 cm土层 >0.25 mm土壤团聚体比例则分别比CM处理高10.4%、8.3%和10.5%。多样化种植增加了土壤大团聚体中有机碳和全氮含量，0—20 cm土层，M/S、M-S、M/P和M-P处理>2 mm土壤团聚体有机碳含量分别比CM处理高20.7%、24.3%、18.8%和17.8%；0—20 cm土层，M-S、M/P和M-P处理>2 mm土壤团聚体全氮含量分别比CM处理高13.0%、16.8%和14.8%。M-S和M/P处理0—20 cm土层>2 mm土壤团聚体有机碳和全氮对土壤总有机碳和全氮贡献率高于CM处理，而M/S和M-S处理<0.053 mm土壤团聚体有机碳和全氮对总有机碳和全氮的贡献率则低于CM处理。【结论】东北黑土区多样化种植提高了土壤大团聚体含量，降低了黏粉粒含量，增加了土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳和全氮含量，有利于促进农田土壤碳氮固持。

关键词: 东北黑土区, 轮作, 间作, 玉米, 大豆, 花生, 土壤团聚体, 土壤有机碳, 土壤全氮

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study, the composition as well as carbon and nitrogen distribution characteristics of soil aggregates under diversified cropping system of poaceae and legumes in the black soil region of Northeast China were elucidated, which could provide the theoretical basis and technical guidance for promoting the optimization of cropping system of combined use and cultivation in black soil. 【Method】 Field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2020 in Gongzhuling Experimental Station, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Four diversified cropping systems were considered, including maize-soybean intercropping (M/S), maize-soybean rotation (M-S), maize-peanut intercropping (M/P), and maize-peanut rotation (M-P), while the maize continuous cropping (CM) system was used as control. Soil samples of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were collected after harvesting in October 2020. Then, soil aggregates and their soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content under diversified cropping system were analyzed. 【Result】 Diversified cropping was beneficial to increase the content of water-stable macro-aggregates in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil (>0.25 mm), and to reduce the content of silt and clay (<0.053 mm), the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates under four diversified cropping systems were significantly higher than those of maize continuous cropping system (P<0.05). Soil aggregates ratios of >0.25 mm under M/S and M-S treatments were 17.5% and 13.4% higher than that under CM treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer, respectively. Soil aggregates ratios of >0.25 mm under M/S, M-S and M-P treatments was 10.4%, 8.3% and 10.5% higher than that under CM treatment in the 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. Diversified cropping increased the SOC and TN content of soil aggregates. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the SOC of >2 mm soil aggregate under M/S, M-S, M/P and M-P treatments was 20.7%, 24.3%, 18.8% and 17.8% higher than that under CM treatment, respectively; the TN of >2 mm soil aggregate under M-S, M/P and M-P treatments was 13.0%, 16.8% and 14.8% higher than that under CM treatment, respectively. When compared with CM treatment, the contribution rates of >2 mm soil aggregate to SOC and TN under M-S and M/P treatments were higher in 0-20 cm soil layer, while the contribution rate of <0.053 mm soil aggregate to SOC and TN under M/S and M-S treatments were lower in 0-20 cm soil layer. 【Conclusion】 Diversified cropping increased the content of soil macroaggregates, decreased the content of clay particles, improved the soil aggregate stability, SOC and TN of soil aggregates, which was conducive to promoting the SOC and TN sequestration in black soil region of Northeast China.

Key words: black soil region of Northeast China, rotation, intercropping, maize, soybean, peanut, soil aggregate, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen

孙涛, 冯晓敏, 高新昊, 邓艾兴, 郑成岩, 宋振伟, 张卫建. 多样化种植对土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和全氮含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(15): 2929-2940.

SUN Tao, FENG XiaoMin, GAO XinHao, DENG AiXing, ZHENG ChengYan, SONG ZhenWei, ZHANG WeiJian. Effects of Diversified Cropping on the Soil Aggregate Composition and Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2929-2940.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	>2 mm	0.25-2 mm	0.053-0.25 mm	<0.053 mm
0-20	CM	3.22±0.43b	52.46±2.78b	18.33±2.44a	25.98±4.76a
	M/S	6.70±0.99b	67.90±3.28a	15.57±2.44a	9.83±1.10b
	M-S	13.19±1.43a	59.68±4.80ab	18.95±4.36a	8.19±1.39b
	M/P	14.37±2.22a	57.02±1.61ab	13.35±2.02a	15.26±1.69ab
	M-P	7.08±0.41b	60.18±1.05ab	16.16±2.37a	16.58±2.30ab
20-40	CM	2.93±0.37b	67.46±0.76b	12.08±0.79a	17.53±0.55a
	M/S	8.31±1.79ab	71.82±2.10ab	8.19±0.24b	11.67±1.26a
	M-S	11.18±1.79a	67.27±1.13b	8.70±1.30ab	12.86±1.56a
	M/P	8.14±1.43ab	68.31±1.53ab	7.91±0.66b	15.64±0.86a
	M-P	5.33±0.51ab	75.08±1.50a	6.48±0.75b	13.11±2.49a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	>2 mm	0.25-2 mm	0.053-0.25 mm	<0.053 mm
0-20	CM	3.40±0.47b	54.35±2.86b	16.68±2.39a	25.57±4.43a
	M/S	5.55±0.46b	70.80±2.20a	14.13±1.59a	9.51±1.19b
	M-S	12.59±1.20a	59.45±4.90ab	19.47±4.16a	8.49±1.57b
	M/P	15.77±1.89a	54.27±1.28b	12.69±1.10a	17.27±1.84ab
	M-P	7.09±0.38b	56.98±1.11b	18.48±2.36a	17.45±2.30ab
20-40	CM	2.57±0.41b	65.64±1.06c	14.48±0.54a	17.32±0.92a
	M/S	7.36±1.32ab	72.69±1.72ab	8.29±0.14b	11.66±1.14a
	M-S	9.69±1.66a	68.32±1.29bc	10.09±0.93b	11.90±1.95a
	M/P	7.35±1.10ab	68.04±1.03bc	8.61±0.52b	16.00±1.19a
	M-P	4.86±0.40ab	74.54±0.81a	7.80±0.90b	12.79±1.61a

多样化种植对土壤团聚体组成及其有机碳和全氮含量的影响

Effects of Diversified Cropping on the Soil Aggregate Composition and Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content

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